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In last year’s upxe to Force Design 2030, the Marine Corps’ primary planning document, leaders introduced a new mandate for integrating smart machines into warfare: “Marines must fight at machine speed or face defeat at machine speed.”

在去年的《2030部队设计》更新中，这份美国海军陆战队的核心规划文件明确提出了一项新要求：必须将智能机器融入作战。文件指出，“海军陆战队要么以机器的速度作战，要么在机器的速度下失败。”

With that message came a new catch-all term for this field of technology development and integration: Intelligent Robotics and Autonomous Systems, or IRAS. At the Modern Day Marine conference in Washington, D.C., the officer tasked with leading the Marines’ IRAS efforts described a near-future service with robots that bounce, trot, and slither as well as fly; and specialized robotics operators in every Marine Corps formation to best use their capabilities.

与这一要求同时提出的，还有一个涵盖该技术开发和整合领域的新统称——智能机器人与自主系统（Intelligent Robotics and Autonomous Systems，简称IRAS）。在华盛顿特区举行的“现代海军陆战队”会议上，负责领导海军陆战队IRAS项目的官员描绘了未来的作战场景：部队中将配备能够弹跳、疾跑、爬行甚至飞行的机器人，同时每支海军陆战队编队中都会有专业的机器人操作员，充分发挥这些机器人的能力。
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Lt. Col. Keenan Chirhart called on the Corps to treat IRAS as its own unique and vital capability, rather than an adjunct obxtive supporting other primary ones. And to do that, he said, the Marines had to get serious about establishing a dedicated military occupational specialty (MOS), or job field, for martial robotics – something he said has been slow going so far.

基南·奇尔哈特中校呼吁海军陆战队将智能机器人与自主系统（IRAS）视为一项独立且关键的能力，而不是仅作为支持其他主要目标的附属任务。他表示，要实现这一点，海军陆战队必须认真着手建立一个专门的军事职业类别（MOS）或岗位领域，用于军事机器人操作。然而，他也提到，这项工作进展缓慢。

“Right now [we have] a little bit of a lack of holistic MOS solution,” Chirhart said, noting the service had an unmanned aircraft systems operations specialist job field but nothing encapsulating all unmanned systems. “We’ve got [communications] Marines in every formation, we need to have robot Marines, IRAS Marines, integrated in every formation so we can fully leverage these capabilities.”

奇尔哈特指出：“目前，我们在整体性的MOS解决方案上还有一些欠缺。”他提到，虽然海军陆战队已经设立了无人机系统操作专员这一岗位，但尚未涵盖所有无人系统的工作领域。“我们在每个编队中都有通信兵，同样，我们也需要机器人操作员、IRAS专员融入到每个编队中，以便全面发挥这些能力。”

In addition to devising an integrated career field, Chirhart indicated the Corps needed to build out a full accompanying infrastructure for robotics on the battlefield, including schoolhouses to train in related specialties and software and data delivery systems capable of providing those machine-speed upxes to ground-pounders anywhere in the world.

除了建立一个整合的专业领域外，奇尔哈特还指出，海军陆战队需要在战场上为机器人构建完整的配套基础设施，其中包括专门培训相关技能的学校，以及能够向世界各地作战人员提供机器速度更新的软件和数据传输系统。

The major adaptations Chirhart is seeking correspond to a vision of a near future in which smart war machines are ubiquitous in every domain. According to the goals he presented, the Marine Corps wants to expand existing uses of IRAS over the next three years, using drones to carry loads and provide force protection and situational awareness while developing better common user interfaces and supporting infrastructure for their management.

奇尔哈特推动的这些重大变革，反映了一种对不久将来智能战争机器在各个领域无处不在的愿景。他提出的目标显示，海军陆战队计划在未来三年内扩大IRAS的现有应用，包括利用无人机运输物资、提供部队保护和态势感知，同时开发更好的通用用户界面以及管理这些系统所需的配套基础设施。

Over the next three to five years, he said, the Marines want to build out their smaller sensing and swarming drones and make progress on unmanned combat vehicles with advanced payloads.

他表示，在未来三到五年内，海军陆战队希望发展更小型的传感器和集群无人机，并在搭载先进有效载荷的无人战斗车辆方面取得进展。
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In the more undefined future, Chirhart said, the service also hopes to seek opportunities to augment humans with machines, perhaps in the form of smart exoskeletons.

在未来的不确定发展中，奇尔哈特表示，海军陆战队还希望通过探索机器来增强人类的可能性，可能的形式包括智能外骨骼。

“If you’ve got a product like that, come talk to me,” Chirhart joked.

奇尔哈特开玩笑道：“如果你有这样的产品，来找我聊聊。”

Of note, the Defense Department and in particular the Special Operations community have courted “Iron Man” style exoskeleton concepts for years. The most popular of these concepts, the Tactical Assault Light Operator Suit, or TALOS, was a U.S. Special Operations Command darling for more than half a decade before officials finally admitted an executable version was technologically “out of reach.”

值得注意的是，美国国防部，特别是特种作战社区，已经研究“钢铁侠”风格的外骨骼概念多年。其中最受欢迎的概念——战术突击轻型操作员服（Tactical Assault Light Operator Suit，简称TALOS）曾是美国特种作战司令部的宠儿，长达十多年，直到官员最终承认，该技术上可执行的版本仍“遥不可及”。

Within the next decade, the Corps, Chirhart said, wants to better connect multi-domain architectures, advance manned-unmanned teaming to reduce risk, and devise ways to control unmanned systems that meaningfully reduce the human workload. The USMC’s handful of MQ-9 Reapers require a “whole host” of personnel to fly the system, ID targets, push information and more, he said.

奇尔哈特表示，在未来十年内，海军陆战队希望更好地连接多领域架构，推进有人与无人系统的协同作战以降低风险，并设计出能够有效减轻人类工作负担的无人系统控制方法。他提到，海军陆战队的少数几架MQ-9“收割者”无人机需要“整套”人员来操作，包括飞行、目标识别、信息推送等。

“We want to get unfixed from the system,” Chirhart said. “I want to be able to control many unmanned systems across domains” whether from a stateside ground station or via a tablet from the back of a C-130 transport or MV-22 Osprey.

奇尔哈特说道：“我们希望能够摆脱对系统的依赖，我希望能够在多个领域控制多个无人系统。”无论是在国内的地面站，还是通过平板电脑在C-130运输机或MV-22鱼鹰的机舱后部控制。

As the Corps continues to pursue bespoke large unmanned aerial systems, he said he also envisions unmanned tankers pairing with F-35s, allowing the manned aircraft to increase standoff range and reduce risk.

随着海军陆战队继续追加定制的大型无人空中系统，奇尔哈特表示，他还设想无人加油机与F-35战斗机配合使用，这样可以增加有人机的作战范围并降低风险。

The vision Chirhart is casting includes, in addition to highly advanced technological goals, the pursuit of unmanned systems for which the Marines don’t yet have an established use. A slide he presented at the briefing featured a number of small ground robots including a “terrestrial snake” being developed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a BB-8-style spherical robot, and a squat ISR-focused “throwbot.”

奇尔哈特描绘的愿景除了包含高度先进的技术目标外，还包括探索无人系统的应用，尽管海军陆战队目前尚未为这些系统建立明确的使用场景。在简报中，他展示了一张幻灯片，展示了多种小型地面机器人，包括由美国国家航空航天局喷气推进实验室开发的“地面蛇”、类似BB-8的球形机器人，以及一个专注于情报、监视和侦察（ISR）的短小“投掷机器人”。
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“Ten years ago, if you’d told me there was a robotic snake we’d be looking into for warfighting functions, I wouldn’t have believed you – I’d have said you were crazy,” Chirhart said.

奇尔哈特说道：“十年前，如果你告诉我我们会研究一种用于战争功能的机器人蛇，我是不会相信的——我会说你疯了。”

Chirhart is not yet ready to speculate on what those functions might be. In a brief follow-up conversation with The War Zone, he characterized the Corps’ interest in these systems as “from a technology admiration standpoint,” and said that while he was interested in backpack-sized robots that might be able to assist Marines on foot, “no capability gap exists for them right now.”

奇尔哈特目前不愿推测这些机器人可能会执行什么具体任务。在与《战争区》进行的一次简短对话中，他表示，海军陆战队对这些系统的兴趣更多是“出于对技术的欣赏”。虽然他对可能帮助步兵的背包大小机器人感兴趣，但他强调，“目前还没有对这些机器人的实际需求。”
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He does, however, paint a compelling picture of what fully integrated IRAS-enabled warfare can look like.

然而，他确实描绘了一个引人注目的画面，展示了完全整合IRAS技术支持的战争将是什么样子。
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In a possible scenario, Chirhart said, a Marine task force ordered to neutralize threats and secure obxtives in a hostile area could first sweep the region with armed hunter-killer drones, possibly augmented by small swarming UAS guided by artificial intelligence algorithms and advanced sensors toward the likely target. They also relay location data about enemy munitions and defenses back to a commander, who can order stand-off strikes. These small systems clear the way for manned F-35s fueling from an unmanned tanker controlled by a ground operator at a stateside base.

在一个可能的场景中，奇尔哈特表示，海军陆战队突击队如果接到任务，要在敌对区域消除威胁并确保目标安全，首先可以使用武装猎杀型无人机进行区域扫荡。这些无人机可能会由小型AI驱动的蜂群无人机（UAS）和先进传感器辅助，引导它们前往可能的目标。这些无人机还会将敌方弹药和防御设施的位置数据传回指挥官，指挥官可以基于这些数据下达远程打击命令。这些小型系统为有人驾驶的F-35战斗机开路，而F-35则通过一个由国内基地地面操作员控制的无人加油机进行加油。

At a second position, Chirhart said, tactical resupply unmanned ground systems navigate rugged terrain thanks to AI and GPS coordinates, getting real-time information about the units they support about the status of current supply stockpiles.

奇尔哈特表示，在第二个位置，战术补给无人地面系统凭借AI和GPS坐标，在崎岖地形中穿行，实时获取它们所支持单位的补给库存状态信息。

Meanwhile, in this scenario, unmanned surface vessels off the coast launch loitering munitions to clear enemy fighters off a small adjacent island, paving the way for that most treasured Marine Corps concept: the amphibious beach assault. Over the battlefield, sophisticated larger UAS equipped with LIDAR and electronic surveillance sensors scour the broad battlefield – identifying and classifying enemy targets while building an accurate digital map of the obxtive area, transmitting the information being synthesized back to every networked commander. And where the battlefield is contaminated or riddled with explosive hazards, robotic dogs and explosive ordnance disposal robots case the region, cleaning up and neutralizing the threat before a human is put at risk.

与此同时，在这个场景中，海岸外的无人水面舰艇发射滞空弹药，清除一个小型邻近岛屿上的敌方战斗机，为海军陆战队最宝贵的作战概念——两栖滩头进攻扫清道路。在战场上，配备LIDAR和电子侦察传感器的更大型无人机（UAS）在广阔的战场上巡视，识别和分类敌方目标，同时构建出目标区域的精确数字地图，将整合后的信息传回到每个联网的指挥官手中。在战场受到污染或布满爆炸危险的地方，机器人犬和爆炸物处置机器人对区域进行巡查，清除并中和威胁，从而避免将人类暴露于风险之中。

“This is not sci-fi; this is not ten years from now,” Chirhart told expo attendees. “This is happening in the room behind you.”

奇尔哈特告诉展会与会者：“这不是科幻，这也不是十年之后的事情，这正发生在你们身后的房间当中。”

While all the military services have vocally embraced the promise of robotics and smart, learning machines for more effective future warfare, the Marine Corps is arguably out ahead in some ways. Last year’s Force Design 2030 upxe called for a dedicated IRAS strategy document to guide capability development as well as a talent management game plan for IRAS-focused Marines. The service has been working closely with the Navy, which introduced a first-of-its-kind robotics warfare job rating last year. The Marines are set to make a decision about whether to roll out its own IRAS MOS by the start of 2025.

虽然所有军种都公开接受了机器人技术和智能学习机器的承诺，认为它们能为未来更有效的战争提供支持，但海军陆战队在某些方面无疑走在了前面。 去年，《2030部队设计》更新中，海军陆战队提出了专门的智能机器人与自主系统（IRAS）战略文件，以指导能力发展，并制定了针对IRAS专注海军陆战队员的人才管理计划。 该军种与海军密切合作，后者去年引入了首个机器人战争岗位评分。海军陆战队计划在2025年初决定是否推出自己的智能机器人与自主系统（IRAS）军事职业特种。（军事职业特种（Military Occupational Specialty，MOS）**是指特定的职业领域或岗位类别。 每个MOS都有独特的编号和职责描述，帮助区分不同的职业角色。）

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