RT：俄专家称S-400让印度对巴基斯坦占据优势
正文翻译
Russian shield for India How S-400s gave New Delhi an edge over Pakistan
印度的俄罗斯之盾：S-400 如何让新德里对巴基斯坦占据优势
From tactical results to strategic messaging, India’s deployment of the S-400 was as much about capability as it was about intent
从战术成果到战略信号传递，印度部署 S-400 既彰显实力也昭示意图
By Dmitry Kornev, military expert, founder and author of the MilitaryRussia project
作者：德米特里·科尔涅夫，军事专家，MilitaryRussia 项目创始人兼撰稿人
India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi made headlines when he publicly credited Russia’s S-400 “Triumf” air defense system with playing a key role in the country’s response to recent Pakistani strikes. More than a political gesture, Modi’s remarks marked the first confirmed combat use of the S-400 by Indian forces.
印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪公开赞扬俄罗斯 S-400“凯旋”防空系统在应对巴基斯坦近期空袭中发挥关键作用，引发广泛关注。此举不仅是政治姿态，更标志着印度军队首次确认在实战中使用了 S-400 系统。
“Platforms like the S-400 have given unprecedented strength to the country,” he said while standing before the system. “A strong security shield has become the identity of India.”
“诸如 S-400 这样的装备为国家注入了前所未有的力量，”他站在该系统前说道，“强大的防护盾已成为印度的身份象征。”
He also noted that India now has access to military technology that its adversaries – chiefly Pakistan – simply can’t match. Coming amid a real military confrontation, his words carried unmistakable weight.
他还指出，印度现已拥有主要对手（尤其是巴基斯坦）无法企及的军事技术。在真实军事对抗的背景下，这番表态分量十足。
A real-world test
实战检验
The clash erupted during India’s counterterrorism operation “Sindoor.” Pakistan responded with strikes on Indian military infrastructure using drones, precision-guided munitions, and air-to-ground missiles. For the first time, India deployed its Russian-made S-400s in combat, stationing them in the strategically sensitive states of Punjab and Rajasthan.
冲突爆发于印度反恐行动“辛杜尔”期间。巴基斯坦动用无人机、精确制导弹药及空对地导弹对印度军事设施实施打击回击。印度首次在实战中部署了俄制 S-400 防空系统，将其驻扎在具有战略敏感性的旁遮普邦和拉贾斯坦邦。
According to reports, the system successfully neutralized incoming threats before they even entered Indian airspace. Debris found on Pakistani territory suggests that ultra-long-range 40N6E missiles may have been used, capable of taking down targets from up to 370 kilometers away.
据报道，该系统在威胁尚未进入印度领空前就成功将其拦截。在巴基斯坦境内发现的残骸表明，印方可能使用了射程达 370 公里的 40N6E 超远程导弹实施拦截。
Military analyst Mikhail Khodaryonok summed it up bluntly:
军事分析师米哈伊尔·霍达廖诺克直言不讳地总结道：
The ultimate test for any weapon system is war. That’s where it either proves itself – or fails completely.
任何武器系统的终极考验都是战争。正是在战场上，它要么证明自己的价值——要么彻底失败。
He believes the S-400 not only met but exceeded expectations during Russia’s own military campaign, successfully intercepting a wide range of targets – from SCALP cruise missiles and tactical ballistic rockets to drones and MLRS projectiles.
他认为 S-400 不仅在俄罗斯自身的军事行动中达到预期，更超出预期，成功拦截了从"风暴阴影"巡航导弹、战术弹道火箭到无人机及多管火箭炮弹药在内的多种目标。
Now, it has proven itself again – this time in South Asia.
如今，这套系统再次证明了自己的实力——这次是在南亚地区。
Why India сhose the S-400
印度为何选择 S-400
India signed a $5.43 billion deal with Russia in 2018 for five regimental units of the S-400 after an exhaustive review of the country’s long-term defense needs. The country’s primary concerns: China and Pakistan.
印度在 2018 年与俄罗斯签署了一项价值 54.3 亿美元的协议，采购五个团的 S-400 防空系统，这是在全面评估该国长期国防需求后作出的决定。该国的主要关切对象是中国和巴基斯坦。
At the time, China had already secured its own S-400 systems and was reportedly planning to deploy them in Tibet, just across the border from India. Delivery to India began in 2021, and the final shipments are scheduled for 2025. With each new deployment, India extends a sophisticated “air defense umbrella” across more of its vulnerable frontier.
当时，中国已获得自己的 S-400 系统，并据报计划将其部署在西藏地区，紧邻印度边境。对印度的交付始于 2021 年，最后一批预计于 2025 年完成。随着每一套系统的部署，印度在其脆弱边境线上空逐步撑起了一顶精密的"防空保护伞"。
The decision to buy the S-400 was driven by its standout capability to intercept virtually any airborne threat: aircraft, helicopters, drones, cruise missiles, smart bombs, and ballistic missiles. No other air defense system on the market offers this level of versatility.
采购 S-400 的决定源于其卓越的多目标拦截能力：无论是飞机、直升机、无人机、巡航导弹、智能炸弹还是弹道导弹，几乎都能有效拦截。市场上其他防空系统均无法提供如此全面的防护性能。
Khodaryonok points out that if the coordinates are known, the S-400 can even be used to strike ground targets – though that’s not its primary function.
霍达廖诺克指出，如果已知坐标，S-400 甚至可用于打击地面目标——尽管这不是其主要功能。
Equally important for India, the system integrates smoothly with the country’s existing command infrastructure, which still bears the hallmarks of Soviet and Russian design. For India, adopting the S-400 wasn’t just a technical upgrade – it was an evolution built on decades of military-technical continuity.
对印度同样重要的是，该系统能无缝融入该国现有指挥体系，而该体系仍保留着苏联和俄罗斯设计的鲜明特征。对印度而言，采用 S-400 不仅是技术升级，更是基于数十年军事技术传承的演进。
S-400 vs. Patriot: Different philosophies
S-400 对阵爱国者：理念差异
The American-made Patriot system is often cited as an alternative, but the two platforms reflect fundamentally different doctrines.
美制爱国者系统常被视为替代选项，但这两款平台体现了根本不同的作战理念。
The Patriot was developed during the Cold War to protect NATO forces from enemy aircraft and short-range missiles. Its fire zones are narrow, and it can take up to 25 minutes to fully deploy – an eternity in a fast-moving conflict.
"爱国者"导弹系统是在冷战期间为保护北约部队免受敌方飞机和短程导弹威胁而研发的。其火力覆盖区域狭窄，且完全部署需耗时长达 25 分钟——在瞬息万变的战场上堪称漫长。
The S-400, on the other hand, was designed to provide wide-area coverage as part of a national air defense grid. It takes just five minutes to deploy and can simultaneously track up to 300 targets. Its engagement range extends up to 400km in distance and 35km in altitude.
相比之下，S-400 系统作为国家防空网络的一部分，旨在提供广域防御。它仅需五分钟即可完成部署，并能同时追踪多达 300 个目标，其作战范围最远可达 400 公里，射高达 35 公里。
As Khodaryonok put it, “In almost every key metric, Patriot falls short of Triumf – especially in range, target variety, and electronic countermeasures.”
正如霍达廖诺克所言："几乎在所有关键指标上，'爱国者'都逊色于'凯旋'系统——尤其在射程、目标多样性及电子对抗能力方面。"
The missile loadouts tell the story too:
导弹配置同样说明问题：
S-400 uses a broad mix: 48N6 (up to 250 km), 9M96M (up to 130 km), 40N6E (up to 370 km), and 9M100 for short-range defense.
S-400 系统采用多样化导弹组合：48N6 型（射程达 250 公里）、9M96M 型（射程达 130 公里）、40N6E 型（射程达 370 公里）以及用于近程防御的 9M100 型。
The Patriot relies mainly on MIM-104 and ERINT, with far fewer options.
爱国者系统主要依赖 MIM-104 和 ERINT 导弹，可选方案远少于前者。
Cost vs. Capability
成本与性能之比
The S-400’s biggest advantage might just be its price-to-performance ratio.
S-400 系统的最大优势或许正是其性价比。
When China purchased two S-400 regiments, the price tag exceeded $3 billion. For India, each regiment cost around $1 billion. That’s enough to defend an area roughly 1,000 by 500 kilometers against simultaneous attacks by hundreds of aircraft and missiles.
中国采购两个 S-400 防空导弹团时，价格超过了 30 亿美元。而对印度而言，每个团的成本约为 10 亿美元。这足以防御约 1000 公里长、500 公里宽的区域，抵御数百架飞机和导弹的同时攻击。
By contrast, equipping India with enough Patriot systems for comparable coverage would cost several times more. A single Patriot battery alone is often priced similarly to an entire S-400 regiment – despite offering much less coverage and flexibility.
相比之下，为印度配备覆盖范围相当的爱国者系统，成本将高出数倍。仅一个爱国者导弹连的价格就常与整个 S-400 团相当——尽管其覆盖范围和灵活性远逊于后者。
India’s choice, in this light, wasn’t just practical. It was strategic – and smart.
由此可见，印度的选择不仅务实，更是战略性的明智之举。
Strategic Reach and Export Appeal
战略覆盖范围与出口吸引力
Only a handful of nations can produce air defense systems like the S-400. So far, China, India, and Turkey have officially acquired the system. But dozens of countries – from Saudi Arabia and Algeria to Iran and even Latin American states – have expressed an interest.
目前仅有少数国家能生产 S-400 这类防空系统。中国、印度和土耳其已正式采购该装备，但数十个国家——从沙特阿拉伯、阿尔及利亚到伊朗乃至拉丁美洲国家——均表示出浓厚兴趣。
“There’s a waiting list for the S-400—and it keeps growing,” says Khodaryonok. “Quality weapons don’t come cheap. But nations that prioritize defense choose Triumf.”
霍达廖诺克表示：“S-400 的采购名单在不断延长，优质武器从来价格不菲。但重视国防的国家都会选择‘凯旋’系统。”
Turkey’s decision to buy the S-400 despite threats of US sanctions shows just how powerful that appeal can be. For many, it’s not just a weapons purchase – it’s a step toward greater strategic autonomy.
土耳其不顾美国制裁威胁坚持购买 S-400，充分证明了这种吸引力的强大。对许多国家而言，这不仅是军购行为，更是迈向战略自主的重要一步。
India’s S-400 Future: Ready for Anything
印度 S-400 的未来：为一切做好准备
Once all five regiments are in place, India will be able to shield its entire northern and western borders, as well as critical coastal zones in the south—vital for securing trade routes and deterring precision air strikes.
一旦五个团全部部署完毕，印度将能够保护其整个北部和西部边境，以及南部关键沿海地区——这对保障贸易路线安全和威慑精确空袭至关重要。
What’s being built is more than just a missile shield. It’s a multi-layered, autonomous defense system designed to withstand massive air raids, drone swarms, hypersonic threats, and saturation missile attacks.
正在构建的不仅仅是一个导弹防御系统。它是一个多层次的自主防御体系，旨在抵御大规模空袭、无人机群、高超音速威胁以及饱和导弹攻击。
The recent conflict with Pakistan was a turning point. For the first time, India brought high-end Russian technology into real combat – and saw firsthand what it could do. The S-400 didn’t just stop enemy missiles. It sent a message.
近期与巴基斯坦的冲突是一个转折点。印度首次将高端俄罗斯技术投入实战——并亲眼见证了其威力。S-400 不仅拦截了敌方导弹，更传递了一个信号。
The S-400 “Triumf” isn’t just another piece of hardware. It’s a political lever, a pillar of strategic independence, and a cornerstone of airpower in South-East Asia.
S-400“凯旋”不仅是又一件硬件装备，它是政治杠杆、战略独立的支柱，更是东南亚空中力量的核心基石。
Russian shield for India How S-400s gave New Delhi an edge over Pakistan
印度的俄罗斯之盾：S-400 如何让新德里对巴基斯坦占据优势
From tactical results to strategic messaging, India’s deployment of the S-400 was as much about capability as it was about intent
从战术成果到战略信号传递，印度部署 S-400 既彰显实力也昭示意图
By Dmitry Kornev, military expert, founder and author of the MilitaryRussia project
作者：德米特里·科尔涅夫，军事专家，MilitaryRussia 项目创始人兼撰稿人
India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi made headlines when he publicly credited Russia’s S-400 “Triumf” air defense system with playing a key role in the country’s response to recent Pakistani strikes. More than a political gesture, Modi’s remarks marked the first confirmed combat use of the S-400 by Indian forces.
印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪公开赞扬俄罗斯 S-400“凯旋”防空系统在应对巴基斯坦近期空袭中发挥关键作用，引发广泛关注。此举不仅是政治姿态，更标志着印度军队首次确认在实战中使用了 S-400 系统。
“Platforms like the S-400 have given unprecedented strength to the country,” he said while standing before the system. “A strong security shield has become the identity of India.”
“诸如 S-400 这样的装备为国家注入了前所未有的力量，”他站在该系统前说道，“强大的防护盾已成为印度的身份象征。”
He also noted that India now has access to military technology that its adversaries – chiefly Pakistan – simply can’t match. Coming amid a real military confrontation, his words carried unmistakable weight.
他还指出，印度现已拥有主要对手（尤其是巴基斯坦）无法企及的军事技术。在真实军事对抗的背景下，这番表态分量十足。
A real-world test
实战检验
The clash erupted during India’s counterterrorism operation “Sindoor.” Pakistan responded with strikes on Indian military infrastructure using drones, precision-guided munitions, and air-to-ground missiles. For the first time, India deployed its Russian-made S-400s in combat, stationing them in the strategically sensitive states of Punjab and Rajasthan.
冲突爆发于印度反恐行动“辛杜尔”期间。巴基斯坦动用无人机、精确制导弹药及空对地导弹对印度军事设施实施打击回击。印度首次在实战中部署了俄制 S-400 防空系统，将其驻扎在具有战略敏感性的旁遮普邦和拉贾斯坦邦。
According to reports, the system successfully neutralized incoming threats before they even entered Indian airspace. Debris found on Pakistani territory suggests that ultra-long-range 40N6E missiles may have been used, capable of taking down targets from up to 370 kilometers away.
据报道，该系统在威胁尚未进入印度领空前就成功将其拦截。在巴基斯坦境内发现的残骸表明，印方可能使用了射程达 370 公里的 40N6E 超远程导弹实施拦截。
Military analyst Mikhail Khodaryonok summed it up bluntly:
军事分析师米哈伊尔·霍达廖诺克直言不讳地总结道：
The ultimate test for any weapon system is war. That’s where it either proves itself – or fails completely.
任何武器系统的终极考验都是战争。正是在战场上，它要么证明自己的价值——要么彻底失败。
He believes the S-400 not only met but exceeded expectations during Russia’s own military campaign, successfully intercepting a wide range of targets – from SCALP cruise missiles and tactical ballistic rockets to drones and MLRS projectiles.
他认为 S-400 不仅在俄罗斯自身的军事行动中达到预期，更超出预期，成功拦截了从"风暴阴影"巡航导弹、战术弹道火箭到无人机及多管火箭炮弹药在内的多种目标。
Now, it has proven itself again – this time in South Asia.
如今，这套系统再次证明了自己的实力——这次是在南亚地区。
Why India сhose the S-400
印度为何选择 S-400
India signed a $5.43 billion deal with Russia in 2018 for five regimental units of the S-400 after an exhaustive review of the country’s long-term defense needs. The country’s primary concerns: China and Pakistan.
印度在 2018 年与俄罗斯签署了一项价值 54.3 亿美元的协议，采购五个团的 S-400 防空系统，这是在全面评估该国长期国防需求后作出的决定。该国的主要关切对象是中国和巴基斯坦。
At the time, China had already secured its own S-400 systems and was reportedly planning to deploy them in Tibet, just across the border from India. Delivery to India began in 2021, and the final shipments are scheduled for 2025. With each new deployment, India extends a sophisticated “air defense umbrella” across more of its vulnerable frontier.
当时，中国已获得自己的 S-400 系统，并据报计划将其部署在西藏地区，紧邻印度边境。对印度的交付始于 2021 年，最后一批预计于 2025 年完成。随着每一套系统的部署，印度在其脆弱边境线上空逐步撑起了一顶精密的"防空保护伞"。
The decision to buy the S-400 was driven by its standout capability to intercept virtually any airborne threat: aircraft, helicopters, drones, cruise missiles, smart bombs, and ballistic missiles. No other air defense system on the market offers this level of versatility.
采购 S-400 的决定源于其卓越的多目标拦截能力：无论是飞机、直升机、无人机、巡航导弹、智能炸弹还是弹道导弹，几乎都能有效拦截。市场上其他防空系统均无法提供如此全面的防护性能。
Khodaryonok points out that if the coordinates are known, the S-400 can even be used to strike ground targets – though that’s not its primary function.
霍达廖诺克指出，如果已知坐标，S-400 甚至可用于打击地面目标——尽管这不是其主要功能。
Equally important for India, the system integrates smoothly with the country’s existing command infrastructure, which still bears the hallmarks of Soviet and Russian design. For India, adopting the S-400 wasn’t just a technical upgrade – it was an evolution built on decades of military-technical continuity.
对印度同样重要的是，该系统能无缝融入该国现有指挥体系，而该体系仍保留着苏联和俄罗斯设计的鲜明特征。对印度而言，采用 S-400 不仅是技术升级，更是基于数十年军事技术传承的演进。
S-400 vs. Patriot: Different philosophies
S-400 对阵爱国者：理念差异
The American-made Patriot system is often cited as an alternative, but the two platforms reflect fundamentally different doctrines.
美制爱国者系统常被视为替代选项，但这两款平台体现了根本不同的作战理念。
The Patriot was developed during the Cold War to protect NATO forces from enemy aircraft and short-range missiles. Its fire zones are narrow, and it can take up to 25 minutes to fully deploy – an eternity in a fast-moving conflict.
"爱国者"导弹系统是在冷战期间为保护北约部队免受敌方飞机和短程导弹威胁而研发的。其火力覆盖区域狭窄，且完全部署需耗时长达 25 分钟——在瞬息万变的战场上堪称漫长。
The S-400, on the other hand, was designed to provide wide-area coverage as part of a national air defense grid. It takes just five minutes to deploy and can simultaneously track up to 300 targets. Its engagement range extends up to 400km in distance and 35km in altitude.
相比之下，S-400 系统作为国家防空网络的一部分，旨在提供广域防御。它仅需五分钟即可完成部署，并能同时追踪多达 300 个目标，其作战范围最远可达 400 公里，射高达 35 公里。
As Khodaryonok put it, “In almost every key metric, Patriot falls short of Triumf – especially in range, target variety, and electronic countermeasures.”
正如霍达廖诺克所言："几乎在所有关键指标上，'爱国者'都逊色于'凯旋'系统——尤其在射程、目标多样性及电子对抗能力方面。"
The missile loadouts tell the story too:
导弹配置同样说明问题：
S-400 uses a broad mix: 48N6 (up to 250 km), 9M96M (up to 130 km), 40N6E (up to 370 km), and 9M100 for short-range defense.
S-400 系统采用多样化导弹组合：48N6 型（射程达 250 公里）、9M96M 型（射程达 130 公里）、40N6E 型（射程达 370 公里）以及用于近程防御的 9M100 型。
The Patriot relies mainly on MIM-104 and ERINT, with far fewer options.
爱国者系统主要依赖 MIM-104 和 ERINT 导弹，可选方案远少于前者。
Cost vs. Capability
成本与性能之比
The S-400’s biggest advantage might just be its price-to-performance ratio.
S-400 系统的最大优势或许正是其性价比。
When China purchased two S-400 regiments, the price tag exceeded $3 billion. For India, each regiment cost around $1 billion. That’s enough to defend an area roughly 1,000 by 500 kilometers against simultaneous attacks by hundreds of aircraft and missiles.
中国采购两个 S-400 防空导弹团时，价格超过了 30 亿美元。而对印度而言，每个团的成本约为 10 亿美元。这足以防御约 1000 公里长、500 公里宽的区域，抵御数百架飞机和导弹的同时攻击。
By contrast, equipping India with enough Patriot systems for comparable coverage would cost several times more. A single Patriot battery alone is often priced similarly to an entire S-400 regiment – despite offering much less coverage and flexibility.
相比之下，为印度配备覆盖范围相当的爱国者系统，成本将高出数倍。仅一个爱国者导弹连的价格就常与整个 S-400 团相当——尽管其覆盖范围和灵活性远逊于后者。
India’s choice, in this light, wasn’t just practical. It was strategic – and smart.
由此可见，印度的选择不仅务实，更是战略性的明智之举。
Strategic Reach and Export Appeal
战略覆盖范围与出口吸引力
Only a handful of nations can produce air defense systems like the S-400. So far, China, India, and Turkey have officially acquired the system. But dozens of countries – from Saudi Arabia and Algeria to Iran and even Latin American states – have expressed an interest.
目前仅有少数国家能生产 S-400 这类防空系统。中国、印度和土耳其已正式采购该装备，但数十个国家——从沙特阿拉伯、阿尔及利亚到伊朗乃至拉丁美洲国家——均表示出浓厚兴趣。
“There’s a waiting list for the S-400—and it keeps growing,” says Khodaryonok. “Quality weapons don’t come cheap. But nations that prioritize defense choose Triumf.”
霍达廖诺克表示：“S-400 的采购名单在不断延长，优质武器从来价格不菲。但重视国防的国家都会选择‘凯旋’系统。”
Turkey’s decision to buy the S-400 despite threats of US sanctions shows just how powerful that appeal can be. For many, it’s not just a weapons purchase – it’s a step toward greater strategic autonomy.
土耳其不顾美国制裁威胁坚持购买 S-400，充分证明了这种吸引力的强大。对许多国家而言，这不仅是军购行为，更是迈向战略自主的重要一步。
India’s S-400 Future: Ready for Anything
印度 S-400 的未来：为一切做好准备
Once all five regiments are in place, India will be able to shield its entire northern and western borders, as well as critical coastal zones in the south—vital for securing trade routes and deterring precision air strikes.
一旦五个团全部部署完毕，印度将能够保护其整个北部和西部边境，以及南部关键沿海地区——这对保障贸易路线安全和威慑精确空袭至关重要。
What’s being built is more than just a missile shield. It’s a multi-layered, autonomous defense system designed to withstand massive air raids, drone swarms, hypersonic threats, and saturation missile attacks.
正在构建的不仅仅是一个导弹防御系统。它是一个多层次的自主防御体系，旨在抵御大规模空袭、无人机群、高超音速威胁以及饱和导弹攻击。
The recent conflict with Pakistan was a turning point. For the first time, India brought high-end Russian technology into real combat – and saw firsthand what it could do. The S-400 didn’t just stop enemy missiles. It sent a message.
近期与巴基斯坦的冲突是一个转折点。印度首次将高端俄罗斯技术投入实战——并亲眼见证了其威力。S-400 不仅拦截了敌方导弹，更传递了一个信号。
The S-400 “Triumf” isn’t just another piece of hardware. It’s a political lever, a pillar of strategic independence, and a cornerstone of airpower in South-East Asia.
S-400“凯旋”不仅是又一件硬件装备，它是政治杠杆、战略独立的支柱，更是东南亚空中力量的核心基石。
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Russian shield for India How S-400s gave New Delhi an edge over Pakistan
印度的俄罗斯之盾：S-400 如何让新德里对巴基斯坦占据优势
From tactical results to strategic messaging, India’s deployment of the S-400 was as much about capability as it was about intent
从战术成果到战略信号传递，印度部署 S-400 既彰显实力也昭示意图
By Dmitry Kornev, military expert, founder and author of the MilitaryRussia project
作者：德米特里·科尔涅夫，军事专家，MilitaryRussia 项目创始人兼撰稿人
India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi made headlines when he publicly credited Russia’s S-400 “Triumf” air defense system with playing a key role in the country’s response to recent Pakistani strikes. More than a political gesture, Modi’s remarks marked the first confirmed combat use of the S-400 by Indian forces.
印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪公开赞扬俄罗斯 S-400“凯旋”防空系统在应对巴基斯坦近期空袭中发挥关键作用，引发广泛关注。此举不仅是政治姿态，更标志着印度军队首次确认在实战中使用了 S-400 系统。
“Platforms like the S-400 have given unprecedented strength to the country,” he said while standing before the system. “A strong security shield has become the identity of India.”
“诸如 S-400 这样的装备为国家注入了前所未有的力量，”他站在该系统前说道，“强大的防护盾已成为印度的身份象征。”
He also noted that India now has access to military technology that its adversaries – chiefly Pakistan – simply can’t match. Coming amid a real military confrontation, his words carried unmistakable weight.
他还指出，印度现已拥有主要对手（尤其是巴基斯坦）无法企及的军事技术。在真实军事对抗的背景下，这番表态分量十足。
A real-world test
实战检验
The clash erupted during India’s counterterrorism operation “Sindoor.” Pakistan responded with strikes on Indian military infrastructure using drones, precision-guided munitions, and air-to-ground missiles. For the first time, India deployed its Russian-made S-400s in combat, stationing them in the strategically sensitive states of Punjab and Rajasthan.
冲突爆发于印度反恐行动“辛杜尔”期间。巴基斯坦动用无人机、精确制导弹药及空对地导弹对印度军事设施实施打击回击。印度首次在实战中部署了俄制 S-400 防空系统，将其驻扎在具有战略敏感性的旁遮普邦和拉贾斯坦邦。
According to reports, the system successfully neutralized incoming threats before they even entered Indian airspace. Debris found on Pakistani territory suggests that ultra-long-range 40N6E missiles may have been used, capable of taking down targets from up to 370 kilometers away.
据报道，该系统在威胁尚未进入印度领空前就成功将其拦截。在巴基斯坦境内发现的残骸表明，印方可能使用了射程达 370 公里的 40N6E 超远程导弹实施拦截。
Military analyst Mikhail Khodaryonok summed it up bluntly:
军事分析师米哈伊尔·霍达廖诺克直言不讳地总结道：
The ultimate test for any weapon system is war. That’s where it either proves itself – or fails completely.
任何武器系统的终极考验都是战争。正是在战场上，它要么证明自己的价值——要么彻底失败。
He believes the S-400 not only met but exceeded expectations during Russia’s own military campaign, successfully intercepting a wide range of targets – from SCALP cruise missiles and tactical ballistic rockets to drones and MLRS projectiles.
他认为 S-400 不仅在俄罗斯自身的军事行动中达到预期，更超出预期，成功拦截了从"风暴阴影"巡航导弹、战术弹道火箭到无人机及多管火箭炮弹药在内的多种目标。
Now, it has proven itself again – this time in South Asia.
如今，这套系统再次证明了自己的实力——这次是在南亚地区。
Why India сhose the S-400
印度为何选择 S-400
India signed a $5.43 billion deal with Russia in 2018 for five regimental units of the S-400 after an exhaustive review of the country’s long-term defense needs. The country’s primary concerns: China and Pakistan.
印度在 2018 年与俄罗斯签署了一项价值 54.3 亿美元的协议，采购五个团的 S-400 防空系统，这是在全面评估该国长期国防需求后作出的决定。该国的主要关切对象是中国和巴基斯坦。
At the time, China had already secured its own S-400 systems and was reportedly planning to deploy them in Tibet, just across the border from India. Delivery to India began in 2021, and the final shipments are scheduled for 2025. With each new deployment, India extends a sophisticated “air defense umbrella” across more of its vulnerable frontier.
当时，中国已获得自己的 S-400 系统，并据报计划将其部署在西藏地区，紧邻印度边境。对印度的交付始于 2021 年，最后一批预计于 2025 年完成。随着每一套系统的部署，印度在其脆弱边境线上空逐步撑起了一顶精密的"防空保护伞"。
The decision to buy the S-400 was driven by its standout capability to intercept virtually any airborne threat: aircraft, helicopters, drones, cruise missiles, smart bombs, and ballistic missiles. No other air defense system on the market offers this level of versatility.
采购 S-400 的决定源于其卓越的多目标拦截能力：无论是飞机、直升机、无人机、巡航导弹、智能炸弹还是弹道导弹，几乎都能有效拦截。市场上其他防空系统均无法提供如此全面的防护性能。
Khodaryonok points out that if the coordinates are known, the S-400 can even be used to strike ground targets – though that’s not its primary function.
霍达廖诺克指出，如果已知坐标，S-400 甚至可用于打击地面目标——尽管这不是其主要功能。
Equally important for India, the system integrates smoothly with the country’s existing command infrastructure, which still bears the hallmarks of Soviet and Russian design. For India, adopting the S-400 wasn’t just a technical upgrade – it was an evolution built on decades of military-technical continuity.
对印度同样重要的是，该系统能无缝融入该国现有指挥体系，而该体系仍保留着苏联和俄罗斯设计的鲜明特征。对印度而言，采用 S-400 不仅是技术升级，更是基于数十年军事技术传承的演进。
S-400 vs. Patriot: Different philosophies
S-400 对阵爱国者：理念差异
The American-made Patriot system is often cited as an alternative, but the two platforms reflect fundamentally different doctrines.
美制爱国者系统常被视为替代选项，但这两款平台体现了根本不同的作战理念。
The Patriot was developed during the Cold War to protect NATO forces from enemy aircraft and short-range missiles. Its fire zones are narrow, and it can take up to 25 minutes to fully deploy – an eternity in a fast-moving conflict.
"爱国者"导弹系统是在冷战期间为保护北约部队免受敌方飞机和短程导弹威胁而研发的。其火力覆盖区域狭窄，且完全部署需耗时长达 25 分钟——在瞬息万变的战场上堪称漫长。
The S-400, on the other hand, was designed to provide wide-area coverage as part of a national air defense grid. It takes just five minutes to deploy and can simultaneously track up to 300 targets. Its engagement range extends up to 400km in distance and 35km in altitude.
相比之下，S-400 系统作为国家防空网络的一部分，旨在提供广域防御。它仅需五分钟即可完成部署，并能同时追踪多达 300 个目标，其作战范围最远可达 400 公里，射高达 35 公里。
As Khodaryonok put it, “In almost every key metric, Patriot falls short of Triumf – especially in range, target variety, and electronic countermeasures.”
正如霍达廖诺克所言："几乎在所有关键指标上，'爱国者'都逊色于'凯旋'系统——尤其在射程、目标多样性及电子对抗能力方面。"
The missile loadouts tell the story too:
导弹配置同样说明问题：
S-400 uses a broad mix: 48N6 (up to 250 km), 9M96M (up to 130 km), 40N6E (up to 370 km), and 9M100 for short-range defense.
S-400 系统采用多样化导弹组合：48N6 型（射程达 250 公里）、9M96M 型（射程达 130 公里）、40N6E 型（射程达 370 公里）以及用于近程防御的 9M100 型。
The Patriot relies mainly on MIM-104 and ERINT, with far fewer options.
爱国者系统主要依赖 MIM-104 和 ERINT 导弹，可选方案远少于前者。
Cost vs. Capability
成本与性能之比
The S-400’s biggest advantage might just be its price-to-performance ratio.
S-400 系统的最大优势或许正是其性价比。
When China purchased two S-400 regiments, the price tag exceeded $3 billion. For India, each regiment cost around $1 billion. That’s enough to defend an area roughly 1,000 by 500 kilometers against simultaneous attacks by hundreds of aircraft and missiles.
中国采购两个 S-400 防空导弹团时，价格超过了 30 亿美元。而对印度而言，每个团的成本约为 10 亿美元。这足以防御约 1000 公里长、500 公里宽的区域，抵御数百架飞机和导弹的同时攻击。
By contrast, equipping India with enough Patriot systems for comparable coverage would cost several times more. A single Patriot battery alone is often priced similarly to an entire S-400 regiment – despite offering much less coverage and flexibility.
相比之下，为印度配备覆盖范围相当的爱国者系统，成本将高出数倍。仅一个爱国者导弹连的价格就常与整个 S-400 团相当——尽管其覆盖范围和灵活性远逊于后者。
India’s choice, in this light, wasn’t just practical. It was strategic – and smart.
由此可见，印度的选择不仅务实，更是战略性的明智之举。
Strategic Reach and Export Appeal
战略覆盖范围与出口吸引力
Only a handful of nations can produce air defense systems like the S-400. So far, China, India, and Turkey have officially acquired the system. But dozens of countries – from Saudi Arabia and Algeria to Iran and even Latin American states – have expressed an interest.
目前仅有少数国家能生产 S-400 这类防空系统。中国、印度和土耳其已正式采购该装备，但数十个国家——从沙特阿拉伯、阿尔及利亚到伊朗乃至拉丁美洲国家——均表示出浓厚兴趣。
“There’s a waiting list for the S-400—and it keeps growing,” says Khodaryonok. “Quality weapons don’t come cheap. But nations that prioritize defense choose Triumf.”
霍达廖诺克表示：“S-400 的采购名单在不断延长，优质武器从来价格不菲。但重视国防的国家都会选择‘凯旋’系统。”
Turkey’s decision to buy the S-400 despite threats of US sanctions shows just how powerful that appeal can be. For many, it’s not just a weapons purchase – it’s a step toward greater strategic autonomy.
土耳其不顾美国制裁威胁坚持购买 S-400，充分证明了这种吸引力的强大。对许多国家而言，这不仅是军购行为，更是迈向战略自主的重要一步。
India’s S-400 Future: Ready for Anything
印度 S-400 的未来：为一切做好准备
Once all five regiments are in place, India will be able to shield its entire northern and western borders, as well as critical coastal zones in the south—vital for securing trade routes and deterring precision air strikes.
一旦五个团全部部署完毕，印度将能够保护其整个北部和西部边境，以及南部关键沿海地区——这对保障贸易路线安全和威慑精确空袭至关重要。
What’s being built is more than just a missile shield. It’s a multi-layered, autonomous defense system designed to withstand massive air raids, drone swarms, hypersonic threats, and saturation missile attacks.
正在构建的不仅仅是一个导弹防御系统。它是一个多层次的自主防御体系，旨在抵御大规模空袭、无人机群、高超音速威胁以及饱和导弹攻击。
The recent conflict with Pakistan was a turning point. For the first time, India brought high-end Russian technology into real combat – and saw firsthand what it could do. The S-400 didn’t just stop enemy missiles. It sent a message.
近期与巴基斯坦的冲突是一个转折点。印度首次将高端俄罗斯技术投入实战——并亲眼见证了其威力。S-400 不仅拦截了敌方导弹，更传递了一个信号。
The S-400 “Triumf” isn’t just another piece of hardware. It’s a political lever, a pillar of strategic independence, and a cornerstone of airpower in South-East Asia.
S-400“凯旋”不仅是又一件硬件装备，它是政治杠杆、战略独立的支柱，更是东南亚空中力量的核心基石。
Russian shield for India How S-400s gave New Delhi an edge over Pakistan
印度的俄罗斯之盾：S-400 如何让新德里对巴基斯坦占据优势
From tactical results to strategic messaging, India’s deployment of the S-400 was as much about capability as it was about intent
从战术成果到战略信号传递，印度部署 S-400 既彰显实力也昭示意图
By Dmitry Kornev, military expert, founder and author of the MilitaryRussia project
作者：德米特里·科尔涅夫，军事专家，MilitaryRussia 项目创始人兼撰稿人
India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi made headlines when he publicly credited Russia’s S-400 “Triumf” air defense system with playing a key role in the country’s response to recent Pakistani strikes. More than a political gesture, Modi’s remarks marked the first confirmed combat use of the S-400 by Indian forces.
印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪公开赞扬俄罗斯 S-400“凯旋”防空系统在应对巴基斯坦近期空袭中发挥关键作用，引发广泛关注。此举不仅是政治姿态，更标志着印度军队首次确认在实战中使用了 S-400 系统。
“Platforms like the S-400 have given unprecedented strength to the country,” he said while standing before the system. “A strong security shield has become the identity of India.”
“诸如 S-400 这样的装备为国家注入了前所未有的力量，”他站在该系统前说道，“强大的防护盾已成为印度的身份象征。”
He also noted that India now has access to military technology that its adversaries – chiefly Pakistan – simply can’t match. Coming amid a real military confrontation, his words carried unmistakable weight.
他还指出，印度现已拥有主要对手（尤其是巴基斯坦）无法企及的军事技术。在真实军事对抗的背景下，这番表态分量十足。
A real-world test
实战检验
The clash erupted during India’s counterterrorism operation “Sindoor.” Pakistan responded with strikes on Indian military infrastructure using drones, precision-guided munitions, and air-to-ground missiles. For the first time, India deployed its Russian-made S-400s in combat, stationing them in the strategically sensitive states of Punjab and Rajasthan.
冲突爆发于印度反恐行动“辛杜尔”期间。巴基斯坦动用无人机、精确制导弹药及空对地导弹对印度军事设施实施打击回击。印度首次在实战中部署了俄制 S-400 防空系统，将其驻扎在具有战略敏感性的旁遮普邦和拉贾斯坦邦。
According to reports, the system successfully neutralized incoming threats before they even entered Indian airspace. Debris found on Pakistani territory suggests that ultra-long-range 40N6E missiles may have been used, capable of taking down targets from up to 370 kilometers away.
据报道，该系统在威胁尚未进入印度领空前就成功将其拦截。在巴基斯坦境内发现的残骸表明，印方可能使用了射程达 370 公里的 40N6E 超远程导弹实施拦截。
Military analyst Mikhail Khodaryonok summed it up bluntly:
军事分析师米哈伊尔·霍达廖诺克直言不讳地总结道：
The ultimate test for any weapon system is war. That’s where it either proves itself – or fails completely.
任何武器系统的终极考验都是战争。正是在战场上，它要么证明自己的价值——要么彻底失败。
He believes the S-400 not only met but exceeded expectations during Russia’s own military campaign, successfully intercepting a wide range of targets – from SCALP cruise missiles and tactical ballistic rockets to drones and MLRS projectiles.
他认为 S-400 不仅在俄罗斯自身的军事行动中达到预期，更超出预期，成功拦截了从"风暴阴影"巡航导弹、战术弹道火箭到无人机及多管火箭炮弹药在内的多种目标。
Now, it has proven itself again – this time in South Asia.
如今，这套系统再次证明了自己的实力——这次是在南亚地区。
Why India сhose the S-400
印度为何选择 S-400
India signed a $5.43 billion deal with Russia in 2018 for five regimental units of the S-400 after an exhaustive review of the country’s long-term defense needs. The country’s primary concerns: China and Pakistan.
印度在 2018 年与俄罗斯签署了一项价值 54.3 亿美元的协议，采购五个团的 S-400 防空系统，这是在全面评估该国长期国防需求后作出的决定。该国的主要关切对象是中国和巴基斯坦。
At the time, China had already secured its own S-400 systems and was reportedly planning to deploy them in Tibet, just across the border from India. Delivery to India began in 2021, and the final shipments are scheduled for 2025. With each new deployment, India extends a sophisticated “air defense umbrella” across more of its vulnerable frontier.
当时，中国已获得自己的 S-400 系统，并据报计划将其部署在西藏地区，紧邻印度边境。对印度的交付始于 2021 年，最后一批预计于 2025 年完成。随着每一套系统的部署，印度在其脆弱边境线上空逐步撑起了一顶精密的"防空保护伞"。
The decision to buy the S-400 was driven by its standout capability to intercept virtually any airborne threat: aircraft, helicopters, drones, cruise missiles, smart bombs, and ballistic missiles. No other air defense system on the market offers this level of versatility.
采购 S-400 的决定源于其卓越的多目标拦截能力：无论是飞机、直升机、无人机、巡航导弹、智能炸弹还是弹道导弹，几乎都能有效拦截。市场上其他防空系统均无法提供如此全面的防护性能。
Khodaryonok points out that if the coordinates are known, the S-400 can even be used to strike ground targets – though that’s not its primary function.
霍达廖诺克指出，如果已知坐标，S-400 甚至可用于打击地面目标——尽管这不是其主要功能。
Equally important for India, the system integrates smoothly with the country’s existing command infrastructure, which still bears the hallmarks of Soviet and Russian design. For India, adopting the S-400 wasn’t just a technical upgrade – it was an evolution built on decades of military-technical continuity.
对印度同样重要的是，该系统能无缝融入该国现有指挥体系，而该体系仍保留着苏联和俄罗斯设计的鲜明特征。对印度而言，采用 S-400 不仅是技术升级，更是基于数十年军事技术传承的演进。
S-400 vs. Patriot: Different philosophies
S-400 对阵爱国者：理念差异
The American-made Patriot system is often cited as an alternative, but the two platforms reflect fundamentally different doctrines.
美制爱国者系统常被视为替代选项，但这两款平台体现了根本不同的作战理念。
The Patriot was developed during the Cold War to protect NATO forces from enemy aircraft and short-range missiles. Its fire zones are narrow, and it can take up to 25 minutes to fully deploy – an eternity in a fast-moving conflict.
"爱国者"导弹系统是在冷战期间为保护北约部队免受敌方飞机和短程导弹威胁而研发的。其火力覆盖区域狭窄，且完全部署需耗时长达 25 分钟——在瞬息万变的战场上堪称漫长。
The S-400, on the other hand, was designed to provide wide-area coverage as part of a national air defense grid. It takes just five minutes to deploy and can simultaneously track up to 300 targets. Its engagement range extends up to 400km in distance and 35km in altitude.
相比之下，S-400 系统作为国家防空网络的一部分，旨在提供广域防御。它仅需五分钟即可完成部署，并能同时追踪多达 300 个目标，其作战范围最远可达 400 公里，射高达 35 公里。
As Khodaryonok put it, “In almost every key metric, Patriot falls short of Triumf – especially in range, target variety, and electronic countermeasures.”
正如霍达廖诺克所言："几乎在所有关键指标上，'爱国者'都逊色于'凯旋'系统——尤其在射程、目标多样性及电子对抗能力方面。"
The missile loadouts tell the story too:
导弹配置同样说明问题：
S-400 uses a broad mix: 48N6 (up to 250 km), 9M96M (up to 130 km), 40N6E (up to 370 km), and 9M100 for short-range defense.
S-400 系统采用多样化导弹组合：48N6 型（射程达 250 公里）、9M96M 型（射程达 130 公里）、40N6E 型（射程达 370 公里）以及用于近程防御的 9M100 型。
The Patriot relies mainly on MIM-104 and ERINT, with far fewer options.
爱国者系统主要依赖 MIM-104 和 ERINT 导弹，可选方案远少于前者。
Cost vs. Capability
成本与性能之比
The S-400’s biggest advantage might just be its price-to-performance ratio.
S-400 系统的最大优势或许正是其性价比。
When China purchased two S-400 regiments, the price tag exceeded $3 billion. For India, each regiment cost around $1 billion. That’s enough to defend an area roughly 1,000 by 500 kilometers against simultaneous attacks by hundreds of aircraft and missiles.
中国采购两个 S-400 防空导弹团时，价格超过了 30 亿美元。而对印度而言，每个团的成本约为 10 亿美元。这足以防御约 1000 公里长、500 公里宽的区域，抵御数百架飞机和导弹的同时攻击。
By contrast, equipping India with enough Patriot systems for comparable coverage would cost several times more. A single Patriot battery alone is often priced similarly to an entire S-400 regiment – despite offering much less coverage and flexibility.
相比之下，为印度配备覆盖范围相当的爱国者系统，成本将高出数倍。仅一个爱国者导弹连的价格就常与整个 S-400 团相当——尽管其覆盖范围和灵活性远逊于后者。
India’s choice, in this light, wasn’t just practical. It was strategic – and smart.
由此可见，印度的选择不仅务实，更是战略性的明智之举。
Strategic Reach and Export Appeal
战略覆盖范围与出口吸引力
Only a handful of nations can produce air defense systems like the S-400. So far, China, India, and Turkey have officially acquired the system. But dozens of countries – from Saudi Arabia and Algeria to Iran and even Latin American states – have expressed an interest.
目前仅有少数国家能生产 S-400 这类防空系统。中国、印度和土耳其已正式采购该装备，但数十个国家——从沙特阿拉伯、阿尔及利亚到伊朗乃至拉丁美洲国家——均表示出浓厚兴趣。
“There’s a waiting list for the S-400—and it keeps growing,” says Khodaryonok. “Quality weapons don’t come cheap. But nations that prioritize defense choose Triumf.”
霍达廖诺克表示：“S-400 的采购名单在不断延长，优质武器从来价格不菲。但重视国防的国家都会选择‘凯旋’系统。”
Turkey’s decision to buy the S-400 despite threats of US sanctions shows just how powerful that appeal can be. For many, it’s not just a weapons purchase – it’s a step toward greater strategic autonomy.
土耳其不顾美国制裁威胁坚持购买 S-400，充分证明了这种吸引力的强大。对许多国家而言，这不仅是军购行为，更是迈向战略自主的重要一步。
India’s S-400 Future: Ready for Anything
印度 S-400 的未来：为一切做好准备
Once all five regiments are in place, India will be able to shield its entire northern and western borders, as well as critical coastal zones in the south—vital for securing trade routes and deterring precision air strikes.
一旦五个团全部部署完毕，印度将能够保护其整个北部和西部边境，以及南部关键沿海地区——这对保障贸易路线安全和威慑精确空袭至关重要。
What’s being built is more than just a missile shield. It’s a multi-layered, autonomous defense system designed to withstand massive air raids, drone swarms, hypersonic threats, and saturation missile attacks.
正在构建的不仅仅是一个导弹防御系统。它是一个多层次的自主防御体系，旨在抵御大规模空袭、无人机群、高超音速威胁以及饱和导弹攻击。
The recent conflict with Pakistan was a turning point. For the first time, India brought high-end Russian technology into real combat – and saw firsthand what it could do. The S-400 didn’t just stop enemy missiles. It sent a message.
近期与巴基斯坦的冲突是一个转折点。印度首次将高端俄罗斯技术投入实战——并亲眼见证了其威力。S-400 不仅拦截了敌方导弹，更传递了一个信号。
The S-400 “Triumf” isn’t just another piece of hardware. It’s a political lever, a pillar of strategic independence, and a cornerstone of airpower in South-East Asia.
S-400“凯旋”不仅是又一件硬件装备，它是政治杠杆、战略独立的支柱，更是东南亚空中力量的核心基石。
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