灵丹妙药:司美格鲁肽将如何提高人类的生活质量?
2024-11-16 chinawungbo2 4527
正文翻译

Every day seems to bring more exciting news. First the drugs tackled diabetes. Then, with just an injection a week, they took on obesity. Now they are being found to treat cardiovascular and kidney disease, and are being tested for Alzheimer’s and addiction. It is early days yet, but glp-1 receptor agonists have all the makings of one of the most successful classes of drugs in history. As they become cheaper and easier to use, they promise to dramatically improve the lives of more than a billion people—with profound consequences for industry, the economy and society.

似乎每天都有更多振奋人心的消息。这些药物最初用于治疗糖尿病,后来发现每周只需注射一次可以减肥,现在发现可以治疗心血管和肾脏疾病,并且正在进行旨在治疗阿尔茨海默病和成瘾的试验。虽然只是初期阶段,但GLP-1受体激动剂堪称有史以来最成功的一类药物。随着价格越来越便宜和更易使用,它们有望显著改善数十亿人的生活,对工业、经济、社会产生深远的影响。

In the three years since semaglutide was approved for treating obesity, it has taken America by storm. After decades of disappointing “miracle cures”, these drugs work. Image-conscious influencers and well-heeled financiers are not their only users. Already one in eight American adults has been on glp-1 drugs. Novo Nordisk, maker of semaglutide, branded Ozempic for diabetes and Wegovy for weight loss, and Eli Lilly, which makes tirzepatide, a more effective alternative, have together added around $1trn in market value since 2021.

自从三年前司美格鲁肽获准用于治疗肥胖症以来,这种药物迅速风靡美国。在“神奇疗法”令人失望数十年后,这些药物见效了。注重形象的网红和阔绰的金融家并不是唯一的用户,目前已有八分之一的美国成年人在使用GLP-1药物。司美格鲁肽由诺和诺德公司生产,用于治疗糖尿病和减肥的品牌名分别为诺和泰(Ozempic)、诺和盈(Wegovy)。替尔泊肽由礼来公司生产,具有更显著的功效。自2021年以来,两家公司的市值总共增加了约1万亿美元。

The action is now moving beyond America. With over two-fifths of the world overweight or obese, demand for glp-1 drugs is voracious. Pharma companies are racing to make them work as pills, which would be cheaper to produce than jabs, and to reduce their side-effects. Generic versions for older glp-1 agonists are entering the market. Semaglutide is to come off patent in Brazil, China and India in 2026; eight such drugs are in the works in China. That is just as well. As incomes in the developing world have risen and life has become more sedentary, people’s waistlines are catching up with those in the West.

这一趋势正在向美国以外的地区蔓延。全球有超过五分之二的人超重或肥胖,GLP-1药物的市场需求是巨大的。制药企业正在争相将其制成片剂,使生产成本低于注射液,并减少副作用。非专利的旧版GLP-1受体激动剂正在进入市场。司美格鲁肽在巴西、中国、印度的专利将于2026年到期;中国正在研发八种此类药物。这样也好,随着发展中国家收入的提高,生活方式日益趋向久坐不动,人们的腰围正在接近西方人的水平。

Curbing obesity would be consequential. Yet glp-1 drugs promise to do much more. Overweight patients on semaglutide have been found to suffer fewer heart attacks and strokes; the benefits, astonishingly, seem to be largely independent of how much weight is lost. Tirzepatide improves sleep apnoea. Trials show that glp-1 agonists reduce chronic kidney disease in diabetics; and there are signs they may lessen brain shrinkage and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s. Studies of health records suggest that they may help with addictions, too; people already on glp-1 drugs in America were less likely to overdose on opioids or abuse cannabis or alcohol. Researchers are even talking, in hushed tones, of their anti-ageing effects.

减肥具有重要意义,但GLP-1药物可能还有其他功效。研究表明,使用司美格鲁肽的超重患者在心脏病发作和中风方面的风险显著降低。令人惊讶的是,这些益处似乎与减肥没什么关系。替尔泊肽可以改善睡眠呼吸暂停。试验证明,GLP-1受体激动剂能够降低糖尿病患者的慢性肾病发生率;有迹象表明,这种药物可能减轻阿尔茨海默氏症患者的大脑萎缩和认知能力下降。医疗记录研究显示,它们还可能有助于戒除成瘾。在美国,使用GLP-1药物的患者不容易过量服用阿片类药物、滥用大麻、酗酒。研究人员甚至私下议论抗衰老功效。

How can one class of drug do so much? As our briefing explains this week, not only do the drugs act in the gut, but they also bind to receptors all over the body and in the brain. The drugs appear to reduce inflammation and interact with mechanisms lixed to cravings and feelings of reward. With every new finding, researchers are learning more about the workings of disease and the lixs between the body and the brain.

一种药物为何有这么多功效?正如我们本周的简报栏目所阐述的,这些药物不仅在肠道中发挥作用,而且与全身和大脑中的受体相结合。这种药物似乎能减少炎症,并与欲望和奖赏效应相关的机制相互作用。每有一项新发现,研究人员就能进一步了解疾病机制以及人体与大脑之间的关联。

Naturally, more work is needed. Although glp-1 agonists have been used in diabetes for 20 years, some of the newer findings are based on observational studies, and will need to be supplemented by randomised trials. Patients may need to remain on these medicines for their whole lives, and their long-term benefits have yet to be quantified.

当然,有必要进行更多的研究。虽然GLP-1受体激动剂用于治疗糖尿病已有20年,但有些新发现是基于观察性研究,需要随机试验作为补充。患者可能需要终生服用这些药物,长期功效有待于量化。

That makes the costs uncertain, too. For now the drugs are expensive: tirzepatide is priced at over $500 a month in America. Their immediate side-effects, which can include nausea, pancreatitis, diarrhoea and muscle loss, may be off-putting; the effects from decades of taking them are uncertain. Some worry about the medicalisation of everyday life, and whether people will binge, knowing they can fall back on a cure.

这也使得治疗费变得不确定。目前这种药物价格昂贵:在美国服用替尔泊肽的每月费用超过500美元。即刻发生的副作用可能令人反感,包括恶心、胰腺炎、腹泻、肌肉流失。服药数十年的影响尚不明确。有人担心日常生活变得医疗化,人们是否会因为知道可以依靠药物而暴饮暴食。

Yet with time, experimentation and innovation, the benefits will become clearer, and the costs will come down. Healthy habits and good public-health advice will still matter. But practitioners have long despaired that nothing works for many obese people. If the drugs live up to their early promise, it would be perverse and cruel to deprive patients of medicines that could dramatically improve their lives. The drugs could hold the same promise for addiction.

但随着时间的推移和更多的试验和创新,益处将变得明朗,费用也会下降。健康的生活习惯和良好的公共卫生建议仍然很重要。但医生一直对无法医治许多肥胖者而感到绝望。如果这些药物能达到预期疗效,那么拒绝患者使用可以极大提高生活质量的药物是残忍和没有道理的。这些药物对成瘾可能也有疗效。

Stand back and the possibilities are thrilling. In 2019 heart disease, stroke, diabetes, Alzheimer’s and kidney disease ranked among the top ten global causes of death. By 2050, as the world ages and developing countries’ health care improves, these diseases will take a bigger toll. Last year more than 100,000 Americans were killed by opioid overdoses and 180,000 died from drink.

重新审视一下,这些药物的潜力振奋人心。2019年,心脏病、中风、糖尿病、阿尔茨海默病、肾病位列全球十大死因。到2050年,随着世界老龄化和发展中国家医疗条件的改善,这些疾病将导致更多人死亡。去年,超过10万名美国人因过量服用阿片类药物而死亡,18万人因酗酒而死亡。

For patients, the new uses of glp-1 drugs would mean not just longer, healthier and more productive lives, but happier ones, too. In a world of abundance people succumb to their impulses even if they know their behaviour is harmful in the long term. Although glp-1 agonists may limit the pleasure of instant gratification, they promise to end intrusive cravings and improve long-term health.

对于患者来说,GLP-1药物的新用途不仅意味着更长寿、更健康、更充实的生活,也意味着更幸福的生活。在一个物质充裕的时代,即使人们知道自己的行为从长远角度有害健康,他们还是会屈从内心的冲动。虽然GLP-1受体激动剂可能限制人们及时行乐,但它们有望消除令人烦恼的欲望,改善长期健康。

The total bill for prescribing these drugs could be vast. Yet for governments they would lower some other costs: the direct medical bill for obesity alone amounts to $260bn a year in America; substance abuse is a huge burden for the criminal-justice system. The state would raise less revenue from taxes on alcohol, but income-tax revenues would go up, as the workforce became healthier.

开这些药物的总费用可能很大,但能为政府减少其他开支:在美国,光是肥胖症的直接医疗费用每年就高达2600亿美元;药物滥用给刑事司法系统造成了沉重负担。政府的酒税收入将会减少,但随着劳动力变得更加健康,所得税收入将会增加。

Less is moreish

越少越好

Rather as the contraceptive pill encouraged women to stay in education and work, so glp-1 drugs could lead to profound economic and social change by enhancing productivity and freedom. Some business models could be upended. If craving can be controlled, junk-food companies, advertisers and even drug-dealers may shift their focus from quantity to quality.

正如避孕药激励女性继续接受教育和工作,GLP-1药物可能通过提升生产力和自由而引发深刻的经济和社会变革。一些商业模式可能被颠覆,如果欲望可以被控制,那么垃圾食品企业、广告商、甚至毒贩可能注重质量,而不是数量。

Social mores could evolve. In the West thinness is prized as the ideal of beauty, because for so many it is hard-won, whereas obese people suffer discrimination and lower wages. If being thin is easier, that may change. Obesity and addiction may less often be seen as moral failings, but as illnesses that can be treated. The glp-1 revolution is just beginning. Its promise is tantalising.

社会习俗可能逐渐发生变化。西方国家以瘦为美,因为许多人不易实现这个目标,而肥胖者则遭受歧视,工资也较低。如果轻松就能变瘦,情况就可能发生改变。肥胖和成瘾可能不再被经常视为道德沦丧,而是可以治疗的疾病。GLP-1革命才刚刚开始,前景诱人。

评论翻译
网友评论

@angelina-po7hq
As someone who works in a pharmacy, I have seen how this hurts many patients who need this medication to control their diabetes. For almost 3 months straight we could barely receive this drug to dispense due to the unexpected increase in demand. I completely understand the want to lose weight and ozempic does help with this, but people with diabetes need medications like these to live their lives.

作为药房工作人员,我看到这给许多需要这种药物来控制糖尿病的患者造成了损害。由于需求突然增加,我们几乎连续三个月进不来这种药物开给患者。我完全理解他们减肥的愿望,诺和泰有助于减肥,但糖尿病患者需要这样的药物活下去。
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@akersmc
Banning processed food today wouldn't do much to help people who are already obese. The damage has already been done to their brains and bodies where their body will fight tooth and nail through food cravings and slower metabolism to not lose the weight they already have. Even in a world where we Thanos snapped all processed food out of existence many if not most obese people would need medical (drugs or surgery) help to lose weight and keep it off long term.

对于已经肥胖的人来说,现在禁止加工食品没有太大帮助。他们的大脑和身体已经受损,身体会通过食欲和较慢的新陈代谢来极力阻止减肥。即使我们像“灭霸”一样消灭所有的加工食品,许多肥胖者(可能不是大多数)仍然需要医疗帮助(药物或手术)来减肥,并长期防止反弹。
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@OrianaZ5
I was diagnosed type 2 on October '22 with an aic of 7.2 and I weighed 240 lbs. I was started on Mounjaro and lost twenty pounds over two months. Due to insurance not covering anymore I was switched over to ozempic and although the weight loss is slower my recent aic as of March 10 is now 5.6! I needed help with controlling my hunger and cravings and this definitely helped with that. Yes you still have to eat right and exercise to really see the benefits. As of today I'm 203 lbs (slow but steady). Ozempic and other drugs like it have made a huge difference.

我于2022年10月被诊断为2型糖尿病,糖化血红蛋白值是7.2,体重240 磅。我开始使用替尔泊肽,两个月减掉了二十磅。由于保险不再报销该药物,我改用诺和泰,虽然减肥速度慢了些,但截至3月10日,我现在的糖化血红蛋白值是5.6!我需要帮助来控制饥饿感和食欲,这种药物绝对有帮助。没错,你仍然需要合理饮食和运动才能见效。我现在的体重是203磅(缓慢但稳定)。诺和泰这类药物带来了革命性变化。
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@bria1660
I was prescribed Ozempic for diabetes 2. I loved it because I no longer had to take 3 pills a day. The side effects for me were horrible ..stomach pains, gas, diarrhea, constant burping, heartburn ..but I did lose 15 pounds in 2 months. My Doctor took me off medication because it also had negative impact on my kidney functions. The downside was as soon as I stopped using the medication, my food cravings came back and I gained all the weight back within 4 weeks.

医生给我开了诺和泰用于治疗2型糖尿病。我很喜欢,因为不必每天吃三片药了。给我带来的副作用很可怕:胃痛、胀气、腹泻、不断打嗝、烧心……但我两个月真的减掉了15磅。医生让我停药,因为它对我的肾功能也有不良反应。缺点是我停药后立刻恢复了食欲,体重在4周内全部反弹回去了。

@JR-90
Maybe if you changed your eating habits, this wouldn’t have happened. It doesn’t matter if you take something like this and lose weight, if you’re gonna keep eating junk food afterwards.

如果你改变饮食习惯,也许就不会发生这种情况。如果你继续吃垃圾食品,那么吃药减肥也无济于事。

@supergg07
I have been taking Ozempic for a while I’m over the side effects and I have lost 50 pounds. I am at a standstill though with the weight loss but that’s OK for now. I have chronic kidney disease and it has never did anything to hurt my kidneys in fact with that, and my pill I take, my kidney functions have been going up

我使用诺和泰已有一段时间了,已经克服了副作用,体重减轻了50磅。虽然体重停止下降了,但现在已经很好了。我患有慢性肾病,这种药物完全没有损害我的肾脏,其实使用这种药物和治疗肾病的药物,肾功能反而得到了改善。
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@rosethompson1983
I used to be 280 pounds, going blind due to a rare obesity complication called Intercranial Hypertension, but was able to take Ozempic for just 4 months and for the first time in my life felt full. I’ve kept up the initial weight loss and so far lost 80 pounds. Without this medication, I believe without a doubt I would be blind in my left eye by now.

我以前体重280磅,由于一种名为颅内高压症的罕见肥胖并发症而失明,但我只用了4个月的诺和泰,有生以来第一次有了饱腹感。我一直坚持最初的减肥计划,至今已经减掉80磅。如果没有这种药物,现在我的左眼已经失明了,这是毫无疑问的。

@8antipode9
I have type 2 diabetes but I am far from obese, and my doctor put me on Ozempic for a while. It did a good job with what it's supposed to do, but I HAD to stop. I was felt nauseated CONSTANTLY and I finally decided that life on Ozempic wasn't worth it. Those side effects are just too much.

我患有2型糖尿病,但根本不肥胖,医生让我用了一段时间诺和泰。药物达到了预期疗效,但我不得不停药。我一直感到恶心,最终决定不能依靠诺和泰活下去,不值得,副作用实在太大了。

@Jerguu
I want to point out that this drug has been a game changer for several people I know in terms of weight loss. It's not just a few pounds - we're talking about 40-50 pounds on someone who used to be 200-210 pounds. It's a life changing amount that suddenly takes a lot of load off your body.

我要指出的是,在减肥方面,这种药物给我认识的几个人带来了革命性变化。不是减了仅仅几磅,而是原先体重200-210磅的人减了40-50磅,这样的幅度足以改变人生,让你的身体一下子如释重负。

@SilkCrown
Weight loss is not a trivial or superficial desire, it is a medical need that can drastically improve people's lives and save lives. We should not be pitting T2D against obesity, we should be asking for additional production of this drug.

减肥不是微不足道或肤浅的愿望,而是可以极大改善生活质量和挽救生命的医疗需求。我们不应该把2型糖尿病与肥胖对立起来,而应该呼吁增加这种药物的产量。

@jessicasadler3460
Semaglutide has been a game changer for me, currently I am down 71 pounds and almost to my goal with 34 pounds to go! I have tried for years to loose weight but struggled. With being able to loose weight I have more energy to exercise.

司美格鲁肽给我带来了革命性变化,目前我减重了71磅,距离目标还有34磅!多年来我一直试图减肥,但收效甚微。由于能够减肥,我锻炼的劲头更足了。

@ayarel01
Vox, I’m disappointed that the abuse of this drug by Hollywood and influencers for a “quick-fix” to weight loss wasn’t emphasized as much as it should be. I have a family member that is dependent on it to stay healthy, yet shortages are making it difficult for them to obtain and afford it. And what about the long-term side effects for those just wanting to drop weight quickly? This video should have been a lot more cautionary.

沃克斯,好莱坞明星和网红滥用这种药物进行“速效”减肥,却没有得到应有的重视,这令我感到失望。我有个亲戚依靠这种药物来保持健康,但药物短缺使他难以买到和负担得起这种药物。而且,这种药物对于只想快速减肥的人会有哪些长期的副作用?这段视频应该倍加谨慎。

@somerandomfella
In Australia diabetics are missing out on this medication due to the weight loss crowd creating shortages.

在澳大利亚,由于减肥群体造成药物短缺,糖尿病患者错过了这种药物。

@zXPeterz14
Imagine being so lazy that you would rather take a diabetic’s medication instead of eat less and move more

想想看,你宁愿服用糖尿病药物,也不愿少吃多动,这也太懒了。

@PhilfreezeCH
did you watch the video? You still need to do that, semaglutide just makes it easier through things like supressing appetite and so on. It helps you to eat less.

你看这个视频了吗?药物还是必要的,司美格鲁肽确实能让抑制食欲等事情变得更容易,它有助于你少吃。

@stevesute
I don't know how, it's been I stock the last month now in Perth Australia but even with a prescxtion they won't give it to you unless you have diabetes, my wife has a prescxtion from her doctor for weight loss and so far 30 chemists we went to say ok no problem it's in the fridge then they check the the paper a bit more and say err no and just hand it back

我不知道怎么回事,上个月这种药物在澳大利亚珀斯还有货,但就算有处方,他们也不给你开,除非你患有糖尿病。我妻子有医生开的减肥处方,至今我们打听过30家药房,他们都说:“没问题,冷藏柜里有货”,但他们进一步检查了处方后说:“弄错了,没有货”,然后就把处方单递回来了。
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@sandrah5405
Why are you blaming other people who want to take a drug that benefits their lives? Why not put the blame on the companies who are failing to keep up with demand.

你为什么责怪别人想要服用有益于生命的药物?为什么不责怪无法满足市场需求的企业呢?

@sarwat.qamar96
My mom uses Ozempic weekly for type 2 diabetes that she's had for almost 30 years now and we live in Pakistan, so it's great to hear this drug is FDA-approved, and to be able to just learn more about my mom's symptoms and how the drug works.....Thanks!

我妈妈患有2型糖尿病近30年了,她现在每周注射诺和泰进行治疗。我们住在巴基斯坦,很高兴听说这种药物已获得美国食品药品监督管理局的批准,并加深了我对妈妈的症状和药物机制的认识。谢谢!

@gilbertodemelo
Here in Brazil quite often you meet upper class women who make use of Ozempic. Many doctors will prescribe it just for aesthetics, not for health reasons.

在我们巴西,你会经常遇到使用诺和泰的上流社会女性。许多医生只是为了美体而开这个药物,而不是出于健康原因。
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@salmay4266
This sounds too good to be true, and when you take into consideration the long history of pharmaceutical companies' predation on the most vulnerable, the whole thing makes me very skeptical.

这听起来好得令人难以置信,但考虑到制药公司掠夺最弱势群体的悠久历史,这一切让我感到非常怀疑。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


@lauracrawford8723
Ozempic really IS A GAME CHANGER. I’m serious for anyone who struggles with the food issues it actually changed my life, not only did i stop eating a ton of unhealthy food, it made me NOT EVEN WANT the food i desperately craved before, like big time. It’s a fantastic addition to a good diet/lifestyle, it may not be the right decision for everyone, i knew one person where it made them gain weight, but for me and everyone else i know who went on it, it really changed everything. I couldn’t recommend this more.

诺和泰确实带来了革命性变化。凡是与饮食问题作斗争的人,我是说真的,它确实改变了我的生活,不仅让我告别了大量的垃圾食品,甚至根本不想吃以前特别爱吃的食物了。这种药物与良好的饮食习惯和生活方式简直是绝配。它可能不适合所有人,我认识一个人使用这种药物而变胖了,但对于我和身边使用这种药物的其他人来说,它确实改变了一切,我强烈推荐这种药物。

@merrymachiavelli2041
The larger-scale implications of this drug (and future superior drugs like it, which are currently in development) could be massive . We are on track for a majority of the worlds population being overweight or obese. All the focus on individuals (either to shame them or celebrate/affirm them) distracts from the fact that this has massive public health implications, which we're dealing with on top of an aging population.

这种药物(以及目前正在研发的未来更强的药物)更大范围的影响可能是巨大的。世界上大多数人都将超重或肥胖。只关注个人(要么羞辱他们,要么祝贺或肯定他们)会忽视这种药物给公共健康带来的巨大影响。除了人口老龄化,我们也在应对公共健康问题。

The fact is, at a population level, recommending diet and exercise is not an effective strategy. Heath experts have been doing it for decades, and the public health problem is still getting worse. So we need to either radically reform the food industry or our lifestyles (which also won't realistically happen, at least to the extent it would have to), or try to come up with some other method of addressing the fact we aren't biologically wired to live the lifestyles we have.

事实上,从群体角度来看,推荐饮食和运动并不是有效的策略。健康专家几十年来一直在这样做,但公共健康问题却仍然在恶化。因此,我们要么彻底改变食品行业或生活方式(同样不现实,至少达不到必要的程度),要么尝试想出其他办法来解决这个问题,即我们天生不适合现有的生活方式。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Honestly, this is the most hopeful I've been about actually addressing obesity at scale.

说实在的,要想真正解决大规模的肥胖问题,我认为这是最有前途的办法。

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