网帖翻译

Bodies are lining the streets of Goma, and hospitals are overwhelmed after an escalation in the long-simmering conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The Rwandan-backed M23 group claims it took control of the city, and the DRC has called it a declaration of war by Rwanda. But why is Rwanda involved and what are its interests?

刚果民主共和国（DRC）长期以来的冲突在戈马市愈演愈烈，街道上尸体堆积，医院人满为患。卢旺达支持的M23武装宣称已经控制了这座城市，而刚果则将其视为卢旺达的战争宣言。但为什么卢旺达会介入，卢旺达的利益是什么呢？

Jan 30 (Reuters) - The United Nations expressed deep concern at reports of M23 rebels and Rwandan troops advancing south towards the Congolese city of Bukavu on Thursday, as the militants sought also to assert their control over east Congo's largest city Goma.
The Rwandan-backed insurgents' seizure of Goma this week and ongoing offensive southwards are the biggest escalation since 2012 of a decades-old conflict the U.N. says risks spiralling into another major regional war.
A sustained and successful push by M23 into the neighbouring province of South Kivu would see them control territory previous rebellions have not taken since the end of two major wars that ran from 1996 to 2003, in which millions of civilians died, mostly from malnutrition and disease.
The absence of U.N. peacekeepers in South Kivu heightens the humanitarian and security risks of an escalation in fighting there, U.N. spokesperson Stephane Dujarric said.
He added that there were reports of Rwandan forces crossing the border in the direction of South Kivu's capital Bukavu. The Rwandan authorities did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
Rwanda says it is defending itself, accusing Congo's military of joining forces with ethnic Hutu-led militias bent on slaughtering Tutsis in Congo and threatening Rwanda, where Hutus targeted Tutsis in a 1994 GENOCIDE and some later fled to Congo.
Congo denies this and accuses Rwanda of using M23, which it describes as a "terrorist proxy of Rwanda", to pillage valuable minerals from Congolese territory. U.N. experts have documented the export of large quantities of looted minerals via Rwanda.
An international backlash against Rwanda, which has included Germany cancelling aid talks and Britain threatening to withhold 32 million pounds ($40 million) of annual bilateral assistance, was having no apparent effect on the ground.
Advancing along Lake Kivu, M23 fighters were pushed back on Wednesday from the town of Nyabibwe, some 50 km (30 miles) from Bukavu, and were clashing on Thursday with Congolese troops in the nearby location of Kahalala, according to two local sources.
"The Congolese army seems to be putting up fierce resistance there," said one of the sources, from a civil society organisation in Bukavu.
In Goma itself, M23 were presenting themselves as the city's new administrators.
"We are asking all Goma residents to go back to normal activities," Corneille Nangaa, leader of the Congo River Alliance rebel coalition that includes M23, told reporters.
The situation in the city was far from normal, however. The streets, strewn with debris and discarded military fatigues, were mostly deserted as heavily armed M23 fighters in pick-up trucks patrolled them.
The World Health Organization said over 2,000 people had been wounded by recent fighting in and around Goma with at least 45 deaths registered so far, citing reports.
"The security situation seems to be stabilising, although there are still reports of skirmishes in some parts of town," said Doctors Without Borders (MSF) programme manager Natalia Torrent.
Rebel leader Nangaa said the M23 was not going anywhere. "We are here in Goma to stay. "We are going to continue the march until Kinshasa," he said, referring to Congo's capital more than 1,600 km away.
The violence has forced hundreds of thousands of people to flee multiple times. Displacement camps around Goma that were hosting around 800,000 people are emptying out, World Food Programme official Cynthia Jones said.
U.S. President Donald Trump on Thursday described the crisis as a "very serious problem," but declined to say whether the United States had a peace plan.
Thursday saw a flurry of diplomatic activity, including a meeting of East African heads of state and a visit to Kinshasa and Kigali by France's foreign minister.
Nevertheless, both Tshisekedi and his Rwandan counterpart Paul Kagame made uncompromising statements.
Tshisekedi said in an address to the nation that Congo's army would "reconquer every inch of our territory" and accused Rwanda and its "M23 puppets" of "a terrorist enterprise on our soil, sowing terror and desolation among our population".
Kagame has long lambasted Tshisekedi for what he describes as Congo's harbouring of Hutu "genocidaires".
He also lashed out at South African leader Cyril Ramaphosa for saying in a post on X that the fighting in Congo, in which 13 South African soldiers have died since last week, was due to an escalation by the M23 and the Rwandan army.
Kagame accused South African forces of working alongside a militia in Congo with ties to perpetrators of the 1994 GENOCIDE and "threatening to take the war to Rwanda itself".
"If South Africa prefers confrontation, Rwanda will deal with the matter in that context any day," Kagame wrote.
Since the fall of Goma, Rwanda has also reacted angrily to calls for restraint from Western nations, accusing its critics of "victim-blaming" and turning a blind eye to what it says is Congo's complicity in the slaughter of Tutsis.

（路透社）——联合国周四对M23反叛武装与卢旺达军队向南挺进刚果城市布卡武的消息表示严重关切。这些武装分子在夺取刚果东部最大城市戈马后，正试图巩固对该地区的控制。
卢旺达支持的叛乱势力本周占领戈马并持续向南推进，标志着自2012年以来刚果东部冲突最严重的升级。联合国警告，这场持续数十年的战事可能演变为新的重大地区战争。
若M23反叛武装持续向南基伍省成功推进，将意味着他们控制自1996-2003年两次大规模战争结束以来，历次叛乱从未夺取过的区域。这两场战争导致数百万人死亡，多数源于饥荒与疾病。
联合国发言人杜加里克表示，南基伍省缺乏联合国维和部队的存在，加剧了该地区战事升级的人道主义和安全风险。他补充称，有报告显示卢旺达军队正向南基伍省首府布卡武方向越境移动。卢旺达当局尚未对置评请求作出回应。
与卢旺达关系紧张的邻国布隆迪，已有雇佣兵支援刚果政府军在南基伍省的作战——这意味着更大范围冲突的风险正在上升。布隆迪军方拒绝对刚果局势置评。
卢旺达声称其行动出于自卫，指控刚果政府军与胡图族主导的民兵组织结盟，这些武装企图屠杀刚果境内的图西族人并威胁卢旺达安全。在1994年卢旺达种族灭绝中，胡图族极端分子曾大规模屠杀图西族，部分人员后来逃至刚果境内。刚果政府否认这一指控，反控卢旺达通过其"代理人恐怖组织"M23掠夺刚果境内宝贵矿产资源。联合国专家已记录到大量通过卢旺达转运的刚果掠夺矿产。
国际社会对卢旺达的施压——包括德国取消援助谈判、英国威胁暂停每年3200万英镑（约合4000万美元）的双边援助——在冲突地区未见明显效果。
据两名当地消息人士称，沿基伍湖推进的M23武装人员周三在距离布卡武约50公里（30英里）的尼亚比韦镇被击退，周四与刚果军队在附近的卡哈拉拉地区发生交火。布卡沃一公民社会组织消息人士表示："刚果军队似乎在那里进行了激烈抵抗。"
在戈马市内，M23正以城市新管理者的姿态示人。包含M23在内的反叛联盟"刚果河联盟"领导人科内尔·南加对媒体表示："我们要求所有戈马市民恢复正常活动。"
然而戈马的现实远未恢复常态。街道上散落着瓦砾和废弃的军用装备，全副武装的M23士兵驾驶皮卡车巡逻，整座城市近乎空城。世界卫生组织援引报告称，近期戈马及周边地区的战斗已造成2000余人受伤，至少45人死亡。
无国界医生组织项目主管娜塔莉亚·托伦特表示："安全局势看似趋于稳定，但仍有关键城区发生小规模冲突的报告。"反叛武装领导人南加则宣称M23将长期驻扎："我们留在戈马不会离开，并将继续向1600公里外的首都金沙萨进军。"
持续暴力迫使数十万民众多次逃亡。世界粮食计划署官员辛西娅·琼斯指出，戈马周边曾收容约80万人的流离失所者营地正在迅速清空。
美国总统特朗普周四称这场危机是"非常严重的问题"，但拒绝透露美国是否制定了和平计划。当天外交动作频繁，东非国家元首举行会晤，法国外长同时访问了金沙萨与基加利。然而刚果总统齐塞克迪与卢旺达总统卡加梅均发表强硬表态。
齐塞克迪在全国讲话中誓言刚果军队将"收复每一寸国土"，指控卢旺达及其"M23傀儡"在刚果实施"恐怖主义事业，给人民带来恐惧与破坏"。卡加梅则长期抨击齐塞克迪政府庇护胡图族"大屠杀凶手"。
卡加梅还猛烈批评南非总统拉马福萨，因其在社交媒体X发帖称刚果战事升级系M23与卢军所为——上周至今已有13名南非士兵在刚果阵亡。
卡加梅指责南非军队与刚果境内关联1994年大屠杀凶手的民兵合作，并"威胁将战火烧至卢旺达本土"。他在文中警告："若南非选择对抗，卢旺达随时奉陪。"
自戈马失守以来，卢旺达对西方国家的克制呼吁反应激烈，谴责批评者"倒置受害责任"，无视刚果在图西族屠杀问题上的共谋行径。