为什么古代的人们开始在城市定居，而不是以游牧民族的身份生活？
正文翻译
Why did people in ancient times start settling in cities instead of living as nomads?
为什么古代的人们开始在城市定居，而不是以游牧民族的身份生活？
Why did people in ancient times start settling in cities instead of living as nomads?
为什么古代的人们开始在城市定居，而不是以游牧民族的身份生活？
评论翻译
Syed Tahir
The nomadic way of life is very less to almost non-existent now a days. In the past majority of the people kept on moving so that they can find a place which was both comfortable enough to live and was to fit for their family to survive from forces of nature (floods, fires, plagues, animal attacks) and wars. Moving around was a necessity rather than a choice. The advancement of civilization in the last 2–3 centuries has been fast and helped people form cities, colonies and countries that are far more livable than what was hundreds or thousands of years ago. In the modern world, moving around is not out of necessity but rather out of choice and comes at a monetory cost. Add to that the comfort of having abundance of knowledge, options and modern day luxury of internet that has led people to stay in one place than to move around.
如今，游牧生活方式已非常少见，甚至几乎不存在。在过去，大多数人不断迁移，以寻找一个既舒适又适合家庭生存的地方，以应对自然力量（洪水、火灾、瘟疫、动物攻击）和战争。迁徙是一种必要，而不是一种选择。过去 2-3 个世纪文明的进步非常迅速，使人们能够建立出比几百年前或几千年前更适宜居住的城市、殖民地和国家。在现代社会，移动不是出于必要，而是出于选择，并且伴随着经济成本。此外，丰富的知识、选择以及现代互联网的奢侈使人们更倾向于留在一个地方，也不愿四处迁徙。
The nomadic way of life is very less to almost non-existent now a days. In the past majority of the people kept on moving so that they can find a place which was both comfortable enough to live and was to fit for their family to survive from forces of nature (floods, fires, plagues, animal attacks) and wars. Moving around was a necessity rather than a choice. The advancement of civilization in the last 2–3 centuries has been fast and helped people form cities, colonies and countries that are far more livable than what was hundreds or thousands of years ago. In the modern world, moving around is not out of necessity but rather out of choice and comes at a monetory cost. Add to that the comfort of having abundance of knowledge, options and modern day luxury of internet that has led people to stay in one place than to move around.
如今，游牧生活方式已非常少见，甚至几乎不存在。在过去，大多数人不断迁移，以寻找一个既舒适又适合家庭生存的地方，以应对自然力量（洪水、火灾、瘟疫、动物攻击）和战争。迁徙是一种必要，而不是一种选择。过去 2-3 个世纪文明的进步非常迅速，使人们能够建立出比几百年前或几千年前更适宜居住的城市、殖民地和国家。在现代社会，移动不是出于必要，而是出于选择，并且伴随着经济成本。此外，丰富的知识、选择以及现代互联网的奢侈使人们更倾向于留在一个地方，也不愿四处迁徙。
Samantha A.
Agriculture.
Once humans started to plant crops instead of gathering chance-grown produce, they stopped being nomadic and started to stay in one place so they could harvest their crops.
农业。
一旦人类开始种植农作物，而不是收集偶然种植的农产品，他们就不再是游牧民族，而是开始留在一个地方，这样他们就可以收获庄稼。
Agriculture.
Once humans started to plant crops instead of gathering chance-grown produce, they stopped being nomadic and started to stay in one place so they could harvest their crops.
农业。
一旦人类开始种植农作物，而不是收集偶然种植的农产品，他们就不再是游牧民族，而是开始留在一个地方，这样他们就可以收获庄稼。
Jason Almendra
Hunter-gathers had to follow animal herds. However as people domesticated wheat, barley, rye and oats. They needed fertilizer. Peter Zeihan believes that living in cities enabled the collection of human excrement easier.
So it's not only a hydraulic empire. But also a fecal empire.
Hydraulic empire - Wikipedia
狩猎采集者不得不跟随畜群。然而，随着人们驯化小麦、大麦、黑麦和燕麦。他们需要肥料。彼得·泽汉认为，生活在城市里可以更容易地收集人类粪便。
所以它不仅仅是一个水力帝国。但也是一个粪便帝国。
水力帝国——维基百科
Hunter-gathers had to follow animal herds. However as people domesticated wheat, barley, rye and oats. They needed fertilizer. Peter Zeihan believes that living in cities enabled the collection of human excrement easier.
So it's not only a hydraulic empire. But also a fecal empire.
Hydraulic empire - Wikipedia
狩猎采集者不得不跟随畜群。然而，随着人们驯化小麦、大麦、黑麦和燕麦。他们需要肥料。彼得·泽汉认为，生活在城市里可以更容易地收集人类粪便。
所以它不仅仅是一个水力帝国。但也是一个粪便帝国。
水力帝国——维基百科
Mark Werner
The transition from nomadic, hunter-gatherer cultures to agriculture-based villages and then cities would have been very gradual, and would have taken place over a fairly long period of time. We can be assured that when the first agriculture-based cultures started to appear, there were still plenty of nomads wandering around.
从游牧、狩猎采集文化到以农业为基础的村庄，再到城市的转变，这个过程非常缓慢，而且会持续相当长的时间。我们可以肯定，当第一个以农业为基础的文化开始看来，仍然有大量的游牧民族在周围游荡。
The transition from nomadic, hunter-gatherer cultures to agriculture-based villages and then cities would have been very gradual, and would have taken place over a fairly long period of time. We can be assured that when the first agriculture-based cultures started to appear, there were still plenty of nomads wandering around.
从游牧、狩猎采集文化到以农业为基础的村庄，再到城市的转变，这个过程非常缓慢，而且会持续相当长的时间。我们可以肯定，当第一个以农业为基础的文化开始看来，仍然有大量的游牧民族在周围游荡。
So what are the advantages? Generally, a pretty reliable food supply, reliable shelter, and a degree of security. Folks living in villages or cities didn’t have to worry about lurking lions or hyenas at night. And, security from other humans as well. With fixed-place living and agriculture, now humans had something to protect and defend….. Instead of just moving somewhere else if another nomadic group was unfriendly.
Also, I’d speculate… “Culture”. We are, after all, social creatures. Having a larger population meant festivals, ceremonies, more mating opportunities… Things like that.
那么，这样做有什么好处呢？一般来说，稳定的食物供应、可靠的住所和一定程度的安全。生活在村庄或城市的人不必担心夜晚潜伏的狮子或鬣狗，而且，他们还能得到其他人类的安全保障。随着固定居住和农业的发展，人类现在有了可以保护和捍卫的东西……而不是在另一个游牧群体不友好时就简单地迁移到别处。
另外，我想推测……“文化”。毕竟，我们是社会性生物。更大的人口意味着节日、仪式和更多的交配机会……类似的事情。
Also, I’d speculate… “Culture”. We are, after all, social creatures. Having a larger population meant festivals, ceremonies, more mating opportunities… Things like that.
那么，这样做有什么好处呢？一般来说，稳定的食物供应、可靠的住所和一定程度的安全。生活在村庄或城市的人不必担心夜晚潜伏的狮子或鬣狗，而且，他们还能得到其他人类的安全保障。随着固定居住和农业的发展，人类现在有了可以保护和捍卫的东西……而不是在另一个游牧群体不友好时就简单地迁移到别处。
另外，我想推测……“文化”。毕竟，我们是社会性生物。更大的人口意味着节日、仪式和更多的交配机会……类似的事情。
Pearl Nestor
Planting crops and waiting for the harvest was a big reason, nomads usually followed herds who provided them food, so they followed their food as the herd migrated to warmer climates where more grasses were more abundant. As time went on and agriculture was perfected as a viable option for food then more sturdy structures were built, along with domesticating cattle/goats/sheep that can be penned and managed. Cities happened because a great water source could accommodate a great number of people and societies and culture was born. How do great numbers of people live together? They need a leader, a King, then politics was born. It’s been interesting the story of civilization but I don’t think we are quite there yet sadly anytime soon. This whole sorry world needs to get on the same page and respect each other. I am far from being a liberal, but we have to stop trying to destroying each other. Let’s just stop it already.
种植庄稼和等待收获是一个重要的原因，游牧民族通常跟随能够提供食物的畜群，因此他们随着畜群的迁徙而移动，去往气候更温暖、草地更丰富的地方。随着时间的推移，农业作为一种可行的食物来源不断完善，更多坚固的建筑开始出现，同时家畜如牛、羊和山羊被驯化，可以被圈养和管理。城市的形成是因为有了可以容纳大量人口的丰沛水源，社会和文化也由此诞生。那么，大量的人如何共同生活呢？他们需要一个领导者，国王由此诞生，政治也随之而来。文明的故事一直很有趣，但可惜的是，短期内我觉得我们还没有真正达到那个阶段。整个可悲的世界需要达成共识，相互尊重。我远非自由主义者，但我们必须停止试图摧毁彼此。让我们停止这种行为吧。
Planting crops and waiting for the harvest was a big reason, nomads usually followed herds who provided them food, so they followed their food as the herd migrated to warmer climates where more grasses were more abundant. As time went on and agriculture was perfected as a viable option for food then more sturdy structures were built, along with domesticating cattle/goats/sheep that can be penned and managed. Cities happened because a great water source could accommodate a great number of people and societies and culture was born. How do great numbers of people live together? They need a leader, a King, then politics was born. It’s been interesting the story of civilization but I don’t think we are quite there yet sadly anytime soon. This whole sorry world needs to get on the same page and respect each other. I am far from being a liberal, but we have to stop trying to destroying each other. Let’s just stop it already.
种植庄稼和等待收获是一个重要的原因，游牧民族通常跟随能够提供食物的畜群，因此他们随着畜群的迁徙而移动，去往气候更温暖、草地更丰富的地方。随着时间的推移，农业作为一种可行的食物来源不断完善，更多坚固的建筑开始出现，同时家畜如牛、羊和山羊被驯化，可以被圈养和管理。城市的形成是因为有了可以容纳大量人口的丰沛水源，社会和文化也由此诞生。那么，大量的人如何共同生活呢？他们需要一个领导者，国王由此诞生，政治也随之而来。文明的故事一直很有趣，但可惜的是，短期内我觉得我们还没有真正达到那个阶段。整个可悲的世界需要达成共识，相互尊重。我远非自由主义者，但我们必须停止试图摧毁彼此。让我们停止这种行为吧。
Ma Arms
It was a gradual process, with people, over time, developing some degree of plant cultivation, usually while still in keeping with hunter-gatherer life, and at some point becoming so reliant on cultivated plants that they had to shift to using them full time, while curtailing many of the hunting/gathering (though few groups of people completely left their hunting and gathering practices completely until the 20th century, including in Europe and North America - in rural places hunting and foraging were still part of the diet of most people). The shift to full time cultivation required sedentism (some hunter gatherers were also sedentary, but more intense agriculture absolutely demanded it). Once sedentary settlements became the norm, they tended to grow, and with them social complexity tended to grow, eventually resulting in the development of towns and cities.
这是一个渐进的过程，随着时间的推移，人们在保持狩猎采集生活方式的同时，逐渐发展出一定程度的植物栽培，直到某个时刻，他们对栽培植物的依赖程度如此之高，以至于不得不转向全职使用这些植物，同时减少许多狩猎和采集的活动（尽管直到20世纪，仍有少数群体完全没有放弃狩猎和采集的做法，包括欧洲和北美的农村地区，狩猎和采集仍然是大多数人饮食的一部分）。转向全职耕作需要定居（一些狩猎采集者也是定居的，但更为密集的农业绝对要求定居）。一旦定居点成为常态，它们往往会不断发展，随着它们的增长，社会的复杂性也往往随之增加，最终导致城镇和城市的发展。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
It was a gradual process, with people, over time, developing some degree of plant cultivation, usually while still in keeping with hunter-gatherer life, and at some point becoming so reliant on cultivated plants that they had to shift to using them full time, while curtailing many of the hunting/gathering (though few groups of people completely left their hunting and gathering practices completely until the 20th century, including in Europe and North America - in rural places hunting and foraging were still part of the diet of most people). The shift to full time cultivation required sedentism (some hunter gatherers were also sedentary, but more intense agriculture absolutely demanded it). Once sedentary settlements became the norm, they tended to grow, and with them social complexity tended to grow, eventually resulting in the development of towns and cities.
这是一个渐进的过程，随着时间的推移，人们在保持狩猎采集生活方式的同时，逐渐发展出一定程度的植物栽培，直到某个时刻，他们对栽培植物的依赖程度如此之高，以至于不得不转向全职使用这些植物，同时减少许多狩猎和采集的活动（尽管直到20世纪，仍有少数群体完全没有放弃狩猎和采集的做法，包括欧洲和北美的农村地区，狩猎和采集仍然是大多数人饮食的一部分）。转向全职耕作需要定居（一些狩猎采集者也是定居的，但更为密集的农业绝对要求定居）。一旦定居点成为常态，它们往往会不断发展，随着它们的增长，社会的复杂性也往往随之增加，最终导致城镇和城市的发展。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Stanislaw Lubecki
1 square kilometer per person or 0.39 square mile is the minimum necessary to survive as hunter gatherer in moderate climate. Less than that - in warmer, and more than that in colder climates. As the density of populations was approaching those thresholds they had to invent and continue inventing more and more efficient ways to get their means of survival: agriculture, breeding and rising animals, transportation, trade, specialization of work and division of labor, written communication, some forms of money as universal means of exchange, and so on.
在适度气候下，作为猎人和采集者，生存所需的最低土地面积是每人1平方公里（约0.39平方英里）。在温暖的气候中所需面积少于这个数，而在寒冷的气候中则多于这个数。随着人口密度接近这些阈值，人们不得不发明并不断创造更高效的生存方式：农业、畜牧与动物饲养、交通、贸易、工作专业化和劳动分工、书面交流、一些作为普遍交换手段的货币等。
1 square kilometer per person or 0.39 square mile is the minimum necessary to survive as hunter gatherer in moderate climate. Less than that - in warmer, and more than that in colder climates. As the density of populations was approaching those thresholds they had to invent and continue inventing more and more efficient ways to get their means of survival: agriculture, breeding and rising animals, transportation, trade, specialization of work and division of labor, written communication, some forms of money as universal means of exchange, and so on.
在适度气候下，作为猎人和采集者，生存所需的最低土地面积是每人1平方公里（约0.39平方英里）。在温暖的气候中所需面积少于这个数，而在寒冷的气候中则多于这个数。随着人口密度接近这些阈值，人们不得不发明并不断创造更高效的生存方式：农业、畜牧与动物饲养、交通、贸易、工作专业化和劳动分工、书面交流、一些作为普遍交换手段的货币等。
Paul Ross
They didn’t. First some nomads observed that edible grains grew plentifully in some areas, and arranged to visit those areas periodically. They got the idea ,too, that they could help the process and guarantee a good harvest by planting some grains in the areas they planned to visit. After that some travelers got the idea that they could stay in the good areas and farming was born. Once that happened the concepts of ownership, production and bartering or outright selling of produce arose, and we’re off to the races.
他们没有。首先，一些游牧民族观察到某些地区有丰富的可食用谷物，并安排定期访问这些地区。他们也想到了一个主意：通过在计划访问的区域种植一些谷物，可以帮助这个过程并保证丰收。之后，一些旅行者意识到他们可以留在这些肥沃的地区，农业就此诞生。一旦发生这种情况，所有权、生产以及以物易物或直接出售农产品的概念就应运而生，我们就此开启了一个新的时代
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
They didn’t. First some nomads observed that edible grains grew plentifully in some areas, and arranged to visit those areas periodically. They got the idea ,too, that they could help the process and guarantee a good harvest by planting some grains in the areas they planned to visit. After that some travelers got the idea that they could stay in the good areas and farming was born. Once that happened the concepts of ownership, production and bartering or outright selling of produce arose, and we’re off to the races.
他们没有。首先，一些游牧民族观察到某些地区有丰富的可食用谷物，并安排定期访问这些地区。他们也想到了一个主意：通过在计划访问的区域种植一些谷物，可以帮助这个过程并保证丰收。之后，一些旅行者意识到他们可以留在这些肥沃的地区，农业就此诞生。一旦发生这种情况，所有权、生产以及以物易物或直接出售农产品的概念就应运而生，我们就此开启了一个新的时代
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Dan Friedman
Göbekli Tepe may shed some light on your question. As others have pointed out, we may never know why hunter gathers settled in one place. Göbekli Tepe, found in Turkey, is the oldest religious site in the world. The site may show that hunter gathers stayed in one place because they believed their deity was there. The transition from hunting and gathering would have been gradual as crops do not grow quickly enough to immediately feed a population but it could have been the start.
哥贝克力石阵可能为你的问题提供一些启示。正如其他人所指出的，我们可能永远无法知道为什么狩猎采集者会定居在一个地方。哥贝克力石阵位于土耳其，是世界上最古老的宗教遗址。该遗址可能表明，狩猎采集者之所以停留在一个地方，是因为他们相信自己的神灵在那儿。狩猎和采集向农业的过渡应该是渐进的，因为作物的生长速度不足以立即养活一个人口，但这可能是一个开始。
Göbekli Tepe may shed some light on your question. As others have pointed out, we may never know why hunter gathers settled in one place. Göbekli Tepe, found in Turkey, is the oldest religious site in the world. The site may show that hunter gathers stayed in one place because they believed their deity was there. The transition from hunting and gathering would have been gradual as crops do not grow quickly enough to immediately feed a population but it could have been the start.
哥贝克力石阵可能为你的问题提供一些启示。正如其他人所指出的，我们可能永远无法知道为什么狩猎采集者会定居在一个地方。哥贝克力石阵位于土耳其，是世界上最古老的宗教遗址。该遗址可能表明，狩猎采集者之所以停留在一个地方，是因为他们相信自己的神灵在那儿。狩猎和采集向农业的过渡应该是渐进的，因为作物的生长速度不足以立即养活一个人口，但这可能是一个开始。
Stephen Cunningham
What factors led to the transition from nomadic lifestyles to settled societies in ancient times? What factors led to the transition from nomadic lifestyles to settled societies in ancient times?Many factors led to the transition from nomadic lifestyles crop failure lack of animals to hunt these led to settled societies in ancient times.
哪些因素导致了古代从游牧生活方式向定居社会的转变？ 哪些因素导致了古代从游牧生活方式向定居社会的转变？许多因素导致了从游牧生活方式的转变，农作物歉收，缺乏动物可供狩猎，这些导致了到古代的定居社会。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
What factors led to the transition from nomadic lifestyles to settled societies in ancient times? What factors led to the transition from nomadic lifestyles to settled societies in ancient times?Many factors led to the transition from nomadic lifestyles crop failure lack of animals to hunt these led to settled societies in ancient times.
哪些因素导致了古代从游牧生活方式向定居社会的转变？ 哪些因素导致了古代从游牧生活方式向定居社会的转变？许多因素导致了从游牧生活方式的转变，农作物歉收，缺乏动物可供狩猎，这些导致了到古代的定居社会。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Stephen Cunningham
The American Indian led a nomadic lifestyle they followed the Buffalo and would make their camps near the Herds of Buffalo and would move when the Buffalo moved.
美洲印第安人过着游牧生活，他们跟随野牛，并在野牛群附近扎营，当野牛迁移时，他们也会跟随移动
The American Indian led a nomadic lifestyle they followed the Buffalo and would make their camps near the Herds of Buffalo and would move when the Buffalo moved.
美洲印第安人过着游牧生活，他们跟随野牛，并在野牛群附近扎营，当野牛迁移时，他们也会跟随移动
Arden Tom McClure
It looks like people actually settled down in villages before being nomadic like shepherds. They instead wandered rather than being nomadic
Town and villages provide both a more secure food source but also larger in crops. Larger amounts and more secure food means both larger populations and enough market for people to begin to specialize in certain crafts or skills they may be better at than others this to get their food from others than growing or finding their own food. All of which means an easier and richer life experience.
看起来人们在成为游牧民族之前实际上已经在村庄里定居了。他们四处游荡，而不是游牧。城镇和村庄不仅提供了更安全的食物来源，而且农作物产量也更高。数量更多、更安全的食物意味着人口更多，市场也足够大，人们可以开始专门从事某些手艺或技能，他们可能比其他人更擅长这些手艺或技能，从别人那里获取食物，而不是自己种植或寻找食物。所有这些都意味着更轻松、更丰富的生活体验。
It looks like people actually settled down in villages before being nomadic like shepherds. They instead wandered rather than being nomadic
Town and villages provide both a more secure food source but also larger in crops. Larger amounts and more secure food means both larger populations and enough market for people to begin to specialize in certain crafts or skills they may be better at than others this to get their food from others than growing or finding their own food. All of which means an easier and richer life experience.
看起来人们在成为游牧民族之前实际上已经在村庄里定居了。他们四处游荡，而不是游牧。城镇和村庄不仅提供了更安全的食物来源，而且农作物产量也更高。数量更多、更安全的食物意味着人口更多，市场也足够大，人们可以开始专门从事某些手艺或技能，他们可能比其他人更擅长这些手艺或技能，从别人那里获取食物，而不是自己种植或寻找食物。所有这些都意味着更轻松、更丰富的生活体验。
Sue Beaudin
We learned this in school. People learned to plant crops and build fires. Other peoples, who travelled by ship to avoid religious prosecution, learned from thee Native Americans. Huddling up in communities made it necessary to protect their territories. It doesn’t always work and people become refugees.
我们在学校里学到了这一点。人们学会了种植庄稼和生火。其他民族则从美洲原住民那里学到了这一点，他们乘船旅行以避免宗教迫害。聚集成群使得保护自己的领土成为必要。但这种方法并不总是奏效，人们会沦为难民。
We learned this in school. People learned to plant crops and build fires. Other peoples, who travelled by ship to avoid religious prosecution, learned from thee Native Americans. Huddling up in communities made it necessary to protect their territories. It doesn’t always work and people become refugees.
我们在学校里学到了这一点。人们学会了种植庄稼和生火。其他民族则从美洲原住民那里学到了这一点，他们乘船旅行以避免宗教迫害。聚集成群使得保护自己的领土成为必要。但这种方法并不总是奏效，人们会沦为难民。
Rathnaswamy Venkataraman
When they found the pleasures of staying put in one place, and escape the hazards of dealing with the unknown involve in nomadic living, and discovered the strengths of living in groups.
当他们发现留在一个地方的乐趣，并逃避与游牧生活中未知事物相关的风险时，他们意识到群体生活的优势。
When they found the pleasures of staying put in one place, and escape the hazards of dealing with the unknown involve in nomadic living, and discovered the strengths of living in groups.
当他们发现留在一个地方的乐趣，并逃避与游牧生活中未知事物相关的风险时，他们意识到群体生活的优势。
Celle
It is all so logical, so why do I answer ? The population grew and became to numerous to feed the hunters / gatherer society. So they started farming and living in groups. And these with more and better food expanded and far later formed cities. You skip +10.000 years in the human history.
这一切都很合乎逻辑，那我为什么要回答呢？人口增长变得过于庞大，无法养活猎人/采集者社会。因此，他们开始耕种并组成群体。拥有更多、更好的食物的他们最终扩展，甚至在更晚的时候形成了城市。你跳过了人类历史上超过一万年的时间。
It is all so logical, so why do I answer ? The population grew and became to numerous to feed the hunters / gatherer society. So they started farming and living in groups. And these with more and better food expanded and far later formed cities. You skip +10.000 years in the human history.
这一切都很合乎逻辑，那我为什么要回答呢？人口增长变得过于庞大，无法养活猎人/采集者社会。因此，他们开始耕种并组成群体。拥有更多、更好的食物的他们最终扩展，甚至在更晚的时候形成了城市。你跳过了人类历史上超过一万年的时间。
Rathnaswamy Venkataraman
Nomads acquiring more things that it is comfortable for mobility, and constant mobility created the quest for a less problematic alternative, settlement came into being.
游牧民族获得了越来越多的东西，使得流动更加方便，而不断的流动促使他们寻求一种问题更少的替代方案，于是定居点应运而生。
Nomads acquiring more things that it is comfortable for mobility, and constant mobility created the quest for a less problematic alternative, settlement came into being.
游牧民族获得了越来越多的东西，使得流动更加方便，而不断的流动促使他们寻求一种问题更少的替代方案，于是定居点应运而生。
Vercingetorix
For pretty much the same reason you don't live as a nomad.
The nomadic life, to quote Thomas Hobbes:
No arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."
Thomas Hobbes in Leviathan.
几乎和你不选择游牧生活的原因是一样的。游牧生活，引用托马斯·霍布斯的话：‘没有艺术；没有文字；没有社会；最糟糕的是，持续的恐惧和暴力死亡的危险；人的生活，孤独、贫穷、肮脏、残忍且短暂。’——托马斯·霍布斯的《利维坦》
For pretty much the same reason you don't live as a nomad.
The nomadic life, to quote Thomas Hobbes:
No arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."
Thomas Hobbes in Leviathan.
几乎和你不选择游牧生活的原因是一样的。游牧生活，引用托马斯·霍布斯的话：‘没有艺术；没有文字；没有社会；最糟糕的是，持续的恐惧和暴力死亡的危险；人的生活，孤独、贫穷、肮脏、残忍且短暂。’——托马斯·霍布斯的《利维坦》
Susan Lane
Another computer generated question!
Since when are all animals nomadic. Though even sessile animals are motile at some stage in their lives: usually the larval forms.
Farming started at different times in different parts of the world. Only after were major cities built. The key is the relatively settled climate during this particularly long inter-glacial period. If humans can keep their promise and limit anthropomorphic global warming to 1.5 degrees C. then we might limit the next glaciation.
又是一个计算机生成的问题！自从什么时候开始所有动物都是游牧的？虽然即使是固定不动的动物在它们的生命阶段中也是会活动的：通常是幼虫阶段。农业在世界不同地区的不同时间开始。只有在此之后，主要城市才得以建立。关键在于这一特别长的间冰期内相对稳定的气候。如果人类能够遵守承诺，将人类活动引起的全球变暖限制在1.5摄氏度，那么我们可能会限制下一次冰川时期
Another computer generated question!
Since when are all animals nomadic. Though even sessile animals are motile at some stage in their lives: usually the larval forms.
Farming started at different times in different parts of the world. Only after were major cities built. The key is the relatively settled climate during this particularly long inter-glacial period. If humans can keep their promise and limit anthropomorphic global warming to 1.5 degrees C. then we might limit the next glaciation.
又是一个计算机生成的问题！自从什么时候开始所有动物都是游牧的？虽然即使是固定不动的动物在它们的生命阶段中也是会活动的：通常是幼虫阶段。农业在世界不同地区的不同时间开始。只有在此之后，主要城市才得以建立。关键在于这一特别长的间冰期内相对稳定的气候。如果人类能够遵守承诺，将人类活动引起的全球变暖限制在1.5摄氏度，那么我们可能会限制下一次冰川时期
Dina
Cities usually aren’t created, they just grow. Like modern people, the ancients migrated to cities because of job opportunities, social life, freedom from petty restrictions and a perception that being part of a city made people more cosmopolitan.
城市通常不是被创造出来的，而是自然生长的。像现代人一样，古代人迁移到城市是因为工作机会、社会生活、免受琐碎限制的自由，以及对作为城市一部分的认知使人们更加世界化。
Cities usually aren’t created, they just grow. Like modern people, the ancients migrated to cities because of job opportunities, social life, freedom from petty restrictions and a perception that being part of a city made people more cosmopolitan.
城市通常不是被创造出来的，而是自然生长的。像现代人一样，古代人迁移到城市是因为工作机会、社会生活、免受琐碎限制的自由，以及对作为城市一部分的认知使人们更加世界化。
Clay
Humans are still nomadic. I have been nomadic my whole life. I was born in Kentucky. I have lived in Kansas, Missouri, North Carolina, Georgia (2 cities), Heidelberg, Grafenwöhr and Frankfurt before I graduated from high school.
类仍然是游牧民族。我一生都是游牧民族。我出生在肯塔基州。高中毕业前，我住过堪萨斯州、密苏里州、北卡罗来纳州、佐治亚州（2 个城市）、海德堡、格拉芬沃尔和法兰克福。
Humans are still nomadic. I have been nomadic my whole life. I was born in Kentucky. I have lived in Kansas, Missouri, North Carolina, Georgia (2 cities), Heidelberg, Grafenwöhr and Frankfurt before I graduated from high school.
类仍然是游牧民族。我一生都是游牧民族。我出生在肯塔基州。高中毕业前，我住过堪萨斯州、密苏里州、北卡罗来纳州、佐治亚州（2 个城市）、海德堡、格拉芬沃尔和法兰克福。
Since then, the list simply got longer. For instance, I have lived in the Pacific, Indian and Artic Oceans on board a submarine.
I would have a very long itinerary that would be incredibly boring so I am stopping there.
I have moved so much, I did not have time to build a city.
从那时起，名单变得越来越长。例如，我曾在太平洋、印度洋和北冰洋的潜艇上生活过。
如果我列出我的所有经历，那将是一个非常冗长的行程，会令人感到无聊，所以我就不说了。由于我搬家太频繁，我没有时间去建立一个城市。
I would have a very long itinerary that would be incredibly boring so I am stopping there.
I have moved so much, I did not have time to build a city.
从那时起，名单变得越来越长。例如，我曾在太平洋、印度洋和北冰洋的潜艇上生活过。
如果我列出我的所有经历，那将是一个非常冗长的行程，会令人感到无聊，所以我就不说了。由于我搬家太频繁，我没有时间去建立一个城市。
Richard Evans
The answer of course would be sex. I guess, less provocative, would be to say that homo sapiens is a social creature. There are still lone wolves amongst us, but based on the demographics, most still prefer to live in complex groups
回答当然是性。我想，更不具挑衅性地说，智人是一种社会生物。我们当中仍然有孤狼，但根据人口统计，大多数人仍然更喜欢生活在复杂的群体中
The answer of course would be sex. I guess, less provocative, would be to say that homo sapiens is a social creature. There are still lone wolves amongst us, but based on the demographics, most still prefer to live in complex groups
回答当然是性。我想，更不具挑衅性地说，智人是一种社会生物。我们当中仍然有孤狼，但根据人口统计，大多数人仍然更喜欢生活在复杂的群体中
Peter Lewicke
A settled life is much esier than being a nomad, and the food supply is more reliable, and that is also the reason why agriculture became more popular than being hunters and gatherers. Boredom is not a relevant factor.
定居生活比游牧生活要容易得多，食物供应也更可靠，这也是农业比狩猎和采集更受欢迎的原因。无聊并不是一个相关因素。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
A settled life is much esier than being a nomad, and the food supply is more reliable, and that is also the reason why agriculture became more popular than being hunters and gatherers. Boredom is not a relevant factor.
定居生活比游牧生活要容易得多，食物供应也更可靠，这也是农业比狩猎和采集更受欢迎的原因。无聊并不是一个相关因素。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Jesus Ross
About the time they found they found food growing in the ground, we can not run around, wind blows must make shelter, easier to have food if we stay around the food, let us learn to take care of, need a place to keep excess, we have to make our shelters close by.
大约在他们发现食物长在地上的时候，我们不能到处跑，风吹的时候必须有遮蔽处，如果我们待在食物周围就更容易有食物，让我们学会照顾，需要一个地方存放多余的食物，我们必须在附近建造遮蔽处。
About the time they found they found food growing in the ground, we can not run around, wind blows must make shelter, easier to have food if we stay around the food, let us learn to take care of, need a place to keep excess, we have to make our shelters close by.
大约在他们发现食物长在地上的时候，我们不能到处跑，风吹的时候必须有遮蔽处，如果我们待在食物周围就更容易有食物，让我们学会照顾，需要一个地方存放多余的食物，我们必须在附近建造遮蔽处。
Timm Frenzel
Because their camels were knackered, totally worn out and needed a rest. So they invented cities.
因为他们的骆驼疲惫不堪，完全累坏了，需要休息。所以他们发明了城市。
Because their camels were knackered, totally worn out and needed a rest. So they invented cities.
因为他们的骆驼疲惫不堪，完全累坏了，需要休息。所以他们发明了城市。
Kevin Coleman
Perhaps you should remember that humans lived for uncounted centuries in caves in places where a nomadic life-style was impossible — think climate, water, enemies, and much more. There must have been many reasons for humans to gather together to live, such as a source of clean water, mutual aid in, for example, child-birth, and, by walling their settlements around, making everyone a bit safer from predators. As to when villages and towns appeared, it varied, of course, world-wide as settlements developed at various rates.
也许你应该记得，人类在洞穴中生活了无数个世纪，而游牧生活方式在那些地方是不可能实现的——想想气候、水、敌人等等。人类聚集在一起生活的原因肯定有很多，比如干净的水源、相互帮助，比如生孩子，以及通过在周围筑起围墙，让每个人都能更安全地免受掠食者的伤害。至于村庄和城镇出现的时间，当然，世界各地的情况各不相同，因为定居点的发展速度各不相同。
Perhaps you should remember that humans lived for uncounted centuries in caves in places where a nomadic life-style was impossible — think climate, water, enemies, and much more. There must have been many reasons for humans to gather together to live, such as a source of clean water, mutual aid in, for example, child-birth, and, by walling their settlements around, making everyone a bit safer from predators. As to when villages and towns appeared, it varied, of course, world-wide as settlements developed at various rates.
也许你应该记得，人类在洞穴中生活了无数个世纪，而游牧生活方式在那些地方是不可能实现的——想想气候、水、敌人等等。人类聚集在一起生活的原因肯定有很多，比如干净的水源、相互帮助，比如生孩子，以及通过在周围筑起围墙，让每个人都能更安全地免受掠食者的伤害。至于村庄和城镇出现的时间，当然，世界各地的情况各不相同，因为定居点的发展速度各不相同。
David Sieving
It has to do with the carrying capacity of the environment and the depletion of resources. The basic phases of human development are:
Hunting and gathering
Settled gathering
Pastoral nomadism
Agricultural
Industrial
这与环境的承载能力和资源的耗竭有关。人类发展的基本阶段是：
打猎和采集
定居采集
牧民游牧
农业
工业
It has to do with the carrying capacity of the environment and the depletion of resources. The basic phases of human development are:
Hunting and gathering
Settled gathering
Pastoral nomadism
Agricultural
Industrial
这与环境的承载能力和资源的耗竭有关。人类发展的基本阶段是：
打猎和采集
定居采集
牧民游牧
农业
工业
Settled gathering is not yet widely recognized, but an exception has been suggested for the early Holocene settlement at Gobekli Tepe.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe
定居采集尚未被广泛认可，但对早期全新世的哥贝克力石阵（Göbekli Tepe）定居点提出了一个例外。
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe
定居采集尚未被广泛认可，但对早期全新世的哥贝克力石阵（Göbekli Tepe）定居点提出了一个例外。
All human societies start out as hunter-gatherers but will eventually deplete their resources and/or expand beyond the ability of the local environment to support them as such (carrying capacity). This drives them to settled gathering, in which they find a regional abundance and gather from that into a central storage location they can easily defend. Pastoral nomadism is a variation on this in which they graze their herds to and from seasonal locations. Settled gatherers and pastoral nomads have more control over the food sources available to them.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomadic_pastoralism
所有人类社会最初都是以打猎和采集为生，但最终会耗尽资源和/或扩展到当地环境无法支持他们的能力（承载能力）。这促使他们转向定居采集，在这个阶段，他们找到区域性的丰富资源，并将这些资源聚集到一个可以轻松防守的中心储存地点。牧民游牧是这种形式的一种变体，他们在季节性地点之间放牧他们的牲畜。定居采集者和牧民游牧者对可获得的食物来源有更大的控制权。
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomadic_pastoralism
所有人类社会最初都是以打猎和采集为生，但最终会耗尽资源和/或扩展到当地环境无法支持他们的能力（承载能力）。这促使他们转向定居采集，在这个阶段，他们找到区域性的丰富资源，并将这些资源聚集到一个可以轻松防守的中心储存地点。牧民游牧是这种形式的一种变体，他们在季节性地点之间放牧他们的牲畜。定居采集者和牧民游牧者对可获得的食物来源有更大的控制权。
The depletion of resources and/or the expansion of a population beyond the local or regional carrying capacity for settled gathering or pastoral nomadism forces a transition to an agrarian (agricultural) society.
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/development-agriculture/
资源的耗竭和/或人口超出定居采集或牧民游牧的地方或区域承载能力，迫使人类过渡到农业社会。
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/development-agriculture/
资源的耗竭和/或人口超出定居采集或牧民游牧的地方或区域承载能力，迫使人类过渡到农业社会。
When the arable land has all been set aside for agriculture and the population continues to expand, people are forced to develop marketable skills beyond those needed in farming. To market increasingly specialized skills, people need to congregate into cities to facilitate the application and sextion process, and to make it easier for people to move from one specialty area to another as market demands shift.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution
当可耕地全部用于农业时，如果人口仍然继续增长，人们被迫发展超出农业所需的可市场化技能。为了市场化日益专业化的技能，人们需要聚集到城市，以便于应用和选择过程，并使人们能够在市场需求变化时更容易地从一个专业领域转移到另一个领域。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution
当可耕地全部用于农业时，如果人口仍然继续增长，人们被迫发展超出农业所需的可市场化技能。为了市场化日益专业化的技能，人们需要聚集到城市，以便于应用和选择过程，并使人们能够在市场需求变化时更容易地从一个专业领域转移到另一个领域。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Cities facilitate trade in goods and services and the formation of local and regional governments. They also facilitate communication, learning, education and the overall advancement of the society. Once cities begin to form, their locations and the regional geography have a strong influence on which ones unify, which ones break away and which ones prevail when competition between them unavoidably arises.
城市促进商品和服务的交易，以及地方和区域政府的形成。城市还促进沟通、学习、教育和整个社会的进步。一旦城市开始形成，它们的位置和区域地理将对哪些城市团结、哪些城市分裂以及在竞争不可避免地出现时哪些城市会胜出产生强大的影响。
城市促进商品和服务的交易，以及地方和区域政府的形成。城市还促进沟通、学习、教育和整个社会的进步。一旦城市开始形成，它们的位置和区域地理将对哪些城市团结、哪些城市分裂以及在竞争不可避免地出现时哪些城市会胜出产生强大的影响。
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