指挥以色列轰炸加沙的人工智能机器——“薰衣草”（一）
正文翻译
The Israeli army has marked tens of thousands of Gazans as suspects for assassination, using an AI targeting system with little human oversight and a permissive policy for casualties, +972 and Local Call reveal.
据《+972 》和《本地呼叫》报道，以色列军队已将数万名加沙人标记为暗杀嫌疑人，并使用了几乎没有人工监督的人工智能瞄准系统以及对伤亡的宽松政策。
The Israeli army has marked tens of thousands of Gazans as suspects for assassination, using an AI targeting system with little human oversight and a permissive policy for casualties, +972 and Local Call reveal.
据《+972 》和《本地呼叫》报道，以色列军队已将数万名加沙人标记为暗杀嫌疑人，并使用了几乎没有人工监督的人工智能瞄准系统以及对伤亡的宽松政策。
In 2021, a book titled “The Human-Machine Team: How to Create Synergy Between Human and Artificial Intelligence That Will Revolutionize Our World” was released in English under the pen name “Brigadier General Y.S.” In it, the author — a man who we confirmed to be the current commander of the elite Israeli intelligence unit 8200 — makes the case for designing a special machine that could rapidly process massive amounts of data to generate thousands of potential “targets” for military strikes in the heat of a war. Such technology, he writes, would resolve what he described as a “human bottleneck for both locating the new targets and decision-making to approve the targets.”
2021 年，一本名为《人机团队：如何创造人类与人工智能之间的协同作用，从而彻底改变我们的世界》的书，以笔名“Y.S. 准将”以英文出版。在书中，作者——我们确认他是以色列精锐情报部队 8200 的现任指挥官——提出了设计一种特殊机器的主张，这种机器可以快速处理大量数据，从而在战争最激烈的时候生成数千个潜在的军事打击“目标”。他写道，这种技术将解决他所描述的“在定位新目标和批准目标的决策过程中存在的人为瓶颈”。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
2021 年，一本名为《人机团队：如何创造人类与人工智能之间的协同作用，从而彻底改变我们的世界》的书，以笔名“Y.S. 准将”以英文出版。在书中，作者——我们确认他是以色列精锐情报部队 8200 的现任指挥官——提出了设计一种特殊机器的主张，这种机器可以快速处理大量数据，从而在战争最激烈的时候生成数千个潜在的军事打击“目标”。他写道，这种技术将解决他所描述的“在定位新目标和批准目标的决策过程中存在的人为瓶颈”。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Such a machine, it turns out, actually exists. A new investigation by +972 Magazine and Local Call reveals that the Israeli army has developed an artificial intelligence-based program known as “Lavender,” unveiled here for the first time. According to six Israeli intelligence officers, who have all served in the army during the current war on the Gaza Strip and had first-hand involvement with the use of AI to generate targets for assassination, Lavender has played a central role in the unprecedented bombing of Palestinians, especially during the early stages of the war. In fact, according to the sources, its influence on the military’s operations was such that they essentially treated the outputs of the AI machine “as if it were a human decision.”
事实证明，这样的机器确实存在。《+972 》和《本地呼叫》的最新调查显示，以色列军队已经开发出一种基于人工智能的程序，名为“薰衣草”，这是该程序首次公开。据六名以色列情报官员称，薰衣草在针对巴勒斯坦人的史无前例的轰炸中发挥了核心作用，尤其是在战争初期。这六名情报官员在加沙地带当前的战争期间均在军队服役，并亲身参与了使用人工智能生成暗杀目标的工作。事实上，据消息人士称，它对军事行动的影响是如此之大，以至于他们基本上将人工智能机器的输出“视为人类的决定”。
事实证明，这样的机器确实存在。《+972 》和《本地呼叫》的最新调查显示，以色列军队已经开发出一种基于人工智能的程序，名为“薰衣草”，这是该程序首次公开。据六名以色列情报官员称，薰衣草在针对巴勒斯坦人的史无前例的轰炸中发挥了核心作用，尤其是在战争初期。这六名情报官员在加沙地带当前的战争期间均在军队服役，并亲身参与了使用人工智能生成暗杀目标的工作。事实上，据消息人士称，它对军事行动的影响是如此之大，以至于他们基本上将人工智能机器的输出“视为人类的决定”。
Formally, the Lavender system is designed to mark all suspected operatives in the military wings of Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), including low-ranking ones, as potential bombing targets. The sources told +972 and Local Call that, during the first weeks of the war, the army almost completely relied on Lavender, which clocked as many as 37,000 Palestinians as suspected militants — and their homes — for possible air strikes.
正式而言，“薰衣草”系统旨在将哈马斯和巴勒斯坦伊斯兰圣战组织（PIJ）军事部门的所有嫌疑人（包括低级别人员）标记为潜在的轰炸目标。消息人士告诉《+972 》和《本地呼叫》，在战争开始的最初几周，以色列军队几乎完全依赖“薰衣草”行动，该行动记录了多达 37,000 名巴勒斯坦人被怀疑为武装分子，以及他们的家园，以便实施可能的空袭。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
正式而言，“薰衣草”系统旨在将哈马斯和巴勒斯坦伊斯兰圣战组织（PIJ）军事部门的所有嫌疑人（包括低级别人员）标记为潜在的轰炸目标。消息人士告诉《+972 》和《本地呼叫》，在战争开始的最初几周，以色列军队几乎完全依赖“薰衣草”行动，该行动记录了多达 37,000 名巴勒斯坦人被怀疑为武装分子，以及他们的家园，以便实施可能的空袭。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
During the early stages of the war, the army gave sweeping approval for officers to adopt Lavender’s kill lists, with no requirement to thoroughly check why the machine made those choices or to examine the raw intelligence data on which they were based. One source stated that human personnel often served only as a “rubber stamp” for the machine’s decisions, adding that, normally, they would personally devote only about “20 seconds” to each target before authorizing a bombing — just to make sure the Lavender-marked target is male. This was despite knowing that the system makes what are regarded as “errors” in approximately 10 percent of cases, and is known to occasionally mark individuals who have merely a loose connection to militant groups, or no connection at all.
在战争初期，军队全面批准军官们采用薰衣草的杀戮名单，而不需要彻底检查机器做出这些选择的原因，或检查这些选择所依据的原始情报数据。一名消息人士称，人类人员通常只是充当机器决策的“橡皮图章”，并补充说，通常他们在授权轰炸之前只会亲自对每个目标花费大约“ 20 秒”的时间 - 只是为了确保标有“ 薰衣草”的目标是男性。尽管知道该系统在约 10% 的案件中会犯被视为“错误”的罪行，并且偶尔会标记与激进组织只有松散联系或根本没有联系的个人，但他们还是这样做了。
在战争初期，军队全面批准军官们采用薰衣草的杀戮名单，而不需要彻底检查机器做出这些选择的原因，或检查这些选择所依据的原始情报数据。一名消息人士称，人类人员通常只是充当机器决策的“橡皮图章”，并补充说，通常他们在授权轰炸之前只会亲自对每个目标花费大约“ 20 秒”的时间 - 只是为了确保标有“ 薰衣草”的目标是男性。尽管知道该系统在约 10% 的案件中会犯被视为“错误”的罪行，并且偶尔会标记与激进组织只有松散联系或根本没有联系的个人，但他们还是这样做了。
Moreover, the Israeli army systematically attacked the targeted individuals while they were in their homes — usually at night while their whole families were present — rather than during the course of military activity. According to the sources, this was because, from what they regarded as an intelligence standpoint, it was easier to locate the individuals in their private houses. Additional automated systems, including one called “Where’s Daddy?” also revealed here for the first time, were used specifically to track the targeted individuals and carry out bombings when they had entered their family’s residences.
此外，以色列军队有计划地在目标人物在家中时对他们进行攻击——通常是在晚上，他们的全家人都在场——而不是在军事活动期间。据消息人士称，这是因为从情报角度来看，在私人住宅中更容易找到目标人物。其他自动化系统，包括首次披露的“爸爸在哪？”系统，专门用于追踪目标个人，并在他们进入其家庭住所时实施爆炸。
此外，以色列军队有计划地在目标人物在家中时对他们进行攻击——通常是在晚上，他们的全家人都在场——而不是在军事活动期间。据消息人士称，这是因为从情报角度来看，在私人住宅中更容易找到目标人物。其他自动化系统，包括首次披露的“爸爸在哪？”系统，专门用于追踪目标个人，并在他们进入其家庭住所时实施爆炸。
The result, as the sources testified, is that thousands of Palestinians — most of them women and children or people who were not involved in the fighting — were wiped out by Israeli airstrikes, especially during the first weeks of the war, because of the AI program’s decisions.
结果，正如消息来源所证实的，由于人工智能程序的决定，数以千计的巴勒斯坦人——其中大多数是妇女和儿童或未参与战斗的人——在以色列空袭中被消灭，特别是在战争开始的最初几周。
结果，正如消息来源所证实的，由于人工智能程序的决定，数以千计的巴勒斯坦人——其中大多数是妇女和儿童或未参与战斗的人——在以色列空袭中被消灭，特别是在战争开始的最初几周。
“We were not interested in killing [Hamas] operatives only when they were in a military building or engaged in a military activity,” A., an intelligence officer, told +972 and Local Call. “On the contrary, the IDF bombed them in homes without hesitation, as a first option. It’s much easier to bomb a family’s home. The system is built to look for them in these situations.”
情报官员 A. ：“我们并不想只在哈马斯成员身处军事建筑或参与军事活动时才将其击毙。相反，以色列国防军会毫不犹豫地将轰炸他们的住宅作为首选。轰炸一个家庭的住宅要容易得多。该系统就是为在这种情况下寻找他们而建立的。”
情报官员 A. ：“我们并不想只在哈马斯成员身处军事建筑或参与军事活动时才将其击毙。相反，以色列国防军会毫不犹豫地将轰炸他们的住宅作为首选。轰炸一个家庭的住宅要容易得多。该系统就是为在这种情况下寻找他们而建立的。”
The Lavender machine joins another AI system, “The Gospel,” about which information was revealed in a previous investigation by +972 and Local Call in November 2023, as well as in the Israeli military’s own publications. A fundamental difference between the two systems is in the definition of the target: whereas The Gospel marks buildings and structures that the army claims militants operate from, Lavender marks people — and puts them on a kill list.
“薰衣草”机器加入了另一个人工智能系统“福音”，有关该系统的信息在 2023 年 11 月 《+972 》和《本地呼叫》 的先前调查中披露，以及以色列军方自己的出版物中也披露。这两个系统之间的根本区别在于目标的定义：“福音”标记军方声称武装分子行动的建筑物和结构，而 “薰衣草”标记人 — — 并将他们列入杀戮名单。
“薰衣草”机器加入了另一个人工智能系统“福音”，有关该系统的信息在 2023 年 11 月 《+972 》和《本地呼叫》 的先前调查中披露，以及以色列军方自己的出版物中也披露。这两个系统之间的根本区别在于目标的定义：“福音”标记军方声称武装分子行动的建筑物和结构，而 “薰衣草”标记人 — — 并将他们列入杀戮名单。
In addition, according to the sources, when it came to targeting alleged junior militants marked by Lavender, the army preferred to only use unguided missiles, commonly known as “dumb” bombs (in contrast to “smart” precision bombs), which can destroy entire buildings on top of their occupants and cause significant casualties. “You don’t want to waste expensive bombs on unimportant people — it’s very expensive for the country and there’s a shortage [of those bombs],” said C., one of the intelligence officers. Another source said that they had personally authorized the bombing of “hundreds” of private homes of alleged junior operatives marked by Lavender, with many of these attacks killing civilians and entire families as “collateral damage.”
此外，据消息人士透露，在针对被“薰衣草”标记的所谓初级武装分子时，军方倾向于只使用非制导导弹，俗称“哑弹”（相对于“智能”精确炸弹），这种导弹可以摧毁整座建筑物，炸毁其中的人员，并造成重大人员伤亡。“你不会想把昂贵的炸弹浪费在不重要的人身上——这对国家来说非常昂贵，而且 [这些炸弹] 短缺，”情报官员之一 C. 说。另一名消息人士称，他们亲自授权轰炸薰衣草标记的所谓初级特工的“数百”处私人住宅，其中许多袭击造成平民和整个家庭死亡，成为“附带损害”。
此外，据消息人士透露，在针对被“薰衣草”标记的所谓初级武装分子时，军方倾向于只使用非制导导弹，俗称“哑弹”（相对于“智能”精确炸弹），这种导弹可以摧毁整座建筑物，炸毁其中的人员，并造成重大人员伤亡。“你不会想把昂贵的炸弹浪费在不重要的人身上——这对国家来说非常昂贵，而且 [这些炸弹] 短缺，”情报官员之一 C. 说。另一名消息人士称，他们亲自授权轰炸薰衣草标记的所谓初级特工的“数百”处私人住宅，其中许多袭击造成平民和整个家庭死亡，成为“附带损害”。
In an unprecedented move, according to two of the sources, the army also decided during the first weeks of the war that, for every junior Hamas operative that Lavender marked, it was permissible to kill up to 15 or 20 civilians; in the past, the military did not authorize any “collateral damage” during assassinations of low-ranking militants. The sources added that, in the event that the target was a senior Hamas official with the rank of battalion or brigade commander, the army on several occasions authorized the killing of more than 100 civilians in the assassination of a single commander.
据两位消息人士透露，在战争开始的最初几周，军方还采取了前所未有的举措，决定每杀死一名薰衣草标记的哈马斯初级分子，就可以杀死最多 15 到 20 名平民；而在过去，军方不允许在暗杀低级别武装分子时造成任何“附带损害”。消息人士补充说，如果目标是哈马斯营长或旅长级别的高级官员，军方曾多次批准暗杀一名指挥官，同时杀害 100 多名平民。
据两位消息人士透露，在战争开始的最初几周，军方还采取了前所未有的举措，决定每杀死一名薰衣草标记的哈马斯初级分子，就可以杀死最多 15 到 20 名平民；而在过去，军方不允许在暗杀低级别武装分子时造成任何“附带损害”。消息人士补充说，如果目标是哈马斯营长或旅长级别的高级官员，军方曾多次批准暗杀一名指挥官，同时杀害 100 多名平民。
The following investigation is organized according to the six chronological stages of the Israeli army’s highly automated target production in the early weeks of the Gaza war. First, we explain the Lavender machine itself, which marked tens of thousands of Palestinians using AI. Second, we reveal the “Where’s Daddy?” system, which tracked these targets and signaled to the army when they entered their family homes. Third, we describe how “dumb” bombs were chosen to strike these homes.
以下调查按照加沙战争初期以色列军队高度自动化目标生产的六个时间顺序进行。首先，我们解释一下薰衣草机器本身，它使用人工智能标记了数以万计的巴勒斯坦人。其次，我们揭示了“爸爸在哪？”系统，该系统跟踪这些目标，并在他们进入家时向军队发出信号。第三，我们描述了如何选择“哑弹”来袭击这些房屋。
以下调查按照加沙战争初期以色列军队高度自动化目标生产的六个时间顺序进行。首先，我们解释一下薰衣草机器本身，它使用人工智能标记了数以万计的巴勒斯坦人。其次，我们揭示了“爸爸在哪？”系统，该系统跟踪这些目标，并在他们进入家时向军队发出信号。第三，我们描述了如何选择“哑弹”来袭击这些房屋。
Fourth, we explain how the army loosened the permitted number of civilians who could be killed during the bombing of a target. Fifth, we note how automated software inaccurately calculated the amount of non-combatants in each household. And sixth, we show how on several occasions, when a home was struck, usually at night, the individual target was sometimes not inside at all, because military officers did not verify the information in real time.
第四，我们解释军队如何放宽轰炸目标时可杀死的平民数量限制。第五，我们指出自动化软件如何错误地计算每个家庭中的非战斗人员数量。第六，我们展示了在几次袭击中，当一所房屋遭到袭击时（通常是在夜间），目标人物有时根本不在屋内，因为军官没有实时核实信息。
第四，我们解释军队如何放宽轰炸目标时可杀死的平民数量限制。第五，我们指出自动化软件如何错误地计算每个家庭中的非战斗人员数量。第六，我们展示了在几次袭击中，当一所房屋遭到袭击时（通常是在夜间），目标人物有时根本不在屋内，因为军官没有实时核实信息。
STEP 1: GENERATING TARGETS
‘Once you go automatic, target generation goes crazy’
In the Israeli army, the term “human target” referred in the past to a senior military operative who, according to the rules of the military’s International Law Department, can be killed in their private home even if there are civilians around. Intelligence sources told +972 and Local Call that during Israel’s previous wars, since this was an “especially brutal” way to kill someone — often by killing an entire family alongside the target — such human targets were marked very carefully and only senior military commanders were bombed in their homes, to maintain the principle of proportionality under international law.
步骤 1：制定目标
“一旦自动化，目标生成就会变得疯狂”
在以色列军队中，“人体目标”一词过去是指高级军事人员，根据军队国际法部门的规定，即使周围有平民，也可以在其私人住宅中被杀死。情报人员告诉《+972》和《本地呼叫》，在以色列之前的战争中，由于这是一种“特别残忍”的杀人方式——通常是在杀死目标的同时杀死整个家庭——所以这些人体目标都会被非常仔细地标记，只有高级军事指挥官才会在家中遭到轰炸，以维护国际法下的比例原则。
‘Once you go automatic, target generation goes crazy’
In the Israeli army, the term “human target” referred in the past to a senior military operative who, according to the rules of the military’s International Law Department, can be killed in their private home even if there are civilians around. Intelligence sources told +972 and Local Call that during Israel’s previous wars, since this was an “especially brutal” way to kill someone — often by killing an entire family alongside the target — such human targets were marked very carefully and only senior military commanders were bombed in their homes, to maintain the principle of proportionality under international law.
步骤 1：制定目标
“一旦自动化，目标生成就会变得疯狂”
在以色列军队中，“人体目标”一词过去是指高级军事人员，根据军队国际法部门的规定，即使周围有平民，也可以在其私人住宅中被杀死。情报人员告诉《+972》和《本地呼叫》，在以色列之前的战争中，由于这是一种“特别残忍”的杀人方式——通常是在杀死目标的同时杀死整个家庭——所以这些人体目标都会被非常仔细地标记，只有高级军事指挥官才会在家中遭到轰炸，以维护国际法下的比例原则。
But after October 7 — when Hamas-led militants launched a deadly assault on southern Israeli communities, killing around 1,200 people and abducting 240 — the army, the sources said, took a dramatically different approach. Under “Operation Iron Swords,” the army decided to designate all operatives of Hamas’ military wing as human targets, regardless of their rank or military importance. And that changed everything.
但消息人士称，10 月 7 日，哈马斯领导的武装分子对以色列南部社区发动致命袭击，造成约 1200 人死亡，240 人被绑架。此后，军队采取了截然不同的做法。在“铁剑行动”下，军队决定将所有哈马斯军事部门的人员指定为人体目标，无论他们的军衔或军事重要性如何。这改变了一切。
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但消息人士称，10 月 7 日，哈马斯领导的武装分子对以色列南部社区发动致命袭击，造成约 1200 人死亡，240 人被绑架。此后，军队采取了截然不同的做法。在“铁剑行动”下，军队决定将所有哈马斯军事部门的人员指定为人体目标，无论他们的军衔或军事重要性如何。这改变了一切。
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The new policy also posed a technical problem for Israeli intelligence. In previous wars, in order to authorize the assassination of a single human target, an officer had to go through a complex and lengthy “incrimination” process: cross-check evidence that the person was indeed a senior member of Hamas’ military wing, find out where he lived, his contact information, and finally know when he was home in real time. When the list of targets numbered only a few dozen senior operatives, intelligence personnel could individually handle the work involved in incriminating and locating them.
这项新政策也给以色列情报部门带来了技术问题。在以往的战争中，为了授权暗杀单个人类目标，军官必须经过复杂而漫长的“定罪”程序：核对证据以确认此人确实是哈马斯军事部门的高级成员，找出他的住处、联系方式，最后实时知道他何时回家。当目标名单上只有几十名高级特工时，情报人员可以单独处理对他们定罪和定位的工作。
这项新政策也给以色列情报部门带来了技术问题。在以往的战争中，为了授权暗杀单个人类目标，军官必须经过复杂而漫长的“定罪”程序：核对证据以确认此人确实是哈马斯军事部门的高级成员，找出他的住处、联系方式，最后实时知道他何时回家。当目标名单上只有几十名高级特工时，情报人员可以单独处理对他们定罪和定位的工作。
However, once the list was expanded to include tens of thousands of lower-ranking operatives, the Israeli army figured it had to rely on automated software and artificial intelligence. The result, the sources testify, was that the role of human personnel in incriminating Palestinians as military operatives was pushed aside, and AI did most of the work instead. According to four of the sources who spoke to +972 and Local Call, Lavender — which was developed to create human targets in the current war — has marked some 37,000 Palestinians as suspected “Hamas militants,” most of them junior, for assassination (the IDF Spokesperson denied the existence of such a kill list in a statement to +972 and Local Call).
然而，一旦名单扩大到包括数万名低级别特工，以色列军队就认为必须依靠自动化软件和人工智能。消息人士证实，结果是，人类在指控巴勒斯坦人为军事人员方面的作用被搁置一旁，而人工智能则完成了大部分工作。据四位接受采访的消息人士透露，薰衣草——一种在当前战争中为制造人体目标而开发的武器——已经将大约 37000 名巴勒斯坦人标记为可疑的“哈马斯武装分子”，其中大多数是初级军官，以便进行暗杀（以色列国防军发言人在接受采访时否认了存在这样的暗杀名单）。
然而，一旦名单扩大到包括数万名低级别特工，以色列军队就认为必须依靠自动化软件和人工智能。消息人士证实，结果是，人类在指控巴勒斯坦人为军事人员方面的作用被搁置一旁，而人工智能则完成了大部分工作。据四位接受采访的消息人士透露，薰衣草——一种在当前战争中为制造人体目标而开发的武器——已经将大约 37000 名巴勒斯坦人标记为可疑的“哈马斯武装分子”，其中大多数是初级军官，以便进行暗杀（以色列国防军发言人在接受采访时否认了存在这样的暗杀名单）。
“We didn’t know who the junior operatives were, because Israel didn’t track them routinely [before the war],” explained senior officer B. to +972 and Local Call, illuminating the reason behind the development of this particular target machine for the current war. “They wanted to allow us to attack [the junior operatives] automatically. That’s the Holy Grail. Once you go automatic, target generation goes crazy.”
“我们不知道初级特工是谁，因为以色列在战争前没有定期跟踪他们，”高级军官 B. 向《+972》和《本地呼叫》解释道，阐明了为当前战争开发这种特定目标机器的原因。“他们想让我们自动攻击 [初级特工]。这就是圣杯。一旦你采用自动模式，目标生成就会变得疯狂起来。”
“我们不知道初级特工是谁，因为以色列在战争前没有定期跟踪他们，”高级军官 B. 向《+972》和《本地呼叫》解释道，阐明了为当前战争开发这种特定目标机器的原因。“他们想让我们自动攻击 [初级特工]。这就是圣杯。一旦你采用自动模式，目标生成就会变得疯狂起来。”
The sources said that the approval to automatically adopt Lavender’s kill lists, which had previously been used only as an auxiliary tool, was granted about two weeks into the war, after intelligence personnel “manually” checked the accuracy of a random sample of several hundred targets sexted by the AI system. When that sample found that Lavender’s results had reached 90 percent accuracy in identifying an individual’s affiliation with Hamas, the army authorized the sweeping use of the system. From that moment, sources said that if Lavender decided an individual was a militant in Hamas, they were essentially asked to treat that as an order, with no requirement to independently check why the machine made that choice or to examine the raw intelligence data on which it is based.
消息人士称，在战争开始大约两周后，情报人员“手动”检查了人工智能系统随机选择的数百个目标样本的准确性，批准自动采用薰衣草的杀戮名单，而此前该名单仅被用作辅助工具。当样本检测结果显示，薰衣草的检测结果在识别个人与哈马斯的关系方面达到了 90% 的准确率时，军方授权全面使用该系统。消息人士称，从那一刻起，如果薰衣草认定某人是哈马斯武装分子，他们基本上就被要求将其视为命令，而不需要独立检查机器做出这一选择的原因，或检查其所依据的原始情报数据。
消息人士称，在战争开始大约两周后，情报人员“手动”检查了人工智能系统随机选择的数百个目标样本的准确性，批准自动采用薰衣草的杀戮名单，而此前该名单仅被用作辅助工具。当样本检测结果显示，薰衣草的检测结果在识别个人与哈马斯的关系方面达到了 90% 的准确率时，军方授权全面使用该系统。消息人士称，从那一刻起，如果薰衣草认定某人是哈马斯武装分子，他们基本上就被要求将其视为命令，而不需要独立检查机器做出这一选择的原因，或检查其所依据的原始情报数据。
“At 5 a.m., [the air force] would come and bomb all the houses that we had marked,” B. said. “We took out thousands of people. We didn’t go through them one by one — we put everything into automated systems, and as soon as one of [the marked individuals] was at home, he immediately became a target. We bombed him and his house.”
“早上 5 点，[空军] 就会飞来轰炸我们标记的所有房屋，”B. 说。“我们消灭了数千人。我们并没有逐一检查，而是将所有信息都输入到自动化系统中，只要 [被标记的人] 回到家，他就会立即成为目标。我们轰炸了他和他的房子。”
“早上 5 点，[空军] 就会飞来轰炸我们标记的所有房屋，”B. 说。“我们消灭了数千人。我们并没有逐一检查，而是将所有信息都输入到自动化系统中，只要 [被标记的人] 回到家，他就会立即成为目标。我们轰炸了他和他的房子。”
“It was very surprising for me that we were asked to bomb a house to kill a ground soldier, whose importance in the fighting was so low,” said one source about the use of AI to mark alleged low-ranking militants. “I nicknamed those targets ‘garbage targets.’ Still, I found them more ethical than the targets that we bombed just for ‘deterrence’ — highrises that are evacuated and toppled just to cause destruction.”
“我非常惊讶，我们竟然被要求轰炸一所房子，以杀死一名地面士兵，而这名士兵在战斗中的重要性如此之低，”一位消息人士谈到使用人工智能标记所谓的低级别武装分子时说道。“我把这些目标昵称为‘垃圾目标’。不过，我发现它们比我们仅仅为了‘威慑’而轰炸的目标更合乎道德——那些被疏散并推倒的高楼只是为了造成破坏。”
“我非常惊讶，我们竟然被要求轰炸一所房子，以杀死一名地面士兵，而这名士兵在战斗中的重要性如此之低，”一位消息人士谈到使用人工智能标记所谓的低级别武装分子时说道。“我把这些目标昵称为‘垃圾目标’。不过，我发现它们比我们仅仅为了‘威慑’而轰炸的目标更合乎道德——那些被疏散并推倒的高楼只是为了造成破坏。”
The deadly results of this loosening of restrictions in the early stage of the war were staggering. According to data from the Palestinian Health Ministry in Gaza, on which the Israeli army has relied almost exclusively since the beginning of the war, Israel killed some 15,000 Palestinians — almost half of the death toll so far — in the first six weeks of the war, up until a week-long ceasefire was agreed on Nov. 24.
战争初期放松限制的后果令人震惊。根据加沙巴勒斯坦卫生部的数据，以色列军队自战争开始以来几乎完全依赖该部门的数据，在战争开始后的前六周，直到 11 月 24 日达成为期一周的停火协议，以色列杀死了大约 15,000 名巴勒斯坦人，几乎占迄今为止死亡人数的一半。
战争初期放松限制的后果令人震惊。根据加沙巴勒斯坦卫生部的数据，以色列军队自战争开始以来几乎完全依赖该部门的数据，在战争开始后的前六周，直到 11 月 24 日达成为期一周的停火协议，以色列杀死了大约 15,000 名巴勒斯坦人，几乎占迄今为止死亡人数的一半。
‘The more information and variety, the better’
The Lavender software analyzes information collected on most of the 2.3 million residents of the Gaza Strip through a system of mass surveillance, then assesses and ranks the likelihood that each particular person is active in the military wing of Hamas or PIJ. According to sources, the machine gives almost every single person in Gaza a rating from 1 to 100, expressing how likely it is that they are a militant.
“信息越多、种类越多越好”
薰衣草软件通过大规模监控系统分析了加沙地带 230 万居民的大多数信息，然后评估并排列每个人在哈马斯或 PIJ 军事部门活跃的可能性。据消息人士称，该机器几乎给加沙的每个人打了 1 到 100 的分数，表示他们成为武装分子的可能性有多大。
The Lavender software analyzes information collected on most of the 2.3 million residents of the Gaza Strip through a system of mass surveillance, then assesses and ranks the likelihood that each particular person is active in the military wing of Hamas or PIJ. According to sources, the machine gives almost every single person in Gaza a rating from 1 to 100, expressing how likely it is that they are a militant.
“信息越多、种类越多越好”
薰衣草软件通过大规模监控系统分析了加沙地带 230 万居民的大多数信息，然后评估并排列每个人在哈马斯或 PIJ 军事部门活跃的可能性。据消息人士称，该机器几乎给加沙的每个人打了 1 到 100 的分数，表示他们成为武装分子的可能性有多大。
Lavender learns to identify characteristics of known Hamas and PIJ operatives, whose information was fed to the machine as training data, and then to locate these same characteristics — also called “features” — among the general population, the sources explained. An individual found to have several different incriminating features will reach a high rating, and thus automatically becomes a potential target for assassination.
消息人士解释道，薰衣草会学习识别已知哈马斯和 PIJ 特工的特征，这些特工的信息会作为训练数据输入到机器中，然后在普通人群中找出这些相同的特征（也称为“特征”）。如果一个人被发现具有几种不同的罪证特征，那么他将获得高评级，从而自动成为暗杀的潜在目标。
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消息人士解释道，薰衣草会学习识别已知哈马斯和 PIJ 特工的特征，这些特工的信息会作为训练数据输入到机器中，然后在普通人群中找出这些相同的特征（也称为“特征”）。如果一个人被发现具有几种不同的罪证特征，那么他将获得高评级，从而自动成为暗杀的潜在目标。
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In “The Human-Machine Team,” the book referenced at the beginning of this article, the current commander of Unit 8200 advocates for such a system without referencing Lavender by name. (The commander himself also isn’t named, but five sources in 8200 confirmed that the commander is the author, as reported also by Haaretz.) Describing human personnel as a “bottleneck” that limits the army’s capacity during a military operation, the commander laments: “We [humans] cannot process so much information. It doesn’t matter how many people you have tasked to produce targets during the war — you still cannot produce enough targets per day.”
在本文开头提到的《人机团队》一书中，8200 部队现任指挥官提倡建立这种系统，但没有提到薰衣草的名字。（指挥官本人也没有透露姓名，但 8200 部队的五个消息来源证实指挥官是作者，《国土报》也报道了这一点。）这位指挥官将人力描述为限制军队在军事行动中能力的“瓶颈”，他哀叹道：“我们（人类）无法处理如此多的信息。无论你在战争期间派出多少人来制造目标，你仍然无法每天制造足够的目标。”
在本文开头提到的《人机团队》一书中，8200 部队现任指挥官提倡建立这种系统，但没有提到薰衣草的名字。（指挥官本人也没有透露姓名，但 8200 部队的五个消息来源证实指挥官是作者，《国土报》也报道了这一点。）这位指挥官将人力描述为限制军队在军事行动中能力的“瓶颈”，他哀叹道：“我们（人类）无法处理如此多的信息。无论你在战争期间派出多少人来制造目标，你仍然无法每天制造足够的目标。”
The solution to this problem, he says, is artificial intelligence. The book offers a short guide to building a “target machine,” similar in descxtion to Lavender, based on AI and machine-learning algorithms. Included in this guide are several examples of the “hundreds and thousands” of features that can increase an individual’s rating, such as being in a Whatsapp group with a known militant, changing cell phone every few months, and changing addresses frequently.
他说，解决这个问题的办法是人工智能。这本书提供了构建“目标机器”的简短指南，其描述与“薰衣草”类似，基于人工智能和机器学习算法。该指南中列举了数百上千种可以提高个人评级的特征的几个例子，例如与已知激进分子加入 Whatsapp 群组、每隔几个月更换手机以及经常更改地址。
他说，解决这个问题的办法是人工智能。这本书提供了构建“目标机器”的简短指南，其描述与“薰衣草”类似，基于人工智能和机器学习算法。该指南中列举了数百上千种可以提高个人评级的特征的几个例子，例如与已知激进分子加入 Whatsapp 群组、每隔几个月更换手机以及经常更改地址。
“The more information, and the more variety, the better,” the commander writes. “Visual information, cellular information, social media connections, battlefield information, phone contacts, photos.” While humans sext these features at first, the commander continues, over time the machine will come to identify features on its own. This, he says, can enable militaries to create “tens of thousands of targets,” while the actual decision as to whether or not to attack them will remain a human one.
“信息越多，种类越多越好，”指挥官写道。“视觉信息、蜂窝信息、社交媒体连接、战场信息、电话联系人、照片。”指挥官继续说，虽然最初是由人类选择这些特征，但随着时间的推移，机器将自行识别这些特征。他说，这可以让军队创建“数以万计的目标”，而是否攻击这些目标的实际决定仍将由人类决定。
“信息越多，种类越多越好，”指挥官写道。“视觉信息、蜂窝信息、社交媒体连接、战场信息、电话联系人、照片。”指挥官继续说，虽然最初是由人类选择这些特征，但随着时间的推移，机器将自行识别这些特征。他说，这可以让军队创建“数以万计的目标”，而是否攻击这些目标的实际决定仍将由人类决定。
The book isn’t the only time a senior Israeli commander hinted at the existence of human target machines like Lavender. +972 and Local Call have obtained footage of a private lecture given by the commander of Unit 8200’s secretive Data Science and AI center, “Col. Yoav,” at Tel Aviv University’s AI week in 2023, which was reported on at the time in the Israeli media.
这本书并不是以色列高级指挥官唯一一次暗示像薰衣草这样的人类目标机器的存在。当地媒体 获得了 8200 部队秘密数据科学和人工智能中心指挥官“约夫上校”在 2023 年特拉维夫大学人工智能周上发表私人演讲的录像，当时以色列媒体对此进行了报道。
这本书并不是以色列高级指挥官唯一一次暗示像薰衣草这样的人类目标机器的存在。当地媒体 获得了 8200 部队秘密数据科学和人工智能中心指挥官“约夫上校”在 2023 年特拉维夫大学人工智能周上发表私人演讲的录像，当时以色列媒体对此进行了报道。
In the lecture, the commander speaks about a new, sophisticated target machine used by the Israeli army that detects “dangerous people” based on their likeness to existing lists of known militants on which it was trained. “Using the system, we managed to identify Hamas missile squad commanders,” “Col. Yoav” said in the lecture, referring to Israel’s May 2021 military operation in Gaza, when the machine was used for the first time.
在讲座中，指挥官介绍了以色列军队使用的一种新型先进靶机，该机器可以根据训练对象与现有的已知武装分子名单的相似性来检测“危险人物”。
“通过该系统，我们成功识别了哈马斯导弹小队的指挥官，”约阿夫上校在讲座中说道，他指的是以色列 2021 年 5 月在加沙的军事行动，当时该机器首次投入使用。
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在讲座中，指挥官介绍了以色列军队使用的一种新型先进靶机，该机器可以根据训练对象与现有的已知武装分子名单的相似性来检测“危险人物”。
“通过该系统，我们成功识别了哈马斯导弹小队的指挥官，”约阿夫上校在讲座中说道，他指的是以色列 2021 年 5 月在加沙的军事行动，当时该机器首次投入使用。
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The lecture presentation slides, also obtained by +972 and Local Call, contain illustrations of how the machine works: it is fed data about existing Hamas operatives, it learns to notice their features, and then it rates other Palestinians based on how similar they are to the militants.
当地媒体也获得了讲座演示幻灯片，其中说明了该机器的工作原理：向机器输入现有哈马斯成员的数据，让它学会注意他们的特征，然后根据其他巴勒斯坦人与武装分子的相似程度对其进行评级。
当地媒体也获得了讲座演示幻灯片，其中说明了该机器的工作原理：向机器输入现有哈马斯成员的数据，让它学会注意他们的特征，然后根据其他巴勒斯坦人与武装分子的相似程度对其进行评级。
“We rank the results and determine the threshold [at which to attack a target],” “Col. Yoav” said in the lecture, emphasizing that “eventually, people of flesh and blood take the decisions. In the defense realm, ethically speaking, we put a lot of emphasis on this. These tools are meant to help [intelligence officers] break their barriers.”
“我们对结果进行排序，并确定 [攻击目标的] 门槛，”约阿夫上校在讲座中说道，并强调“最终，有血有肉的人会做出决定。在国防领域，从道德上讲，我们非常重视这一点。这些工具旨在帮助 [情报人员] 突破他们的障碍。”
“我们对结果进行排序，并确定 [攻击目标的] 门槛，”约阿夫上校在讲座中说道，并强调“最终，有血有肉的人会做出决定。在国防领域，从道德上讲，我们非常重视这一点。这些工具旨在帮助 [情报人员] 突破他们的障碍。”
In practice, however, sources who have used Lavender in recent months say human agency and precision were substituted by mass target creation and lethality.
然而，在实践中，近几个月使用过“薰衣草”的消息人士表示，人类的行动和精确度已被大规模目标创造和杀伤力所取代。
然而，在实践中，近几个月使用过“薰衣草”的消息人士表示，人类的行动和精确度已被大规模目标创造和杀伤力所取代。
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原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
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