俄罗斯特种部队（Spetsnaz）是否和西方特种部队一样优秀？
正文翻译
Charles Brown Lawyer and Former Diplomat Upvoted by Costa Maroulis, lived in Russia (2012-2020)
查尔斯·布朗 律师、前外交官 获科斯塔·马鲁利斯点赞，科斯塔·马鲁利斯曾在俄罗斯生活（2012-2020年）
In 2013 I was a guest at a reception on board a Russian warship. They had a detachment of Spetsnaz marines on board, who provided a display on the quayside part way through the evening.
2013年，我曾作为嘉宾参加俄罗斯军舰上的一场招待会。舰上部署了一支俄罗斯海军特种部队分遣队，当晚活动进行到一半时，他们在码头边进行了一场表演。
Marking out a square they proceeded to show us their unarmed combat skills, all to the music of Queen’s Eye of the Tiger”. Nineteen year old very fit young men circled each other with various lengths of wood, knives, bottles etc. showing us how tough they were. Stripped to the waist it was all very macho, very Putinesque.
他们先划定一块方形区域，接着便向我们展示徒手格斗技巧，全程还伴随着皇后乐队《虎眼》的音乐。一群19岁、体格健壮的年轻人手持不同长度的木棍、刀具、瓶子等物品相互周旋，向我们展现他们的强悍。他们光着上身，尽显男子气概，颇具“普京风格”。
The show culminated with them smashing bottles on their own heads. It was hard not to laugh at times.
表演的高潮部分，他们将瓶子砸向自己的头部。有时实在让人忍不住想笑。
In a bar fight with a decent rugby team they’d have certainly held their own. They were undoubtedly tough, and on the evidence of the display not overly bright. But when comparing them to the Dutch, Danish, French, and the British Royal Marines who went about their business with an air of unshowy quiet confidence and competence (doubtless the US marines would have been the same as these but I didn’t get to work with any), the Spetsnaz looked like boys pretending to be men.
若是在酒吧里和一支像样的橄榄球队打架，他们肯定能不落下风。毫无疑问，这些人很强悍，但从这场表演来看，他们并不算特别机灵。不过，当把他们与荷兰、丹麦、法国的海军陆战队以及英国皇家海军陆战队相比时——这些西方部队在执行任务时，身上透着一种不事张扬却沉稳自信、能力出众的气质（美国海军陆战队无疑也会是如此，只是我未曾与他们有过工作交集）——俄罗斯特种部队看起来就像在装成熟的毛头小子。
I have no doubt these were not Russia’s best, and I still would not like to face them in battle, but I’d much, very much, rather have any of those Western units on my side.
我毫不怀疑，这些人并非俄罗斯最顶尖的特种部队，而且我也依然不愿在战场上与他们对峙，但如果要选战友，我会非常、非常愿意选择上述任何一支西方部队。Rodra Hascaryo
Rodra Hascaryo Studied Aerospace and Aeronautical Engineering at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
罗德拉·哈斯卡约 曾就读于伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校，主修航空航天工程
Firstly “Spetsnaz” is just a generic term for Special Forces. The same way that Green Berets, Navy SEALs, SAS, and Delta are all “special forces”. It’s way too broad.
首先，“Spetsnaz”（俄罗斯特种部队）只是特种部队的通用称谓。就像绿色贝雷帽、海军海豹突击队、英国特种空勤团（SAS）和三角洲部队都属于“特种部队”一样，这个术语的涵盖范围太广了。
Since they are special, they presumably get volunteers instead of conscxt recruits, so they should be better than the average Russian frontline soldiers or their police equivalents solely because they want to be there.
由于其“特种”属性，他们大概率是由志愿者组成，而非征召入伍的士兵。仅凭“自愿加入”这一点，他们就应该比普通的俄罗斯前线士兵或对等的警察部队更优秀。
However, that’s a pretty low bar to begin with so being better than the conscxts mean very little.
但话说回来，这个评判标准本身就很低，所以“比征召士兵更优秀”其实说明不了什么。
But considering that Russia is still stuck in Ukraine after so many years and until somewhat recently, a lot of Spetsnaz videos are about them doing fancy backflips, knife throws, board-breaking and other stuff irrelevant to modern combat, then they can’t be all that great. It’s not like the enemy would be fighting them by hurling bricks and stuff that they could withstand and break with their heads.
但考虑到俄罗斯在乌克兰陷入僵局多年，而且直到不久前，很多俄罗斯特种部队的视频都是展示华丽后空翻、飞刀、劈木板等与现代作战无关的内容，他们显然不会有多出色。敌人可不会扔砖头之类的东西，让他们能用头去抵挡或击碎。
But to be absolutely fair to them, this kind of “show” is hardly unique to Russia. It’s pretty common outside of the West. I think it’s mainly to impress clueless civilians and politicians because most of them can’t tell a bayonet apart from a cartridge, let alone figure out what’s “good”. Western troops in general don’t do this kind of show. At most, they’ll just be part of the national Olympics team or something like that.
不过平心而论，这种“表演式训练”并非俄罗斯独有，在西方以外的地区相当普遍。我认为这主要是为了给不明就里的民众和政客留下深刻印象——毕竟大多数人连刺刀和弹药都分不清，更别说判断什么是“优秀”的特种部队了。西方军队通常不会做这种表演，顶多会有士兵加入国家奥运代表队之类的情况。
Mike Chang international conflict, military aviation, and politics
迈克·张 专注于国际冲突、军用航空及政治领域
The Spetsnaz was once believed to be right up there or above top-tier units of similar destinations. Then, in the Russo-Ukrainian war, a mastermind of a general used them as infantry.
俄罗斯特种部队曾被认为与同类顶尖部队不相上下，甚至更胜一筹。但在俄乌战争中，一位“英明”的将军将他们当作普通步兵使用。
They were decimated by the Ukrainians and pulled out after being destroyed. What's left is back in Russia, rebuilding, and this process can take decades to achieve. Right now, the Spetsnaz is not a functional unit.
他们遭到乌克兰军队的重创，几乎全军覆没后被撤离。残余力量已返回俄罗斯进行重建，而这个过程可能需要数十年时间。目前，俄罗斯特种部队已不再是一支具备作战能力的部队。
They might have been top-tier before the war, but that is all speculation at this point. Only 125 of 900 Spetsnaz made it back to Russia. The 125 have to teach the next 775 members how to do everything. Currently, they would be ranked low on the scale but still be ahead of the Chinese version of the Spetsnaz.
他们在战前或许是顶尖部队，但这如今都只是猜测。900名特种部队士兵中，仅有125人返回俄罗斯，这125人还得负责教会接下来775名新成员所有技能。目前来看，他们的排名会比较靠后，但仍领先于中国的“类特种部队”。
Beaumains Former Chef
博梅因 前主厨
Lots of great answers here, but N’Uncle Beau gotta get his oar in the water, so here we go:
这里已经有很多精彩的回答了，但博叔叔也得插两句，那我就来说说我的看法：
Spetznaz literally just means “special”. Russian police have them, mountain rescue have them and, naturally, the armed forces. Now, there are, top tier Spetznaz units out there, they excel in cold weather and mountain missions and are excellent at what they do, but they, like all really elite units, are deployed in units for special, priority, missions. They don’t get deployed in to the field as combat units any more than the SAS or the Seals would be deployed as regiments.
“Spetsnaz”的字面意思就是“特殊”。俄罗斯警方有特种部队，山地救援队有特种部队，军队自然也有。确实存在顶尖的俄罗斯特种部队单位，他们擅长寒冷天气和山地任务，在自身领域表现出色，但和所有真正的精英部队一样，他们都是以小队形式执行特殊、优先的任务。他们不会像常规作战部队那样被投入战场，就像英国特种空勤团（SAS）或海豹突击队不会以团级规模部署一样。
The sad-sacks who got their arses handed to them certainly had the Spetnaz designation but they were clearly not deployed in a role for which they were trained or equipped so it looks like someone really humped the goat on this one.
那些惨败而归的倒霉蛋虽然顶着“特种部队”的名号，但显然他们被部署到了与训练和装备不匹配的任务中，所以这次显然是有人犯了严重错误。
Cycles
Extensive Studies on War and War Equipment
赛克斯
深入研究战争及战争装备领域
As people pointed out, yes, Spetsnaz is a generic term for “special forces”. However, when we say “Spetsnaz”, we typically refers to 2 units. The GRU and the SSO. And I can tell you they are just as “elite” as any other Western Special Forces unit out there, and much more battle tested.
正如大家所指出的，“Spetsnaz”确实是“特种部队”的通用称谓。但当我们提到“俄罗斯特种部队”时，通常指的是两支单位：总参谋部情报总局（GRU）特种部队和特种作战部队（SSO）。我可以明确地说，他们和其他任何西方特种部队一样“精英”，而且经过了更多实战检验。
But hey cycles! How can you tell if a unit is “elite” or not without looking at isolated cases or judging based of vibes?
I’ll tell you a quick way of doing so: You look at the percentage of commissioned officers and senior NCOs that makes up the ranks of said units.
不过！不看个别案例、不凭感觉判断，怎么能确定一支部队是否“精英”呢？
我来告诉你一个简单的判断方法：看该部队中现役军官和高级士官所占的比例。
In the vast majority of volunteer-based armed forces, volunteers serve a 2-year contract. This means the only legal way for an armed force to actually have a sizable number of individuals go through years of specialized training, and still have him stick around for long enough to make the investment worth it, is to have high percentage of senior NCOs and officers among their ranks.
在绝大多数志愿兵役制军队中，志愿者的合同期为两年。这意味着，一支军队要想让相当数量的士兵接受多年专业训练，并且让他们留任足够长时间以收回培训投入，唯一合法的方式就是让部队中高级士官和军官的比例保持在较高水平。
This is true for Russia, China, and the United States, which are all volunteer-based armies. There is simply no way around it. In fact, the more technical and specialized a unit gets, the more percentage of officers there will be. It is simply NOT worth it for any armed force to invest hundreds of thousands of dollars to train an operator simply for him to retire in 2 years.
这一点对俄罗斯、中国和美国这三个志愿兵役制国家的军队都适用，没有任何例外。事实上，一支部队的技术含量和专业化程度越高，军官所占比例就会越高。没有任何一支军队会愿意投入数十万美元训练一名作战人员，结果对方两年后就退役，这根本得不偿失。
Now, if we look at the breakdown of the casualties suffered by various Spetsnaz units in Ukraine from mediazona (which I consider to be the only reputable opposition media source for Russian losses), we realize 2 things for Russian Special Forces losses:
现在，我们来看看独立媒体“媒体zona”（我认为这是唯一能可靠报道俄罗斯损失的反对派媒体）公布的各类俄罗斯特种部队在乌克兰的伤亡明细，从中能发现两点关于俄罗斯特种部队伤亡的关键信息：
Losses are significantly lower than other branches of the armed forces. Hence effectively debunking the “Brigades of Spetsnaz” destroyed nonsense that I see get tossed around in western media a lot. (really, how deep in propaganda must you be to actually believe this in the first place?)
Officers make up a much higher proportion of casualties.
1. 伤亡人数远低于其他军种，这就有力驳斥了西方媒体反复炒作的“俄罗斯特种部队旅被摧毁”的无稽之谈（说真的，得被宣传洗脑到什么程度才会相信这种话？）；
2. 军官在伤亡人员中所占比例要高得多。
A whopping ~23.7% of casualties of all “other” (overwhelmingly Spetsnaz) casualties were officers, compared to a 2.4% for volunteers and 10% for motor rifle formations.
在所有“其他部队”（绝大多数是特种部队）的伤亡人员中，军官占比高达约23.7%，而志愿兵的军官伤亡占比为2.4%，摩托化步兵部队则为10%。
Our hypothesis holds true for other branches as well. For example, more than 80% of Russian pilot casualties were officers, which makes sense as well considering pilots are extremely specialized soldiers that requires years and years of training. Even more so than your regular special forces because your regular green beret doesn’t drive around a jet worth billions of dollars.
So yes, just by looking at the ratio between enlisted and officer casualties, we can infer that the Spetsnaz is pretty darn elite, and more than on-par with Western Special Forces.
我们的假设在其他军种中也同样成立。例如，俄罗斯飞行员的伤亡中，军官占比超过80%，这也合乎情理——飞行员是需要经过多年训练的高度专业化士兵，其专业化程度甚至超过普通特种部队，毕竟普通绿色贝雷帽士兵不会驾驶价值数十亿美元的战斗机。
因此，仅通过士兵与军官的伤亡比例，我们就能推断出俄罗斯特种部队确实非常精英，而且完全不逊于西方特种部队。
With 3 years of combat in Ukraine and no shortage of videos to show their operations, we can say that the average GRU or SSO has seen much more action and much more intense action than the average green beret, and thus are much more battle hardened because yes, a shooting war with shrapnel everywhere and drones flying overhead 24/7 is much worse than a war where your most well-armed enemy is a towelhead with an AK.
经过在乌克兰三年的作战，而且有大量视频可以证明他们的作战行动，我们可以说，普通的总参谋部情报总局（GRU）或特种作战部队（SSO）士兵经历的战斗次数更多、战斗强度也更大，因此实战经验也更为丰富。毕竟，一场到处都是弹片、无人机24小时盘旋的枪战，远比面对一个手持AK步枪的“头巾男”这种敌人的战争要残酷得多。
Paweł Yatsuk Certified skrepologist/sovietologist
帕维尔·亚祖克 持证苏联研究专家
Well, they are "good" against unarmed civilians, intelligent dissidents and gypsy gangs, but against a person armed with at least a Saiga-12 (a 12-gauge self-loading shotgun) and several hunting carbines and holed up in a house, they start to piss themselves a little, for example, in 2021, in Mytishchi, special forces stormed a cottage. Its owner fought off the security forces for 12 hours and died after being shot at with a grenade launcher.
好吧，他们对付手无寸铁的平民、有识之士的异见者和吉普赛帮派确实“很在行”，但面对至少手持一把赛加-12（12号口径半自动霰弹枪）和几把猎枪、躲在房子里负隅顽抗的人时，他们就有点吓得屁滚尿流了。比如2021年在梅季希，特种部队突袭了一座小屋，屋主抵抗了安全部队12小时，最终在被榴弹发射器击中后身亡。
This is not to mention the fact that "professional Putin's special forces" poisoned hostages to death with fentanyl in NORD-OST(Terrorist attack on Dubrovka) and killed hostages with a grenade launcher and a tank in Beslan and the survivors were killed in the shootout.
更不用说，“普京的专业特种部队”在“北欧奥斯特”事件（杜布罗夫卡恐怖袭击）中用芬太尼毒死了人质，在别斯兰事件中用榴弹发射器和坦克射杀了人质，幸存的人质也在枪战中丧生。
Michael Gower
迈克尔·高尔
They were, when employed properly. Unfortunately they have *not* been. Many units depliyed as if they were just infantry have suffered 90 percent, or higher, casualties.
如果部署得当，他们原本是很优秀的。但遗憾的是，事实并非如此。许多被当作普通步兵部署的部队伤亡率达到了90%甚至更高。
That's a generational loss level. You don't replace Special Forces personnel with conscxts straight out of boot, and Russia does not have the resources to pay for proper training. Plus their experienced men are not going to be around to teach the newbies. Spetznaz will need to rebuild for a long while to come.
这是一代人的损失规模。你不能用刚完成基础训练的征召兵来替代特种部队人员，而俄罗斯也没有足够的资源来支付正规训练的费用。此外，他们的经验丰富的士兵已经不在了，无法教导新兵。俄罗斯特种部队需要很长一段时间才能重建。
Andrew Smith Engineer (2014–present)
安德鲁·史密斯 工程师（2014年至今）
Spetsnaz just means special forces. Except my different parts of the Russian regime have their own spetsnaz. So it's impossible to classify them other than saying they're better than plain Russian infantry units.
There is no way to equate them and western units against each other
“Spetsnaz”就是特种部队的意思。俄罗斯政权的不同部门都有自己的特种部队，所以除了说他们比普通的俄罗斯步兵部队更优秀之外，很难对他们进行统一分类。
没有办法将他们与西方部队进行直接对等的比较。
Sudhanshu Singh Read a dozen of articles,books, watched a ton of documentary
苏汉舒·辛格 阅读过数十篇文章、书籍，观看过大量纪录片
The Russian spetsnaz include a variety of special forces. The most deadly and prominent one is The FSB Spetsnaz which works in collaboration with the Russian intelligence FSB.
The FSB can be equivalent to the tier 1 special force units of western countries and yes!! They are as good as the western counterparts.
俄罗斯特种部队包含多个分支，其中最致命、最著名的是俄罗斯联邦安全局（FSB）下属的特种部队，该部队与俄罗斯情报机构FSB协同运作。
联邦安全局（FSB）特种部队可以与西方国家的一级特种部队相媲美，而且没错！他们和西方同行一样优秀。
The Russian spetsnaz are not as equipped as the american or european special forces but thats what makes them special, they still complete missions and are feared by the enemy. They showed there strength in Afghanistan, Chechenya and now are operating in ukraine. The less reliability on tech makes them independent and more “Rambo” type to some extent.
俄罗斯特种部队的装备不如美国或欧洲特种部队，但这正是他们的特别之处——他们仍然能完成任务，并且让敌人闻风丧胆。他们在阿富汗、车臣展现了自己的实力，如今也在乌克兰开展行动。对技术的依赖较少，这在一定程度上让他们更具独立性，更像是“兰博”式的作战风格。
The method of operating of Western special forces includes the use of Drones, highly sophisticated comms, And other technical stuff and the use of so much tech in battlefield has its pros and cons. The spetsnaz also rely on tech but not as much as the westerners and it also has pros and cons.
One thing to keep in mind is that, Often people compare different special force units in the world without knowing the fact that the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) of most of them are same.
西方特种部队的作战方式包括使用无人机、高度精密的通信设备和其他技术装备，在战场上使用如此多的技术有利有弊。俄罗斯特种部队也依赖技术，但程度不如西方人，这同样各有优劣。
有一点需要注意的是，人们常常比较世界上不同的特种部队，却不知道大多数部队的标准操作程序（SOP）是相同的。
What makes a special force better than the other is there operational exposure and experience. Both the western and russian special forces have alot of it. DONT FALL INTO THE PROPAGANDA OF WESTERN MEDIA!! The russian spetsnaz are well known in the world for a reason, They have shown there extensive counter terrorism and sabotaging capabilities in battlefield.
让一支部队比另一支部队更优秀的是他们的作战经历和经验。西方和俄罗斯特种部队都拥有丰富的经验。别掉进西方媒体的宣传陷阱！俄罗斯特种部队在世界上享有盛名是有原因的，他们在战场上展现了强大的反恐和破坏能力。
So yes!! The russian spetsnaz are as good as the western special forces, the standard operating procedures of both are almost same but there field of operations do vary a bit. So they are both good into there own fields.
所以答案是肯定的！俄罗斯特种部队和西方特种部队一样优秀，两者的标准操作程序几乎相同，但作战领域略有不同。因此，他们在各自的领域都很出色。
Douglas Williams Former Entrepreneur
道格拉斯·威廉姆斯 前企业家
Most definitely. In fact they might even be slightly better.
The special operations forces of a country are like a surgeon’s scalpel; you don't use it for mundane work in the kitchen. These forces are employed on missions authorized at the highest political level, carry the greatest risks, and are thus shrouded in secrecy. They are the weapon of last resort for a nation’s political leaders.
绝对是（和西方特种部队一样优秀）。事实上，他们甚至可能略胜一筹。
一个国家的特种作战部队就像外科医生的手术刀，你不会用它来做厨房里的日常杂活。这些部队执行的是最高政治层面授权的任务，承担着最大的风险，因此行事高度保密。它们是国家政治领导人的最后手段。
Spetsnaz forces are trained in all the same disciplines as Western special ops forces. Unlike Western spec-ops, however, Russian Spetsnaz are also trained in carrying out terrorist actions such as hijackings, kidnappings, bombings, sabotage of enemy infrastructure (Nordstream pipeline?), WMD attacks, psychological warfare, torture, and high-level political assassinations.
俄罗斯特种部队接受的训练涵盖了西方特种作战部队的所有科目。但与西方特种部队不同的是，俄罗斯特种部队还接受过执行恐怖主义行动的训练，例如劫持、绑架、爆炸、破坏敌方基础设施（北溪管道？）、大规模杀伤性武器袭击、心理战、酷刑以及高级政治暗杀。
Paul Duggan Former First and Last
保罗·达根 前军人
40 years ago. The British army. As a volunteer army. Sent cooks on a six weeks basic training course of soldiering. Only after they were considered soldiers. Albeit minimum standards for soldiering. They were sent to train as cooks.
40年前，作为志愿兵役制军队的英国陆军，会先让厨师参加为期六周的基础军事训练。只有在他们达到军人标准（尽管是最低军人标准）后，才会派他们去接受厨师专业训练。
The ruzzians are giving their conscxted men two weeks training and sending them to the front line.
A British army cook is three times better trained than a ruzzian infantry man.
而俄罗斯人只给征召入伍的士兵两周训练，就把他们派往前线。
英国陆军的一名厨师，接受的训练都比俄罗斯步兵好三倍。
No. Is the answer to your question.
They are not as good
对你的问题，答案是否定的。
俄罗斯特种部队不如西方特种部队。
查尔斯·布朗 律师、前外交官 获科斯塔·马鲁利斯点赞，科斯塔·马鲁利斯曾在俄罗斯生活（2012-2020年）
In 2013 I was a guest at a reception on board a Russian warship. They had a detachment of Spetsnaz marines on board, who provided a display on the quayside part way through the evening.
2013年，我曾作为嘉宾参加俄罗斯军舰上的一场招待会。舰上部署了一支俄罗斯海军特种部队分遣队，当晚活动进行到一半时，他们在码头边进行了一场表演。
Marking out a square they proceeded to show us their unarmed combat skills, all to the music of Queen’s Eye of the Tiger”. Nineteen year old very fit young men circled each other with various lengths of wood, knives, bottles etc. showing us how tough they were. Stripped to the waist it was all very macho, very Putinesque.
他们先划定一块方形区域，接着便向我们展示徒手格斗技巧，全程还伴随着皇后乐队《虎眼》的音乐。一群19岁、体格健壮的年轻人手持不同长度的木棍、刀具、瓶子等物品相互周旋，向我们展现他们的强悍。他们光着上身，尽显男子气概，颇具“普京风格”。
The show culminated with them smashing bottles on their own heads. It was hard not to laugh at times.
表演的高潮部分，他们将瓶子砸向自己的头部。有时实在让人忍不住想笑。
In a bar fight with a decent rugby team they’d have certainly held their own. They were undoubtedly tough, and on the evidence of the display not overly bright. But when comparing them to the Dutch, Danish, French, and the British Royal Marines who went about their business with an air of unshowy quiet confidence and competence (doubtless the US marines would have been the same as these but I didn’t get to work with any), the Spetsnaz looked like boys pretending to be men.
若是在酒吧里和一支像样的橄榄球队打架，他们肯定能不落下风。毫无疑问，这些人很强悍，但从这场表演来看，他们并不算特别机灵。不过，当把他们与荷兰、丹麦、法国的海军陆战队以及英国皇家海军陆战队相比时——这些西方部队在执行任务时，身上透着一种不事张扬却沉稳自信、能力出众的气质（美国海军陆战队无疑也会是如此，只是我未曾与他们有过工作交集）——俄罗斯特种部队看起来就像在装成熟的毛头小子。
I have no doubt these were not Russia’s best, and I still would not like to face them in battle, but I’d much, very much, rather have any of those Western units on my side.
我毫不怀疑，这些人并非俄罗斯最顶尖的特种部队，而且我也依然不愿在战场上与他们对峙，但如果要选战友，我会非常、非常愿意选择上述任何一支西方部队。Rodra Hascaryo
Rodra Hascaryo Studied Aerospace and Aeronautical Engineering at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
罗德拉·哈斯卡约 曾就读于伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校，主修航空航天工程
Firstly “Spetsnaz” is just a generic term for Special Forces. The same way that Green Berets, Navy SEALs, SAS, and Delta are all “special forces”. It’s way too broad.
首先，“Spetsnaz”（俄罗斯特种部队）只是特种部队的通用称谓。就像绿色贝雷帽、海军海豹突击队、英国特种空勤团（SAS）和三角洲部队都属于“特种部队”一样，这个术语的涵盖范围太广了。
Since they are special, they presumably get volunteers instead of conscxt recruits, so they should be better than the average Russian frontline soldiers or their police equivalents solely because they want to be there.
由于其“特种”属性，他们大概率是由志愿者组成，而非征召入伍的士兵。仅凭“自愿加入”这一点，他们就应该比普通的俄罗斯前线士兵或对等的警察部队更优秀。
However, that’s a pretty low bar to begin with so being better than the conscxts mean very little.
但话说回来，这个评判标准本身就很低，所以“比征召士兵更优秀”其实说明不了什么。
But considering that Russia is still stuck in Ukraine after so many years and until somewhat recently, a lot of Spetsnaz videos are about them doing fancy backflips, knife throws, board-breaking and other stuff irrelevant to modern combat, then they can’t be all that great. It’s not like the enemy would be fighting them by hurling bricks and stuff that they could withstand and break with their heads.
但考虑到俄罗斯在乌克兰陷入僵局多年，而且直到不久前，很多俄罗斯特种部队的视频都是展示华丽后空翻、飞刀、劈木板等与现代作战无关的内容，他们显然不会有多出色。敌人可不会扔砖头之类的东西，让他们能用头去抵挡或击碎。
But to be absolutely fair to them, this kind of “show” is hardly unique to Russia. It’s pretty common outside of the West. I think it’s mainly to impress clueless civilians and politicians because most of them can’t tell a bayonet apart from a cartridge, let alone figure out what’s “good”. Western troops in general don’t do this kind of show. At most, they’ll just be part of the national Olympics team or something like that.
不过平心而论，这种“表演式训练”并非俄罗斯独有，在西方以外的地区相当普遍。我认为这主要是为了给不明就里的民众和政客留下深刻印象——毕竟大多数人连刺刀和弹药都分不清，更别说判断什么是“优秀”的特种部队了。西方军队通常不会做这种表演，顶多会有士兵加入国家奥运代表队之类的情况。
Mike Chang international conflict, military aviation, and politics
迈克·张 专注于国际冲突、军用航空及政治领域
The Spetsnaz was once believed to be right up there or above top-tier units of similar destinations. Then, in the Russo-Ukrainian war, a mastermind of a general used them as infantry.
俄罗斯特种部队曾被认为与同类顶尖部队不相上下，甚至更胜一筹。但在俄乌战争中，一位“英明”的将军将他们当作普通步兵使用。
They were decimated by the Ukrainians and pulled out after being destroyed. What's left is back in Russia, rebuilding, and this process can take decades to achieve. Right now, the Spetsnaz is not a functional unit.
他们遭到乌克兰军队的重创，几乎全军覆没后被撤离。残余力量已返回俄罗斯进行重建，而这个过程可能需要数十年时间。目前，俄罗斯特种部队已不再是一支具备作战能力的部队。
They might have been top-tier before the war, but that is all speculation at this point. Only 125 of 900 Spetsnaz made it back to Russia. The 125 have to teach the next 775 members how to do everything. Currently, they would be ranked low on the scale but still be ahead of the Chinese version of the Spetsnaz.
他们在战前或许是顶尖部队，但这如今都只是猜测。900名特种部队士兵中，仅有125人返回俄罗斯，这125人还得负责教会接下来775名新成员所有技能。目前来看，他们的排名会比较靠后，但仍领先于中国的“类特种部队”。
Beaumains Former Chef
博梅因 前主厨
Lots of great answers here, but N’Uncle Beau gotta get his oar in the water, so here we go:
这里已经有很多精彩的回答了，但博叔叔也得插两句，那我就来说说我的看法：
Spetznaz literally just means “special”. Russian police have them, mountain rescue have them and, naturally, the armed forces. Now, there are, top tier Spetznaz units out there, they excel in cold weather and mountain missions and are excellent at what they do, but they, like all really elite units, are deployed in units for special, priority, missions. They don’t get deployed in to the field as combat units any more than the SAS or the Seals would be deployed as regiments.
“Spetsnaz”的字面意思就是“特殊”。俄罗斯警方有特种部队，山地救援队有特种部队，军队自然也有。确实存在顶尖的俄罗斯特种部队单位，他们擅长寒冷天气和山地任务，在自身领域表现出色，但和所有真正的精英部队一样，他们都是以小队形式执行特殊、优先的任务。他们不会像常规作战部队那样被投入战场，就像英国特种空勤团（SAS）或海豹突击队不会以团级规模部署一样。
The sad-sacks who got their arses handed to them certainly had the Spetnaz designation but they were clearly not deployed in a role for which they were trained or equipped so it looks like someone really humped the goat on this one.
那些惨败而归的倒霉蛋虽然顶着“特种部队”的名号，但显然他们被部署到了与训练和装备不匹配的任务中，所以这次显然是有人犯了严重错误。
Cycles
Extensive Studies on War and War Equipment
赛克斯
深入研究战争及战争装备领域
As people pointed out, yes, Spetsnaz is a generic term for “special forces”. However, when we say “Spetsnaz”, we typically refers to 2 units. The GRU and the SSO. And I can tell you they are just as “elite” as any other Western Special Forces unit out there, and much more battle tested.
正如大家所指出的，“Spetsnaz”确实是“特种部队”的通用称谓。但当我们提到“俄罗斯特种部队”时，通常指的是两支单位：总参谋部情报总局（GRU）特种部队和特种作战部队（SSO）。我可以明确地说，他们和其他任何西方特种部队一样“精英”，而且经过了更多实战检验。
But hey cycles! How can you tell if a unit is “elite” or not without looking at isolated cases or judging based of vibes?
I’ll tell you a quick way of doing so: You look at the percentage of commissioned officers and senior NCOs that makes up the ranks of said units.
不过！不看个别案例、不凭感觉判断，怎么能确定一支部队是否“精英”呢？
我来告诉你一个简单的判断方法：看该部队中现役军官和高级士官所占的比例。
In the vast majority of volunteer-based armed forces, volunteers serve a 2-year contract. This means the only legal way for an armed force to actually have a sizable number of individuals go through years of specialized training, and still have him stick around for long enough to make the investment worth it, is to have high percentage of senior NCOs and officers among their ranks.
在绝大多数志愿兵役制军队中，志愿者的合同期为两年。这意味着，一支军队要想让相当数量的士兵接受多年专业训练，并且让他们留任足够长时间以收回培训投入，唯一合法的方式就是让部队中高级士官和军官的比例保持在较高水平。
This is true for Russia, China, and the United States, which are all volunteer-based armies. There is simply no way around it. In fact, the more technical and specialized a unit gets, the more percentage of officers there will be. It is simply NOT worth it for any armed force to invest hundreds of thousands of dollars to train an operator simply for him to retire in 2 years.
这一点对俄罗斯、中国和美国这三个志愿兵役制国家的军队都适用，没有任何例外。事实上，一支部队的技术含量和专业化程度越高，军官所占比例就会越高。没有任何一支军队会愿意投入数十万美元训练一名作战人员，结果对方两年后就退役，这根本得不偿失。
Now, if we look at the breakdown of the casualties suffered by various Spetsnaz units in Ukraine from mediazona (which I consider to be the only reputable opposition media source for Russian losses), we realize 2 things for Russian Special Forces losses:
现在，我们来看看独立媒体“媒体zona”（我认为这是唯一能可靠报道俄罗斯损失的反对派媒体）公布的各类俄罗斯特种部队在乌克兰的伤亡明细，从中能发现两点关于俄罗斯特种部队伤亡的关键信息：
Losses are significantly lower than other branches of the armed forces. Hence effectively debunking the “Brigades of Spetsnaz” destroyed nonsense that I see get tossed around in western media a lot. (really, how deep in propaganda must you be to actually believe this in the first place?)
Officers make up a much higher proportion of casualties.
1. 伤亡人数远低于其他军种，这就有力驳斥了西方媒体反复炒作的“俄罗斯特种部队旅被摧毁”的无稽之谈（说真的，得被宣传洗脑到什么程度才会相信这种话？）；
2. 军官在伤亡人员中所占比例要高得多。
A whopping ~23.7% of casualties of all “other” (overwhelmingly Spetsnaz) casualties were officers, compared to a 2.4% for volunteers and 10% for motor rifle formations.
在所有“其他部队”（绝大多数是特种部队）的伤亡人员中，军官占比高达约23.7%，而志愿兵的军官伤亡占比为2.4%，摩托化步兵部队则为10%。
Our hypothesis holds true for other branches as well. For example, more than 80% of Russian pilot casualties were officers, which makes sense as well considering pilots are extremely specialized soldiers that requires years and years of training. Even more so than your regular special forces because your regular green beret doesn’t drive around a jet worth billions of dollars.
So yes, just by looking at the ratio between enlisted and officer casualties, we can infer that the Spetsnaz is pretty darn elite, and more than on-par with Western Special Forces.
我们的假设在其他军种中也同样成立。例如，俄罗斯飞行员的伤亡中，军官占比超过80%，这也合乎情理——飞行员是需要经过多年训练的高度专业化士兵，其专业化程度甚至超过普通特种部队，毕竟普通绿色贝雷帽士兵不会驾驶价值数十亿美元的战斗机。
因此，仅通过士兵与军官的伤亡比例，我们就能推断出俄罗斯特种部队确实非常精英，而且完全不逊于西方特种部队。
With 3 years of combat in Ukraine and no shortage of videos to show their operations, we can say that the average GRU or SSO has seen much more action and much more intense action than the average green beret, and thus are much more battle hardened because yes, a shooting war with shrapnel everywhere and drones flying overhead 24/7 is much worse than a war where your most well-armed enemy is a towelhead with an AK.
经过在乌克兰三年的作战，而且有大量视频可以证明他们的作战行动，我们可以说，普通的总参谋部情报总局（GRU）或特种作战部队（SSO）士兵经历的战斗次数更多、战斗强度也更大，因此实战经验也更为丰富。毕竟，一场到处都是弹片、无人机24小时盘旋的枪战，远比面对一个手持AK步枪的“头巾男”这种敌人的战争要残酷得多。
Paweł Yatsuk Certified skrepologist/sovietologist
帕维尔·亚祖克 持证苏联研究专家
Well, they are "good" against unarmed civilians, intelligent dissidents and gypsy gangs, but against a person armed with at least a Saiga-12 (a 12-gauge self-loading shotgun) and several hunting carbines and holed up in a house, they start to piss themselves a little, for example, in 2021, in Mytishchi, special forces stormed a cottage. Its owner fought off the security forces for 12 hours and died after being shot at with a grenade launcher.
好吧，他们对付手无寸铁的平民、有识之士的异见者和吉普赛帮派确实“很在行”，但面对至少手持一把赛加-12（12号口径半自动霰弹枪）和几把猎枪、躲在房子里负隅顽抗的人时，他们就有点吓得屁滚尿流了。比如2021年在梅季希，特种部队突袭了一座小屋，屋主抵抗了安全部队12小时，最终在被榴弹发射器击中后身亡。
This is not to mention the fact that "professional Putin's special forces" poisoned hostages to death with fentanyl in NORD-OST(Terrorist attack on Dubrovka) and killed hostages with a grenade launcher and a tank in Beslan and the survivors were killed in the shootout.
更不用说，“普京的专业特种部队”在“北欧奥斯特”事件（杜布罗夫卡恐怖袭击）中用芬太尼毒死了人质，在别斯兰事件中用榴弹发射器和坦克射杀了人质，幸存的人质也在枪战中丧生。
Michael Gower
迈克尔·高尔
They were, when employed properly. Unfortunately they have *not* been. Many units depliyed as if they were just infantry have suffered 90 percent, or higher, casualties.
如果部署得当，他们原本是很优秀的。但遗憾的是，事实并非如此。许多被当作普通步兵部署的部队伤亡率达到了90%甚至更高。
That's a generational loss level. You don't replace Special Forces personnel with conscxts straight out of boot, and Russia does not have the resources to pay for proper training. Plus their experienced men are not going to be around to teach the newbies. Spetznaz will need to rebuild for a long while to come.
这是一代人的损失规模。你不能用刚完成基础训练的征召兵来替代特种部队人员，而俄罗斯也没有足够的资源来支付正规训练的费用。此外，他们的经验丰富的士兵已经不在了，无法教导新兵。俄罗斯特种部队需要很长一段时间才能重建。
Andrew Smith Engineer (2014–present)
安德鲁·史密斯 工程师（2014年至今）
Spetsnaz just means special forces. Except my different parts of the Russian regime have their own spetsnaz. So it's impossible to classify them other than saying they're better than plain Russian infantry units.
There is no way to equate them and western units against each other
“Spetsnaz”就是特种部队的意思。俄罗斯政权的不同部门都有自己的特种部队，所以除了说他们比普通的俄罗斯步兵部队更优秀之外，很难对他们进行统一分类。
没有办法将他们与西方部队进行直接对等的比较。
Sudhanshu Singh Read a dozen of articles,books, watched a ton of documentary
苏汉舒·辛格 阅读过数十篇文章、书籍，观看过大量纪录片
The Russian spetsnaz include a variety of special forces. The most deadly and prominent one is The FSB Spetsnaz which works in collaboration with the Russian intelligence FSB.
The FSB can be equivalent to the tier 1 special force units of western countries and yes!! They are as good as the western counterparts.
俄罗斯特种部队包含多个分支，其中最致命、最著名的是俄罗斯联邦安全局（FSB）下属的特种部队，该部队与俄罗斯情报机构FSB协同运作。
联邦安全局（FSB）特种部队可以与西方国家的一级特种部队相媲美，而且没错！他们和西方同行一样优秀。
The Russian spetsnaz are not as equipped as the american or european special forces but thats what makes them special, they still complete missions and are feared by the enemy. They showed there strength in Afghanistan, Chechenya and now are operating in ukraine. The less reliability on tech makes them independent and more “Rambo” type to some extent.
俄罗斯特种部队的装备不如美国或欧洲特种部队，但这正是他们的特别之处——他们仍然能完成任务，并且让敌人闻风丧胆。他们在阿富汗、车臣展现了自己的实力，如今也在乌克兰开展行动。对技术的依赖较少，这在一定程度上让他们更具独立性，更像是“兰博”式的作战风格。
The method of operating of Western special forces includes the use of Drones, highly sophisticated comms, And other technical stuff and the use of so much tech in battlefield has its pros and cons. The spetsnaz also rely on tech but not as much as the westerners and it also has pros and cons.
One thing to keep in mind is that, Often people compare different special force units in the world without knowing the fact that the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) of most of them are same.
西方特种部队的作战方式包括使用无人机、高度精密的通信设备和其他技术装备，在战场上使用如此多的技术有利有弊。俄罗斯特种部队也依赖技术，但程度不如西方人，这同样各有优劣。
有一点需要注意的是，人们常常比较世界上不同的特种部队，却不知道大多数部队的标准操作程序（SOP）是相同的。
What makes a special force better than the other is there operational exposure and experience. Both the western and russian special forces have alot of it. DONT FALL INTO THE PROPAGANDA OF WESTERN MEDIA!! The russian spetsnaz are well known in the world for a reason, They have shown there extensive counter terrorism and sabotaging capabilities in battlefield.
让一支部队比另一支部队更优秀的是他们的作战经历和经验。西方和俄罗斯特种部队都拥有丰富的经验。别掉进西方媒体的宣传陷阱！俄罗斯特种部队在世界上享有盛名是有原因的，他们在战场上展现了强大的反恐和破坏能力。
So yes!! The russian spetsnaz are as good as the western special forces, the standard operating procedures of both are almost same but there field of operations do vary a bit. So they are both good into there own fields.
所以答案是肯定的！俄罗斯特种部队和西方特种部队一样优秀，两者的标准操作程序几乎相同，但作战领域略有不同。因此，他们在各自的领域都很出色。
Douglas Williams Former Entrepreneur
道格拉斯·威廉姆斯 前企业家
Most definitely. In fact they might even be slightly better.
The special operations forces of a country are like a surgeon’s scalpel; you don't use it for mundane work in the kitchen. These forces are employed on missions authorized at the highest political level, carry the greatest risks, and are thus shrouded in secrecy. They are the weapon of last resort for a nation’s political leaders.
绝对是（和西方特种部队一样优秀）。事实上，他们甚至可能略胜一筹。
一个国家的特种作战部队就像外科医生的手术刀，你不会用它来做厨房里的日常杂活。这些部队执行的是最高政治层面授权的任务，承担着最大的风险，因此行事高度保密。它们是国家政治领导人的最后手段。
Spetsnaz forces are trained in all the same disciplines as Western special ops forces. Unlike Western spec-ops, however, Russian Spetsnaz are also trained in carrying out terrorist actions such as hijackings, kidnappings, bombings, sabotage of enemy infrastructure (Nordstream pipeline?), WMD attacks, psychological warfare, torture, and high-level political assassinations.
俄罗斯特种部队接受的训练涵盖了西方特种作战部队的所有科目。但与西方特种部队不同的是，俄罗斯特种部队还接受过执行恐怖主义行动的训练，例如劫持、绑架、爆炸、破坏敌方基础设施（北溪管道？）、大规模杀伤性武器袭击、心理战、酷刑以及高级政治暗杀。
Paul Duggan Former First and Last
保罗·达根 前军人
40 years ago. The British army. As a volunteer army. Sent cooks on a six weeks basic training course of soldiering. Only after they were considered soldiers. Albeit minimum standards for soldiering. They were sent to train as cooks.
40年前，作为志愿兵役制军队的英国陆军，会先让厨师参加为期六周的基础军事训练。只有在他们达到军人标准（尽管是最低军人标准）后，才会派他们去接受厨师专业训练。
The ruzzians are giving their conscxted men two weeks training and sending them to the front line.
A British army cook is three times better trained than a ruzzian infantry man.
而俄罗斯人只给征召入伍的士兵两周训练，就把他们派往前线。
英国陆军的一名厨师，接受的训练都比俄罗斯步兵好三倍。
No. Is the answer to your question.
They are not as good
对你的问题，答案是否定的。
俄罗斯特种部队不如西方特种部队。
评论翻译
Charles Brown Lawyer and Former Diplomat Upvoted by Costa Maroulis, lived in Russia (2012-2020)
查尔斯·布朗 律师、前外交官 获科斯塔·马鲁利斯点赞，科斯塔·马鲁利斯曾在俄罗斯生活（2012-2020年）
In 2013 I was a guest at a reception on board a Russian warship. They had a detachment of Spetsnaz marines on board, who provided a display on the quayside part way through the evening.
2013年，我曾作为嘉宾参加俄罗斯军舰上的一场招待会。舰上部署了一支俄罗斯海军特种部队分遣队，当晚活动进行到一半时，他们在码头边进行了一场表演。
Marking out a square they proceeded to show us their unarmed combat skills, all to the music of Queen’s Eye of the Tiger”. Nineteen year old very fit young men circled each other with various lengths of wood, knives, bottles etc. showing us how tough they were. Stripped to the waist it was all very macho, very Putinesque.
他们先划定一块方形区域，接着便向我们展示徒手格斗技巧，全程还伴随着皇后乐队《虎眼》的音乐。一群19岁、体格健壮的年轻人手持不同长度的木棍、刀具、瓶子等物品相互周旋，向我们展现他们的强悍。他们光着上身，尽显男子气概，颇具“普京风格”。
The show culminated with them smashing bottles on their own heads. It was hard not to laugh at times.
表演的高潮部分，他们将瓶子砸向自己的头部。有时实在让人忍不住想笑。
In a bar fight with a decent rugby team they’d have certainly held their own. They were undoubtedly tough, and on the evidence of the display not overly bright. But when comparing them to the Dutch, Danish, French, and the British Royal Marines who went about their business with an air of unshowy quiet confidence and competence (doubtless the US marines would have been the same as these but I didn’t get to work with any), the Spetsnaz looked like boys pretending to be men.
若是在酒吧里和一支像样的橄榄球队打架，他们肯定能不落下风。毫无疑问，这些人很强悍，但从这场表演来看，他们并不算特别机灵。不过，当把他们与荷兰、丹麦、法国的海军陆战队以及英国皇家海军陆战队相比时——这些西方部队在执行任务时，身上透着一种不事张扬却沉稳自信、能力出众的气质（美国海军陆战队无疑也会是如此，只是我未曾与他们有过工作交集）——俄罗斯特种部队看起来就像在装成熟的毛头小子。
I have no doubt these were not Russia’s best, and I still would not like to face them in battle, but I’d much, very much, rather have any of those Western units on my side.
我毫不怀疑，这些人并非俄罗斯最顶尖的特种部队，而且我也依然不愿在战场上与他们对峙，但如果要选战友，我会非常、非常愿意选择上述任何一支西方部队。Rodra Hascaryo
Rodra Hascaryo Studied Aerospace and Aeronautical Engineering at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
罗德拉·哈斯卡约 曾就读于伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校，主修航空航天工程
Firstly “Spetsnaz” is just a generic term for Special Forces. The same way that Green Berets, Navy SEALs, SAS, and Delta are all “special forces”. It’s way too broad.
首先，“Spetsnaz”（俄罗斯特种部队）只是特种部队的通用称谓。就像绿色贝雷帽、海军海豹突击队、英国特种空勤团（SAS）和三角洲部队都属于“特种部队”一样，这个术语的涵盖范围太广了。
Since they are special, they presumably get volunteers instead of conscxt recruits, so they should be better than the average Russian frontline soldiers or their police equivalents solely because they want to be there.
由于其“特种”属性，他们大概率是由志愿者组成，而非征召入伍的士兵。仅凭“自愿加入”这一点，他们就应该比普通的俄罗斯前线士兵或对等的警察部队更优秀。
However, that’s a pretty low bar to begin with so being better than the conscxts mean very little.
但话说回来，这个评判标准本身就很低，所以“比征召士兵更优秀”其实说明不了什么。
But considering that Russia is still stuck in Ukraine after so many years and until somewhat recently, a lot of Spetsnaz videos are about them doing fancy backflips, knife throws, board-breaking and other stuff irrelevant to modern combat, then they can’t be all that great. It’s not like the enemy would be fighting them by hurling bricks and stuff that they could withstand and break with their heads.
但考虑到俄罗斯在乌克兰陷入僵局多年，而且直到不久前，很多俄罗斯特种部队的视频都是展示华丽后空翻、飞刀、劈木板等与现代作战无关的内容，他们显然不会有多出色。敌人可不会扔砖头之类的东西，让他们能用头去抵挡或击碎。
But to be absolutely fair to them, this kind of “show” is hardly unique to Russia. It’s pretty common outside of the West. I think it’s mainly to impress clueless civilians and politicians because most of them can’t tell a bayonet apart from a cartridge, let alone figure out what’s “good”. Western troops in general don’t do this kind of show. At most, they’ll just be part of the national Olympics team or something like that.
不过平心而论，这种“表演式训练”并非俄罗斯独有，在西方以外的地区相当普遍。我认为这主要是为了给不明就里的民众和政客留下深刻印象——毕竟大多数人连刺刀和弹药都分不清，更别说判断什么是“优秀”的特种部队了。西方军队通常不会做这种表演，顶多会有士兵加入国家奥运代表队之类的情况。
Mike Chang international conflict, military aviation, and politics
迈克·张 专注于国际冲突、军用航空及政治领域
The Spetsnaz was once believed to be right up there or above top-tier units of similar destinations. Then, in the Russo-Ukrainian war, a mastermind of a general used them as infantry.
俄罗斯特种部队曾被认为与同类顶尖部队不相上下，甚至更胜一筹。但在俄乌战争中，一位“英明”的将军将他们当作普通步兵使用。
They were decimated by the Ukrainians and pulled out after being destroyed. What's left is back in Russia, rebuilding, and this process can take decades to achieve. Right now, the Spetsnaz is not a functional unit.
他们遭到乌克兰军队的重创，几乎全军覆没后被撤离。残余力量已返回俄罗斯进行重建，而这个过程可能需要数十年时间。目前，俄罗斯特种部队已不再是一支具备作战能力的部队。
They might have been top-tier before the war, but that is all speculation at this point. Only 125 of 900 Spetsnaz made it back to Russia. The 125 have to teach the next 775 members how to do everything. Currently, they would be ranked low on the scale but still be ahead of the Chinese version of the Spetsnaz.
他们在战前或许是顶尖部队，但这如今都只是猜测。900名特种部队士兵中，仅有125人返回俄罗斯，这125人还得负责教会接下来775名新成员所有技能。目前来看，他们的排名会比较靠后，但仍领先于中国的“类特种部队”。
Beaumains Former Chef
博梅因 前主厨
Lots of great answers here, but N’Uncle Beau gotta get his oar in the water, so here we go:
这里已经有很多精彩的回答了，但博叔叔也得插两句，那我就来说说我的看法：
Spetznaz literally just means “special”. Russian police have them, mountain rescue have them and, naturally, the armed forces. Now, there are, top tier Spetznaz units out there, they excel in cold weather and mountain missions and are excellent at what they do, but they, like all really elite units, are deployed in units for special, priority, missions. They don’t get deployed in to the field as combat units any more than the SAS or the Seals would be deployed as regiments.
“Spetsnaz”的字面意思就是“特殊”。俄罗斯警方有特种部队，山地救援队有特种部队，军队自然也有。确实存在顶尖的俄罗斯特种部队单位，他们擅长寒冷天气和山地任务，在自身领域表现出色，但和所有真正的精英部队一样，他们都是以小队形式执行特殊、优先的任务。他们不会像常规作战部队那样被投入战场，就像英国特种空勤团（SAS）或海豹突击队不会以团级规模部署一样。
The sad-sacks who got their arses handed to them certainly had the Spetnaz designation but they were clearly not deployed in a role for which they were trained or equipped so it looks like someone really humped the goat on this one.
那些惨败而归的倒霉蛋虽然顶着“特种部队”的名号，但显然他们被部署到了与训练和装备不匹配的任务中，所以这次显然是有人犯了严重错误。
Cycles
Extensive Studies on War and War Equipment
赛克斯
深入研究战争及战争装备领域
As people pointed out, yes, Spetsnaz is a generic term for “special forces”. However, when we say “Spetsnaz”, we typically refers to 2 units. The GRU and the SSO. And I can tell you they are just as “elite” as any other Western Special Forces unit out there, and much more battle tested.
正如大家所指出的，“Spetsnaz”确实是“特种部队”的通用称谓。但当我们提到“俄罗斯特种部队”时，通常指的是两支单位：总参谋部情报总局（GRU）特种部队和特种作战部队（SSO）。我可以明确地说，他们和其他任何西方特种部队一样“精英”，而且经过了更多实战检验。
But hey cycles! How can you tell if a unit is “elite” or not without looking at isolated cases or judging based of vibes?
I’ll tell you a quick way of doing so: You look at the percentage of commissioned officers and senior NCOs that makes up the ranks of said units.
不过！不看个别案例、不凭感觉判断，怎么能确定一支部队是否“精英”呢？
我来告诉你一个简单的判断方法：看该部队中现役军官和高级士官所占的比例。
In the vast majority of volunteer-based armed forces, volunteers serve a 2-year contract. This means the only legal way for an armed force to actually have a sizable number of individuals go through years of specialized training, and still have him stick around for long enough to make the investment worth it, is to have high percentage of senior NCOs and officers among their ranks.
在绝大多数志愿兵役制军队中，志愿者的合同期为两年。这意味着，一支军队要想让相当数量的士兵接受多年专业训练，并且让他们留任足够长时间以收回培训投入，唯一合法的方式就是让部队中高级士官和军官的比例保持在较高水平。
This is true for Russia, China, and the United States, which are all volunteer-based armies. There is simply no way around it. In fact, the more technical and specialized a unit gets, the more percentage of officers there will be. It is simply NOT worth it for any armed force to invest hundreds of thousands of dollars to train an operator simply for him to retire in 2 years.
这一点对俄罗斯、中国和美国这三个志愿兵役制国家的军队都适用，没有任何例外。事实上，一支部队的技术含量和专业化程度越高，军官所占比例就会越高。没有任何一支军队会愿意投入数十万美元训练一名作战人员，结果对方两年后就退役，这根本得不偿失。
Now, if we look at the breakdown of the casualties suffered by various Spetsnaz units in Ukraine from mediazona (which I consider to be the only reputable opposition media source for Russian losses), we realize 2 things for Russian Special Forces losses:
现在，我们来看看独立媒体“媒体zona”（我认为这是唯一能可靠报道俄罗斯损失的反对派媒体）公布的各类俄罗斯特种部队在乌克兰的伤亡明细，从中能发现两点关于俄罗斯特种部队伤亡的关键信息：
Losses are significantly lower than other branches of the armed forces. Hence effectively debunking the “Brigades of Spetsnaz” destroyed nonsense that I see get tossed around in western media a lot. (really, how deep in propaganda must you be to actually believe this in the first place?)
Officers make up a much higher proportion of casualties.
1. 伤亡人数远低于其他军种，这就有力驳斥了西方媒体反复炒作的“俄罗斯特种部队旅被摧毁”的无稽之谈（说真的，得被宣传洗脑到什么程度才会相信这种话？）；
2. 军官在伤亡人员中所占比例要高得多。
A whopping ~23.7% of casualties of all “other” (overwhelmingly Spetsnaz) casualties were officers, compared to a 2.4% for volunteers and 10% for motor rifle formations.
在所有“其他部队”（绝大多数是特种部队）的伤亡人员中，军官占比高达约23.7%，而志愿兵的军官伤亡占比为2.4%，摩托化步兵部队则为10%。
Our hypothesis holds true for other branches as well. For example, more than 80% of Russian pilot casualties were officers, which makes sense as well considering pilots are extremely specialized soldiers that requires years and years of training. Even more so than your regular special forces because your regular green beret doesn’t drive around a jet worth billions of dollars.
So yes, just by looking at the ratio between enlisted and officer casualties, we can infer that the Spetsnaz is pretty darn elite, and more than on-par with Western Special Forces.
我们的假设在其他军种中也同样成立。例如，俄罗斯飞行员的伤亡中，军官占比超过80%，这也合乎情理——飞行员是需要经过多年训练的高度专业化士兵，其专业化程度甚至超过普通特种部队，毕竟普通绿色贝雷帽士兵不会驾驶价值数十亿美元的战斗机。
因此，仅通过士兵与军官的伤亡比例，我们就能推断出俄罗斯特种部队确实非常精英，而且完全不逊于西方特种部队。
With 3 years of combat in Ukraine and no shortage of videos to show their operations, we can say that the average GRU or SSO has seen much more action and much more intense action than the average green beret, and thus are much more battle hardened because yes, a shooting war with shrapnel everywhere and drones flying overhead 24/7 is much worse than a war where your most well-armed enemy is a towelhead with an AK.
经过在乌克兰三年的作战，而且有大量视频可以证明他们的作战行动，我们可以说，普通的总参谋部情报总局（GRU）或特种作战部队（SSO）士兵经历的战斗次数更多、战斗强度也更大，因此实战经验也更为丰富。毕竟，一场到处都是弹片、无人机24小时盘旋的枪战，远比面对一个手持AK步枪的“头巾男”这种敌人的战争要残酷得多。
Paweł Yatsuk Certified skrepologist/sovietologist
帕维尔·亚祖克 持证苏联研究专家
Well, they are "good" against unarmed civilians, intelligent dissidents and gypsy gangs, but against a person armed with at least a Saiga-12 (a 12-gauge self-loading shotgun) and several hunting carbines and holed up in a house, they start to piss themselves a little, for example, in 2021, in Mytishchi, special forces stormed a cottage. Its owner fought off the security forces for 12 hours and died after being shot at with a grenade launcher.
好吧，他们对付手无寸铁的平民、有识之士的异见者和吉普赛帮派确实“很在行”，但面对至少手持一把赛加-12（12号口径半自动霰弹枪）和几把猎枪、躲在房子里负隅顽抗的人时，他们就有点吓得屁滚尿流了。比如2021年在梅季希，特种部队突袭了一座小屋，屋主抵抗了安全部队12小时，最终在被榴弹发射器击中后身亡。
This is not to mention the fact that "professional Putin's special forces" poisoned hostages to death with fentanyl in NORD-OST(Terrorist attack on Dubrovka) and killed hostages with a grenade launcher and a tank in Beslan and the survivors were killed in the shootout.
更不用说，“普京的专业特种部队”在“北欧奥斯特”事件（杜布罗夫卡恐怖袭击）中用芬太尼毒死了人质，在别斯兰事件中用榴弹发射器和坦克射杀了人质，幸存的人质也在枪战中丧生。
Michael Gower
迈克尔·高尔
They were, when employed properly. Unfortunately they have *not* been. Many units depliyed as if they were just infantry have suffered 90 percent, or higher, casualties.
如果部署得当，他们原本是很优秀的。但遗憾的是，事实并非如此。许多被当作普通步兵部署的部队伤亡率达到了90%甚至更高。
That's a generational loss level. You don't replace Special Forces personnel with conscxts straight out of boot, and Russia does not have the resources to pay for proper training. Plus their experienced men are not going to be around to teach the newbies. Spetznaz will need to rebuild for a long while to come.
这是一代人的损失规模。你不能用刚完成基础训练的征召兵来替代特种部队人员，而俄罗斯也没有足够的资源来支付正规训练的费用。此外，他们的经验丰富的士兵已经不在了，无法教导新兵。俄罗斯特种部队需要很长一段时间才能重建。
Andrew Smith Engineer (2014–present)
安德鲁·史密斯 工程师（2014年至今）
Spetsnaz just means special forces. Except my different parts of the Russian regime have their own spetsnaz. So it's impossible to classify them other than saying they're better than plain Russian infantry units.
There is no way to equate them and western units against each other
“Spetsnaz”就是特种部队的意思。俄罗斯政权的不同部门都有自己的特种部队，所以除了说他们比普通的俄罗斯步兵部队更优秀之外，很难对他们进行统一分类。
没有办法将他们与西方部队进行直接对等的比较。
Sudhanshu Singh Read a dozen of articles,books, watched a ton of documentary
苏汉舒·辛格 阅读过数十篇文章、书籍，观看过大量纪录片
The Russian spetsnaz include a variety of special forces. The most deadly and prominent one is The FSB Spetsnaz which works in collaboration with the Russian intelligence FSB.
The FSB can be equivalent to the tier 1 special force units of western countries and yes!! They are as good as the western counterparts.
俄罗斯特种部队包含多个分支，其中最致命、最著名的是俄罗斯联邦安全局（FSB）下属的特种部队，该部队与俄罗斯情报机构FSB协同运作。
联邦安全局（FSB）特种部队可以与西方国家的一级特种部队相媲美，而且没错！他们和西方同行一样优秀。
The Russian spetsnaz are not as equipped as the american or european special forces but thats what makes them special, they still complete missions and are feared by the enemy. They showed there strength in Afghanistan, Chechenya and now are operating in ukraine. The less reliability on tech makes them independent and more “Rambo” type to some extent.
俄罗斯特种部队的装备不如美国或欧洲特种部队，但这正是他们的特别之处——他们仍然能完成任务，并且让敌人闻风丧胆。他们在阿富汗、车臣展现了自己的实力，如今也在乌克兰开展行动。对技术的依赖较少，这在一定程度上让他们更具独立性，更像是“兰博”式的作战风格。
The method of operating of Western special forces includes the use of Drones, highly sophisticated comms, And other technical stuff and the use of so much tech in battlefield has its pros and cons. The spetsnaz also rely on tech but not as much as the westerners and it also has pros and cons.
One thing to keep in mind is that, Often people compare different special force units in the world without knowing the fact that the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) of most of them are same.
西方特种部队的作战方式包括使用无人机、高度精密的通信设备和其他技术装备，在战场上使用如此多的技术有利有弊。俄罗斯特种部队也依赖技术，但程度不如西方人，这同样各有优劣。
有一点需要注意的是，人们常常比较世界上不同的特种部队，却不知道大多数部队的标准操作程序（SOP）是相同的。
What makes a special force better than the other is there operational exposure and experience. Both the western and russian special forces have alot of it. DONT FALL INTO THE PROPAGANDA OF WESTERN MEDIA!! The russian spetsnaz are well known in the world for a reason, They have shown there extensive counter terrorism and sabotaging capabilities in battlefield.
让一支部队比另一支部队更优秀的是他们的作战经历和经验。西方和俄罗斯特种部队都拥有丰富的经验。别掉进西方媒体的宣传陷阱！俄罗斯特种部队在世界上享有盛名是有原因的，他们在战场上展现了强大的反恐和破坏能力。
So yes!! The russian spetsnaz are as good as the western special forces, the standard operating procedures of both are almost same but there field of operations do vary a bit. So they are both good into there own fields.
所以答案是肯定的！俄罗斯特种部队和西方特种部队一样优秀，两者的标准操作程序几乎相同，但作战领域略有不同。因此，他们在各自的领域都很出色。
Douglas Williams Former Entrepreneur
道格拉斯·威廉姆斯 前企业家
Most definitely. In fact they might even be slightly better.
The special operations forces of a country are like a surgeon’s scalpel; you don't use it for mundane work in the kitchen. These forces are employed on missions authorized at the highest political level, carry the greatest risks, and are thus shrouded in secrecy. They are the weapon of last resort for a nation’s political leaders.
绝对是（和西方特种部队一样优秀）。事实上，他们甚至可能略胜一筹。
一个国家的特种作战部队就像外科医生的手术刀，你不会用它来做厨房里的日常杂活。这些部队执行的是最高政治层面授权的任务，承担着最大的风险，因此行事高度保密。它们是国家政治领导人的最后手段。
Spetsnaz forces are trained in all the same disciplines as Western special ops forces. Unlike Western spec-ops, however, Russian Spetsnaz are also trained in carrying out terrorist actions such as hijackings, kidnappings, bombings, sabotage of enemy infrastructure (Nordstream pipeline?), WMD attacks, psychological warfare, torture, and high-level political assassinations.
俄罗斯特种部队接受的训练涵盖了西方特种作战部队的所有科目。但与西方特种部队不同的是，俄罗斯特种部队还接受过执行恐怖主义行动的训练，例如劫持、绑架、爆炸、破坏敌方基础设施（北溪管道？）、大规模杀伤性武器袭击、心理战、酷刑以及高级政治暗杀。
Paul Duggan Former First and Last
保罗·达根 前军人
40 years ago. The British army. As a volunteer army. Sent cooks on a six weeks basic training course of soldiering. Only after they were considered soldiers. Albeit minimum standards for soldiering. They were sent to train as cooks.
40年前，作为志愿兵役制军队的英国陆军，会先让厨师参加为期六周的基础军事训练。只有在他们达到军人标准（尽管是最低军人标准）后，才会派他们去接受厨师专业训练。
The ruzzians are giving their conscxted men two weeks training and sending them to the front line.
A British army cook is three times better trained than a ruzzian infantry man.
而俄罗斯人只给征召入伍的士兵两周训练，就把他们派往前线。
英国陆军的一名厨师，接受的训练都比俄罗斯步兵好三倍。
No. Is the answer to your question.
They are not as good
对你的问题，答案是否定的。
俄罗斯特种部队不如西方特种部队。
查尔斯·布朗 律师、前外交官 获科斯塔·马鲁利斯点赞，科斯塔·马鲁利斯曾在俄罗斯生活（2012-2020年）
In 2013 I was a guest at a reception on board a Russian warship. They had a detachment of Spetsnaz marines on board, who provided a display on the quayside part way through the evening.
2013年，我曾作为嘉宾参加俄罗斯军舰上的一场招待会。舰上部署了一支俄罗斯海军特种部队分遣队，当晚活动进行到一半时，他们在码头边进行了一场表演。
Marking out a square they proceeded to show us their unarmed combat skills, all to the music of Queen’s Eye of the Tiger”. Nineteen year old very fit young men circled each other with various lengths of wood, knives, bottles etc. showing us how tough they were. Stripped to the waist it was all very macho, very Putinesque.
他们先划定一块方形区域，接着便向我们展示徒手格斗技巧，全程还伴随着皇后乐队《虎眼》的音乐。一群19岁、体格健壮的年轻人手持不同长度的木棍、刀具、瓶子等物品相互周旋，向我们展现他们的强悍。他们光着上身，尽显男子气概，颇具“普京风格”。
The show culminated with them smashing bottles on their own heads. It was hard not to laugh at times.
表演的高潮部分，他们将瓶子砸向自己的头部。有时实在让人忍不住想笑。
In a bar fight with a decent rugby team they’d have certainly held their own. They were undoubtedly tough, and on the evidence of the display not overly bright. But when comparing them to the Dutch, Danish, French, and the British Royal Marines who went about their business with an air of unshowy quiet confidence and competence (doubtless the US marines would have been the same as these but I didn’t get to work with any), the Spetsnaz looked like boys pretending to be men.
若是在酒吧里和一支像样的橄榄球队打架，他们肯定能不落下风。毫无疑问，这些人很强悍，但从这场表演来看，他们并不算特别机灵。不过，当把他们与荷兰、丹麦、法国的海军陆战队以及英国皇家海军陆战队相比时——这些西方部队在执行任务时，身上透着一种不事张扬却沉稳自信、能力出众的气质（美国海军陆战队无疑也会是如此，只是我未曾与他们有过工作交集）——俄罗斯特种部队看起来就像在装成熟的毛头小子。
I have no doubt these were not Russia’s best, and I still would not like to face them in battle, but I’d much, very much, rather have any of those Western units on my side.
我毫不怀疑，这些人并非俄罗斯最顶尖的特种部队，而且我也依然不愿在战场上与他们对峙，但如果要选战友，我会非常、非常愿意选择上述任何一支西方部队。Rodra Hascaryo
Rodra Hascaryo Studied Aerospace and Aeronautical Engineering at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
罗德拉·哈斯卡约 曾就读于伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校，主修航空航天工程
Firstly “Spetsnaz” is just a generic term for Special Forces. The same way that Green Berets, Navy SEALs, SAS, and Delta are all “special forces”. It’s way too broad.
首先，“Spetsnaz”（俄罗斯特种部队）只是特种部队的通用称谓。就像绿色贝雷帽、海军海豹突击队、英国特种空勤团（SAS）和三角洲部队都属于“特种部队”一样，这个术语的涵盖范围太广了。
Since they are special, they presumably get volunteers instead of conscxt recruits, so they should be better than the average Russian frontline soldiers or their police equivalents solely because they want to be there.
由于其“特种”属性，他们大概率是由志愿者组成，而非征召入伍的士兵。仅凭“自愿加入”这一点，他们就应该比普通的俄罗斯前线士兵或对等的警察部队更优秀。
However, that’s a pretty low bar to begin with so being better than the conscxts mean very little.
但话说回来，这个评判标准本身就很低，所以“比征召士兵更优秀”其实说明不了什么。
But considering that Russia is still stuck in Ukraine after so many years and until somewhat recently, a lot of Spetsnaz videos are about them doing fancy backflips, knife throws, board-breaking and other stuff irrelevant to modern combat, then they can’t be all that great. It’s not like the enemy would be fighting them by hurling bricks and stuff that they could withstand and break with their heads.
但考虑到俄罗斯在乌克兰陷入僵局多年，而且直到不久前，很多俄罗斯特种部队的视频都是展示华丽后空翻、飞刀、劈木板等与现代作战无关的内容，他们显然不会有多出色。敌人可不会扔砖头之类的东西，让他们能用头去抵挡或击碎。
But to be absolutely fair to them, this kind of “show” is hardly unique to Russia. It’s pretty common outside of the West. I think it’s mainly to impress clueless civilians and politicians because most of them can’t tell a bayonet apart from a cartridge, let alone figure out what’s “good”. Western troops in general don’t do this kind of show. At most, they’ll just be part of the national Olympics team or something like that.
不过平心而论，这种“表演式训练”并非俄罗斯独有，在西方以外的地区相当普遍。我认为这主要是为了给不明就里的民众和政客留下深刻印象——毕竟大多数人连刺刀和弹药都分不清，更别说判断什么是“优秀”的特种部队了。西方军队通常不会做这种表演，顶多会有士兵加入国家奥运代表队之类的情况。
Mike Chang international conflict, military aviation, and politics
迈克·张 专注于国际冲突、军用航空及政治领域
The Spetsnaz was once believed to be right up there or above top-tier units of similar destinations. Then, in the Russo-Ukrainian war, a mastermind of a general used them as infantry.
俄罗斯特种部队曾被认为与同类顶尖部队不相上下，甚至更胜一筹。但在俄乌战争中，一位“英明”的将军将他们当作普通步兵使用。
They were decimated by the Ukrainians and pulled out after being destroyed. What's left is back in Russia, rebuilding, and this process can take decades to achieve. Right now, the Spetsnaz is not a functional unit.
他们遭到乌克兰军队的重创，几乎全军覆没后被撤离。残余力量已返回俄罗斯进行重建，而这个过程可能需要数十年时间。目前，俄罗斯特种部队已不再是一支具备作战能力的部队。
They might have been top-tier before the war, but that is all speculation at this point. Only 125 of 900 Spetsnaz made it back to Russia. The 125 have to teach the next 775 members how to do everything. Currently, they would be ranked low on the scale but still be ahead of the Chinese version of the Spetsnaz.
他们在战前或许是顶尖部队，但这如今都只是猜测。900名特种部队士兵中，仅有125人返回俄罗斯，这125人还得负责教会接下来775名新成员所有技能。目前来看，他们的排名会比较靠后，但仍领先于中国的“类特种部队”。
Beaumains Former Chef
博梅因 前主厨
Lots of great answers here, but N’Uncle Beau gotta get his oar in the water, so here we go:
这里已经有很多精彩的回答了，但博叔叔也得插两句，那我就来说说我的看法：
Spetznaz literally just means “special”. Russian police have them, mountain rescue have them and, naturally, the armed forces. Now, there are, top tier Spetznaz units out there, they excel in cold weather and mountain missions and are excellent at what they do, but they, like all really elite units, are deployed in units for special, priority, missions. They don’t get deployed in to the field as combat units any more than the SAS or the Seals would be deployed as regiments.
“Spetsnaz”的字面意思就是“特殊”。俄罗斯警方有特种部队，山地救援队有特种部队，军队自然也有。确实存在顶尖的俄罗斯特种部队单位，他们擅长寒冷天气和山地任务，在自身领域表现出色，但和所有真正的精英部队一样，他们都是以小队形式执行特殊、优先的任务。他们不会像常规作战部队那样被投入战场，就像英国特种空勤团（SAS）或海豹突击队不会以团级规模部署一样。
The sad-sacks who got their arses handed to them certainly had the Spetnaz designation but they were clearly not deployed in a role for which they were trained or equipped so it looks like someone really humped the goat on this one.
那些惨败而归的倒霉蛋虽然顶着“特种部队”的名号，但显然他们被部署到了与训练和装备不匹配的任务中，所以这次显然是有人犯了严重错误。
Cycles
Extensive Studies on War and War Equipment
赛克斯
深入研究战争及战争装备领域
As people pointed out, yes, Spetsnaz is a generic term for “special forces”. However, when we say “Spetsnaz”, we typically refers to 2 units. The GRU and the SSO. And I can tell you they are just as “elite” as any other Western Special Forces unit out there, and much more battle tested.
正如大家所指出的，“Spetsnaz”确实是“特种部队”的通用称谓。但当我们提到“俄罗斯特种部队”时，通常指的是两支单位：总参谋部情报总局（GRU）特种部队和特种作战部队（SSO）。我可以明确地说，他们和其他任何西方特种部队一样“精英”，而且经过了更多实战检验。
But hey cycles! How can you tell if a unit is “elite” or not without looking at isolated cases or judging based of vibes?
I’ll tell you a quick way of doing so: You look at the percentage of commissioned officers and senior NCOs that makes up the ranks of said units.
不过！不看个别案例、不凭感觉判断，怎么能确定一支部队是否“精英”呢？
我来告诉你一个简单的判断方法：看该部队中现役军官和高级士官所占的比例。
In the vast majority of volunteer-based armed forces, volunteers serve a 2-year contract. This means the only legal way for an armed force to actually have a sizable number of individuals go through years of specialized training, and still have him stick around for long enough to make the investment worth it, is to have high percentage of senior NCOs and officers among their ranks.
在绝大多数志愿兵役制军队中，志愿者的合同期为两年。这意味着，一支军队要想让相当数量的士兵接受多年专业训练，并且让他们留任足够长时间以收回培训投入，唯一合法的方式就是让部队中高级士官和军官的比例保持在较高水平。
This is true for Russia, China, and the United States, which are all volunteer-based armies. There is simply no way around it. In fact, the more technical and specialized a unit gets, the more percentage of officers there will be. It is simply NOT worth it for any armed force to invest hundreds of thousands of dollars to train an operator simply for him to retire in 2 years.
这一点对俄罗斯、中国和美国这三个志愿兵役制国家的军队都适用，没有任何例外。事实上，一支部队的技术含量和专业化程度越高，军官所占比例就会越高。没有任何一支军队会愿意投入数十万美元训练一名作战人员，结果对方两年后就退役，这根本得不偿失。
Now, if we look at the breakdown of the casualties suffered by various Spetsnaz units in Ukraine from mediazona (which I consider to be the only reputable opposition media source for Russian losses), we realize 2 things for Russian Special Forces losses:
现在，我们来看看独立媒体“媒体zona”（我认为这是唯一能可靠报道俄罗斯损失的反对派媒体）公布的各类俄罗斯特种部队在乌克兰的伤亡明细，从中能发现两点关于俄罗斯特种部队伤亡的关键信息：
Losses are significantly lower than other branches of the armed forces. Hence effectively debunking the “Brigades of Spetsnaz” destroyed nonsense that I see get tossed around in western media a lot. (really, how deep in propaganda must you be to actually believe this in the first place?)
Officers make up a much higher proportion of casualties.
1. 伤亡人数远低于其他军种，这就有力驳斥了西方媒体反复炒作的“俄罗斯特种部队旅被摧毁”的无稽之谈（说真的，得被宣传洗脑到什么程度才会相信这种话？）；
2. 军官在伤亡人员中所占比例要高得多。
A whopping ~23.7% of casualties of all “other” (overwhelmingly Spetsnaz) casualties were officers, compared to a 2.4% for volunteers and 10% for motor rifle formations.
在所有“其他部队”（绝大多数是特种部队）的伤亡人员中，军官占比高达约23.7%，而志愿兵的军官伤亡占比为2.4%，摩托化步兵部队则为10%。
Our hypothesis holds true for other branches as well. For example, more than 80% of Russian pilot casualties were officers, which makes sense as well considering pilots are extremely specialized soldiers that requires years and years of training. Even more so than your regular special forces because your regular green beret doesn’t drive around a jet worth billions of dollars.
So yes, just by looking at the ratio between enlisted and officer casualties, we can infer that the Spetsnaz is pretty darn elite, and more than on-par with Western Special Forces.
我们的假设在其他军种中也同样成立。例如，俄罗斯飞行员的伤亡中，军官占比超过80%，这也合乎情理——飞行员是需要经过多年训练的高度专业化士兵，其专业化程度甚至超过普通特种部队，毕竟普通绿色贝雷帽士兵不会驾驶价值数十亿美元的战斗机。
因此，仅通过士兵与军官的伤亡比例，我们就能推断出俄罗斯特种部队确实非常精英，而且完全不逊于西方特种部队。
With 3 years of combat in Ukraine and no shortage of videos to show their operations, we can say that the average GRU or SSO has seen much more action and much more intense action than the average green beret, and thus are much more battle hardened because yes, a shooting war with shrapnel everywhere and drones flying overhead 24/7 is much worse than a war where your most well-armed enemy is a towelhead with an AK.
经过在乌克兰三年的作战，而且有大量视频可以证明他们的作战行动，我们可以说，普通的总参谋部情报总局（GRU）或特种作战部队（SSO）士兵经历的战斗次数更多、战斗强度也更大，因此实战经验也更为丰富。毕竟，一场到处都是弹片、无人机24小时盘旋的枪战，远比面对一个手持AK步枪的“头巾男”这种敌人的战争要残酷得多。
Paweł Yatsuk Certified skrepologist/sovietologist
帕维尔·亚祖克 持证苏联研究专家
Well, they are "good" against unarmed civilians, intelligent dissidents and gypsy gangs, but against a person armed with at least a Saiga-12 (a 12-gauge self-loading shotgun) and several hunting carbines and holed up in a house, they start to piss themselves a little, for example, in 2021, in Mytishchi, special forces stormed a cottage. Its owner fought off the security forces for 12 hours and died after being shot at with a grenade launcher.
好吧，他们对付手无寸铁的平民、有识之士的异见者和吉普赛帮派确实“很在行”，但面对至少手持一把赛加-12（12号口径半自动霰弹枪）和几把猎枪、躲在房子里负隅顽抗的人时，他们就有点吓得屁滚尿流了。比如2021年在梅季希，特种部队突袭了一座小屋，屋主抵抗了安全部队12小时，最终在被榴弹发射器击中后身亡。
This is not to mention the fact that "professional Putin's special forces" poisoned hostages to death with fentanyl in NORD-OST(Terrorist attack on Dubrovka) and killed hostages with a grenade launcher and a tank in Beslan and the survivors were killed in the shootout.
更不用说，“普京的专业特种部队”在“北欧奥斯特”事件（杜布罗夫卡恐怖袭击）中用芬太尼毒死了人质，在别斯兰事件中用榴弹发射器和坦克射杀了人质，幸存的人质也在枪战中丧生。
Michael Gower
迈克尔·高尔
They were, when employed properly. Unfortunately they have *not* been. Many units depliyed as if they were just infantry have suffered 90 percent, or higher, casualties.
如果部署得当，他们原本是很优秀的。但遗憾的是，事实并非如此。许多被当作普通步兵部署的部队伤亡率达到了90%甚至更高。
That's a generational loss level. You don't replace Special Forces personnel with conscxts straight out of boot, and Russia does not have the resources to pay for proper training. Plus their experienced men are not going to be around to teach the newbies. Spetznaz will need to rebuild for a long while to come.
这是一代人的损失规模。你不能用刚完成基础训练的征召兵来替代特种部队人员，而俄罗斯也没有足够的资源来支付正规训练的费用。此外，他们的经验丰富的士兵已经不在了，无法教导新兵。俄罗斯特种部队需要很长一段时间才能重建。
Andrew Smith Engineer (2014–present)
安德鲁·史密斯 工程师（2014年至今）
Spetsnaz just means special forces. Except my different parts of the Russian regime have their own spetsnaz. So it's impossible to classify them other than saying they're better than plain Russian infantry units.
There is no way to equate them and western units against each other
“Spetsnaz”就是特种部队的意思。俄罗斯政权的不同部门都有自己的特种部队，所以除了说他们比普通的俄罗斯步兵部队更优秀之外，很难对他们进行统一分类。
没有办法将他们与西方部队进行直接对等的比较。
Sudhanshu Singh Read a dozen of articles,books, watched a ton of documentary
苏汉舒·辛格 阅读过数十篇文章、书籍，观看过大量纪录片
The Russian spetsnaz include a variety of special forces. The most deadly and prominent one is The FSB Spetsnaz which works in collaboration with the Russian intelligence FSB.
The FSB can be equivalent to the tier 1 special force units of western countries and yes!! They are as good as the western counterparts.
俄罗斯特种部队包含多个分支，其中最致命、最著名的是俄罗斯联邦安全局（FSB）下属的特种部队，该部队与俄罗斯情报机构FSB协同运作。
联邦安全局（FSB）特种部队可以与西方国家的一级特种部队相媲美，而且没错！他们和西方同行一样优秀。
The Russian spetsnaz are not as equipped as the american or european special forces but thats what makes them special, they still complete missions and are feared by the enemy. They showed there strength in Afghanistan, Chechenya and now are operating in ukraine. The less reliability on tech makes them independent and more “Rambo” type to some extent.
俄罗斯特种部队的装备不如美国或欧洲特种部队，但这正是他们的特别之处——他们仍然能完成任务，并且让敌人闻风丧胆。他们在阿富汗、车臣展现了自己的实力，如今也在乌克兰开展行动。对技术的依赖较少，这在一定程度上让他们更具独立性，更像是“兰博”式的作战风格。
The method of operating of Western special forces includes the use of Drones, highly sophisticated comms, And other technical stuff and the use of so much tech in battlefield has its pros and cons. The spetsnaz also rely on tech but not as much as the westerners and it also has pros and cons.
One thing to keep in mind is that, Often people compare different special force units in the world without knowing the fact that the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) of most of them are same.
西方特种部队的作战方式包括使用无人机、高度精密的通信设备和其他技术装备，在战场上使用如此多的技术有利有弊。俄罗斯特种部队也依赖技术，但程度不如西方人，这同样各有优劣。
有一点需要注意的是，人们常常比较世界上不同的特种部队，却不知道大多数部队的标准操作程序（SOP）是相同的。
What makes a special force better than the other is there operational exposure and experience. Both the western and russian special forces have alot of it. DONT FALL INTO THE PROPAGANDA OF WESTERN MEDIA!! The russian spetsnaz are well known in the world for a reason, They have shown there extensive counter terrorism and sabotaging capabilities in battlefield.
让一支部队比另一支部队更优秀的是他们的作战经历和经验。西方和俄罗斯特种部队都拥有丰富的经验。别掉进西方媒体的宣传陷阱！俄罗斯特种部队在世界上享有盛名是有原因的，他们在战场上展现了强大的反恐和破坏能力。
So yes!! The russian spetsnaz are as good as the western special forces, the standard operating procedures of both are almost same but there field of operations do vary a bit. So they are both good into there own fields.
所以答案是肯定的！俄罗斯特种部队和西方特种部队一样优秀，两者的标准操作程序几乎相同，但作战领域略有不同。因此，他们在各自的领域都很出色。
Douglas Williams Former Entrepreneur
道格拉斯·威廉姆斯 前企业家
Most definitely. In fact they might even be slightly better.
The special operations forces of a country are like a surgeon’s scalpel; you don't use it for mundane work in the kitchen. These forces are employed on missions authorized at the highest political level, carry the greatest risks, and are thus shrouded in secrecy. They are the weapon of last resort for a nation’s political leaders.
绝对是（和西方特种部队一样优秀）。事实上，他们甚至可能略胜一筹。
一个国家的特种作战部队就像外科医生的手术刀，你不会用它来做厨房里的日常杂活。这些部队执行的是最高政治层面授权的任务，承担着最大的风险，因此行事高度保密。它们是国家政治领导人的最后手段。
Spetsnaz forces are trained in all the same disciplines as Western special ops forces. Unlike Western spec-ops, however, Russian Spetsnaz are also trained in carrying out terrorist actions such as hijackings, kidnappings, bombings, sabotage of enemy infrastructure (Nordstream pipeline?), WMD attacks, psychological warfare, torture, and high-level political assassinations.
俄罗斯特种部队接受的训练涵盖了西方特种作战部队的所有科目。但与西方特种部队不同的是，俄罗斯特种部队还接受过执行恐怖主义行动的训练，例如劫持、绑架、爆炸、破坏敌方基础设施（北溪管道？）、大规模杀伤性武器袭击、心理战、酷刑以及高级政治暗杀。
Paul Duggan Former First and Last
保罗·达根 前军人
40 years ago. The British army. As a volunteer army. Sent cooks on a six weeks basic training course of soldiering. Only after they were considered soldiers. Albeit minimum standards for soldiering. They were sent to train as cooks.
40年前，作为志愿兵役制军队的英国陆军，会先让厨师参加为期六周的基础军事训练。只有在他们达到军人标准（尽管是最低军人标准）后，才会派他们去接受厨师专业训练。
The ruzzians are giving their conscxted men two weeks training and sending them to the front line.
A British army cook is three times better trained than a ruzzian infantry man.
而俄罗斯人只给征召入伍的士兵两周训练，就把他们派往前线。
英国陆军的一名厨师，接受的训练都比俄罗斯步兵好三倍。
No. Is the answer to your question.
They are not as good
对你的问题，答案是否定的。
俄罗斯特种部队不如西方特种部队。
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