网友讨论:印度未能实现到2021年底为9.4亿成年人口接种两次疫苗的目标
2022-01-06 碧波荡漾恒河水 35808
正文翻译

The target was first announced by Prakash Javadekar in May, who was a minister in the federal government at the time.

今年(2021年)5月,时任联邦政府部长的Prakash Javadekar首次宣布了这一目标。

"Vaccination in India will be completed by December 2021," he said.

他说:“印度的疫苗接种将于2021年12月完成。”

How is the vaccine programme going?

这个疫苗计划进行得如何?

As of 30 December, 64% of India's adult population is fully vaccinated and around 90% has received the first dose.

截至12月30日,64%的印度成年人口已全面接种疫苗,约90%的人已接受了第一剂疫苗。

Experts said achieving the target of full vaccination coverage would take a long time.

专家表示,实现全面疫苗接种的目标将需要很长时间。

Dr Chandrakant Lahariya, an epidemiologist and health systems specialist, says the target set by the government was "unrealistic" because achieving 100% vaccine coverage at any given point would not be possible.

流行病学家和卫生系统专家Chandrakant Lahariya博士说,政府设定的目标是“不现实的”,因为在任何时候都不可能实现100%的疫苗覆盖率。

"There would always be some people who are unwilling to get vaccinated for various reasons," he said.

“总会有一些人因为各种原因不愿意接种疫苗,”他说。

Weekly vaccinations have slowed since the first week of December, according to India's vaccine dashboard - CoWin.

根据印度疫苗数据发布机构CoWin的数据,自12月的第一周以来,每周的疫苗接种速度已经放缓。

Since mid-October, more second doses have been given than first doses.

自10月中旬以来,打第二针的比第一针的多。

The daily vaccination numbers have been fluctuating with the highest number achieved on Prime Minister Narendra Modi's birthday on 17 September.

每日疫苗接种数量一直在波动,最高数量是9月17日达到的,那天是莫迪总理的生日。

Over 20 million jabs were administered on the day but the country has not been able to achieve the same number since.

当天注射的疫苗超过2000万支,但自那以来,该国一直未能达到同样的数量。
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While the monthly average for September was around 8.1 million doses a day, it fell to 5.4 million in October and 5.7 million in November.

9月份的月平均剂量约为810万剂,10月份和11月份分别降至540万剂和570万剂。

Some experts say if the September momentum had been kept up, India could have been closer to the target, but that demand would eventually have fallen.

一些专家说,如果9月份的增长势头保持下去,印度本可以更接近目标,但那个需求最终会下降。
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The vaccination drive, which started in January, faced challenges such as supply constraints due to raw materials shortages, logistical issues and vaccine hesitancy.

今年1月开始的疫苗接种运动面临着原材料短缺、后勤问题和疫苗接种犹豫等挑战。

By the second half of the year, the supply constraints had been addressed.

到今年下半年,供应受限问题已经得到解决。
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The challenge is now the demand rather than the supply.

现在的挑战是需求,而不是供应。

"The vaccination drive has slowed down now because people are hesitant to take the vaccine," says Dr Lahariya.

Lahariya博士说:“由于人们对接种疫苗犹豫不决,疫苗接种工作现在已经放缓。”

On 3 November, the government launched a vaccination programme to conduct at-home inoculations.

11月3日,政府启动了一项疫苗接种计划,在家中进行疫苗接种。

A month after the programme was announced, the first dose coverage had only increased by 6% and second dose coverage by 12%.

该计划宣布一个月后,第一剂覆盖率仅增加了6%,第二剂覆盖率仅增加了12%。

Mr Modi has now asked states to ramp up vaccinations in districts with low uptake amid Omicron fears.

出于欧米克戎的担忧,莫迪现在要求各邦在疫苗接种率低的地区加大疫苗接种力度。

Over the past few months, the 100% target has not been mentioned in any of the press conferences by the health ministry.

在过去的几个月里,印度卫生部的任何一次新闻发布会上都没有提到这个100%接种的目标。
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We asked the ministry about missing the target but did not hear back.

我们向国防部询问了没有达到目标的原因,但没有得到答复。

Does India have enough vaccines?

印度有足够的疫苗吗?

India is currently administering two locally-manufactured vaccines, Covishield and Covaxin, and the Russian vaccine Sputnik.

印度目前正在使用两种本土生产的疫苗Covishield和Covaxin,以及俄罗斯的Sputnik疫苗。

India's largest vaccine maker, Serum Institute of India (SII), was manufacturing 250 million doses of Covishield a month before the company announced production cuts in December due to a lack of orders.

印度最大的疫苗制造商,印度血清研究所(SII),由于缺少订单,在12月宣布停产,而前一个月该公司生产了2.5亿剂Covishield疫苗。

It now produces between 125 and 150 million doses a month.

现在它每月生产1.25亿到1.5亿剂疫苗。
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Bharat Biotech, the manufacturer of Covaxin, makes 50 to 60 million doses a month.

Covaxin的制造商Bharat Biotech每月生产5000万至6000万剂。
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India's health minister, Mansukh Mandaviya, recently said in parliament that states had a stock of 170 million vaccines as of 20 December.

印度卫生部长Mansukh Mandaviya最近在议会上说,截至12月20日,各邦有1.7亿疫苗库存。
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He added that the vaccine manufacturing capacity would rise from the current 310 million doses a month to 450 million doses a month in the next two months.

他补充说,疫苗生产能力目前为每月3.1亿剂,未来两个月将提高到每月4.5亿剂。

This may include vaccines from other manufacturers. The junior minister of health, Dr Bharati Pawar, said: "Both companies [Bharat Biotech and SII] have achieved 90% of their production capacity."

这可能包括来自其他制造商的疫苗。卫生部副部长Bharati Pawar博士说:“两家公司(Bharat Biotech和SII)都实现了90%的产能。”

The government has announced jabs for children aged 15 to 18 years and a booster programme for health workers and those above 60 years with other health conditions starting this month.

政府已宣布从本月开始为15至18岁的儿童接种疫苗,并为卫生工作者和60岁以上有其他健康状况的人制定了一剂加强针的方案。

SII chief, Adar Poonawalla, said earlier this month that the company has 500 million vaccines in stock in case the government announces a booster programme.

SII负责人Adar Poonawalla本月早些时候说,该公司有5亿疫苗库存,以防政府宣布加强针计划。

The health ministry has said that around 6.2 million doses have been wasted since the start of the vaccine programme, which is considerably below the number that the World Health Organisation (WHO) would expect to be wasted.

卫生部表示,自该疫苗项目启动以来,大约有620万剂疫苗被浪费,这大大低于世界卫生组织(WHO)预计被浪费的数量。

There are other Indian-made vaccines expected to be used against Covid.

预计还有其他印度制造的疫苗将用于对抗新冠病毒。
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What other vaccines can India use?

印度还可以使用什么疫苗?

Novavax, developed in the US and named Covavax in India, is being manufactured by SII - and has been granted emergency use listing by the WHO. It has also been granted approval by India.

Novavax是美国开发的,在印度被命名为Covavax,由SII生产,并已被世界卫生组织列入紧急使用名单。它也得到了印度的批准。

SII has told the BBC that it is currently stockpiling these vaccine doses, and the capacities to manufacture this vaccine would be separate from Covishield.

SII告诉BBC,它目前正在储备这些疫苗剂量,而这种疫苗的产能将独立于Covishield。

Bharat Biotech has sought approval for trials of its intranasal vaccine as a booster shot.

Bharat Biotech已寻求批准其鼻内疫苗作为一种加强剂进行试验。

Corbevax, manufactured by Biological-E, has also been granted approval in India.

biolic - e公司生产的Corbevax也在印度获得了批准。

India did give emergency use approval to the US-made Moderna vaccine in June, but so far no doses have been sent to India.

印度确实在6月批准了紧急使用美国制造的Moderna疫苗,但到目前为止,还没有这种疫苗送往印度。

Johnson & Johnson's single dose vaccine was granted approval in August but so far it hasn't been administered.

强生公司的单剂疫苗于8月份获批,但迄今尚未执行。

Supplies of foreign-made vaccines are facing legal hurdles over the manufacturers' desire for protection against legal claims arising out of using the vaccines - something no vaccine maker in India has at the moment.

外国生产的疫苗供应正面临法律障碍,这阻碍了疫苗制造商对使用疫苗引起的法律索赔进行保护的愿望——目前印度的疫苗制造商还没有这样做。

What about vaccine exports?

那么疫苗出口呢?

With the vaccine demand in India slowing and daily cases falling, SII resumed exporting vaccines in November to Covax, the global vaccine-sharing programme.

随着印度的疫苗需求放缓和每日病例下降,SII于11月恢复向全球疫苗共享计划Covax出口疫苗。

Before exports were halted by India in April, Covax was reliant on supplies from SII to support the vaccine programmes in low and middle-income countries.

在印度4月停止出口之前,Covax依赖于SII的供应来支持中低收入国家的疫苗规划。

But exports have been slow and Covax has since relied on other vaccines.

但是,Covax的出口一直缓慢,而且此后一直依赖于其他疫苗。
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Of the 700 million vaccines that have been delivered to 144 countries by Covax as of 14 December, around 40 million doses were provided by SII.

截至12月14日,Covax已向144个国家提供了7亿支疫苗,其中大约4000万支疫苗是由SII提供的。

Around 28 million of those doses were supplied between January and April 2021, according to Covax.

根据Covax的数据,大约2800万剂疫苗是2021年1月至4月期间供应的。

评论翻译
ethanxz8
Half the reason are people themselves.

一半的原因是印度人自己(不肯接种)。

real_me_0_0
I don't know who's downvoting u, but ur right. No matter how much awareness has been spread some people will still avoid getting vac, i have seen it so closely in my village, vac staff is going door to door telling them to get vaccinate but they just ignore them each fucking time. Imagine how many such people exists in the country.
Happy new year by the way

我不知道谁在踩你,但你说的对。无论进行多少宣传,一些人仍然会避免打疫苗。我在自己身边看到了这种情况,我们村里,疫苗接种人员挨家挨户的告诉他们去打疫苗,但他们每次都TM视而不见。想象一下,印度有多少这种人。
顺便说声,新年快乐。

hilarioustennis
Bruh my friend's father thinks it will make them sterile lmao

噗,我朋友的父亲觉得打疫苗会让他们不育,哈哈。

demo_crazy
Why is it that reason for all the success is Modiji, and reason for all the failures are the people?

为什么所有成功的原因归于莫迪,而所有失败的原因都是人民?

kapjain
Also keep in mind this is based on the numbers provided by the govt itself. Real numbers are most likely even less.

还要记住,这个报道的根据是政府自己提供的数字。实际数字很可能更少。
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plshelpthedog
They missed the deadline and 36% partially vaccinated is bad. But compared to the projections back in May, the unx government, state govts and SII did ramp up dramatically - so that is still an achievement.

他们错过了最后期限,36%的人部分接种了疫苗,情况很糟糕。但与5月份的预测相比,联邦政府、邦政府和SII确实大幅增长——所以这仍然是一个成就。
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Most media and people will anyway attribute this achievement entirely to modi government and that's probably what historical narrative will say too. And it's true that the ramp up wouldn't have been possible without their efforts.

大多数媒体和人们将把这一成就完全归功于莫迪政府,历史书上可能也会这样说。的确,如果没有他们的努力,这种增长是不可能实现的。
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Nonetheless, that's the operational part. But operations could improve only after the overall strategy and direction were set right. Till then, the short-sighted privatized strategy itself was hampering the ramp-up.

尽管如此,这是操作部分。但只有在确定整体战略和方向之后,操作才能得到改善。在此之前,短视的私有化战略本身阻碍了疫苗接种数量的增长。

For the strategic correction, we have to thank the judiciary - specifically the HCs of Delhi, Karnataka and Kerala soon followed by the SC bench of Chandrachud, and the unknown petitioners who approached them.

对于这一战略性纠正,我们必须感谢司法部门——特别是德里、卡纳塔克邦和喀拉拉邦的最高法院法官,紧接着是钱德拉丘德的最高法院法官,以及找到他们的不明身份的请愿者。

It was the judiciary's sharp questioning and criticisms of modi's privatized vaccination policy in May end that forced modi govt and state govts into making vaccinations free for all age groups and paved the way for the ramp-up.

5月底,司法部门对莫迪的私有化疫苗接种政策提出尖锐质疑和批评,迫使莫迪政府和邦政府对所有年龄段的人免费接种疫苗,为疫苗接种的增加铺平了道路。

demo_crazy
Imagine when not screwing us gigantically has to be considered as an achievement.

想象一下,不把我们搞得一团糟也算是一种成就。
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plshelpthedog
haha true. Screwing up is like their default. Just today, there's news of how they're screwing up their own hyped NEP implementation in Karnataka right from the start.

哈哈,确实。搞砸事情就像是他们的默认结果。就在今天,有消息称卡纳塔克邦从一开始就搞砸了他们自己大肆宣传的新经济政策。

fierze16
What can you say. The bar for world leaders is that low in the 21st century.

你能说什么呢?在21世纪,“世界领导人”的门槛很低。

Trevyr_Snow
People over the world were revering the New Zealand PM. The population of new zealand is 50-60L. Which is a small number compared to our dense af cities.

全世界的人们都尊敬新西兰总理。而新西兰的人口只有500-600万。与我们人口稠密的城市相比,这是个很小的数字。

Dizzy-Ad1883
As far as I remember mid 2022 was the target.

据我所知,该目标的截止期限是2022年中期。

sidvicc
It says something when an article called Reality Check which writes only data, facts and govt/scientists statements is perceived as 'belittling'.

当一篇名为“事实核查”的文章只写了数据、事实和政府/科学家言论,却被视为“有意矮化”,就能说明一些问题了。

Being over-sensitive just makes Indians look weak with inferiority-complex.

过于敏感只会让印度人显得虚弱,而且有自卑感。

Facts don't care about sentiments of any offended community.

事实不在乎任何被冒犯群体的情绪。

Bojackartless
Lmao, I still remember when the Indian govt confidently said it will have 2Bn doses in stock in Q2/December.

笑死我了,我还记得印度政府曾自信地说,第二季度/12月将有20亿剂库存。
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sasuke1975
People are not buying enough petrol and liquor. What to do? How can government furnish vaccines if Indian citizens are not buying liquor and petrol at projected numbers?

人们没有购买足够的汽油和酒类。要做什么吗?如果印度公民买不到预期数量的酒类和汽油,政府如何提供疫苗?

demo_crazy??
3 liquids which perpetuate india. Oil, booze and...

3种液体让印度永存,酒、汽油和……

Charlegme
Gaumutra?

牛尿?
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675mbzxx
WE'RE TRYING MAN

“我们在努力,好吧”

demo_crazy??
Thank you Modiji.

感谢你莫迪姬。

ivandor
This is okay. Give credit where credit is due. Even what has been done so far is pretty good.

不错。该表扬就表扬。即便目前的成果也相当喜人。
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BenevolentThanos
Yup. And what's more is they managed to bring the number of daily cases down and open the economy up to a reasonable extent. If only the west understood the challenges of fully vaccinating a 100 crore population.

是的。更重要的是,他们设法降低了每天的病例数量,并将经济开放到一个合理的程度。如果西方国家明白为10亿人口接种疫苗是多么大的挑战就好了。

ivandor
They didn't manage to bring down cases. Cases go up and come down in the course of a wave. Gov't doesn't cause it. I think they have done a good job of vaccinating people so far though.

他们没能设法降低病例数量。病例数量像波浪一样起起伏伏。但不是政府造成的。我认为到目前为止,他们在给人们接种疫苗方面做得很好。

BenevolentThanos
Are you suggesting that vaccination had no contribution in bringing the number of cases down?

你是在暗示疫苗接种对减少病例数量没有贡献吗?
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


ivandor
No it absolutely did have an effect, but if you look at the case numbers coming down VS the vaccinations being ramped up, you will notice that the cases went down way before even a significant portion of the population was vaccinated. This shows that the cases coming down was not mainly due to vaccinations, but rather the natural way a wave of infections goes through a population--where it peaks and comes down due to natural immunity.
Its not an either or, of course. My point is that of clarifying causation, not correlation.

不,接种疫苗确实有效果,但如果你看看病例数量下降与疫苗接种增加的对比,你会注意到早在很大一部分人接种疫苗之前病例数量就下降了。这表明,病例下降的主要原因不是接种疫苗,而是一波感染在人群中传播的自然表现——达到顶峰,然后由于自然免疫而下降。
当然,这不是一个非此即彼的问题。我的观点是为了澄清因果关系,而不是相关性。

BenevolentThanos
You're all over the place. The cases went down when a lockdown was implemented. Post that, the economy opened and people ventured out after a significant number of vaccines were given. Despite that, the cases didn't go up until Omicron came.
You're contradicting yourself in the space of 2 comments.

你太扯了。当封锁得到实施,病例数量就下降了。之后,经济开放了,人们在接种了大量疫苗后冒险外出。尽管如此,直到欧米克戎的到来,病例才开始上升。
你的这两个评论自相矛盾。

ivandor
Please point out my contradictions. I didn't even say anything about lockdowns. My comments only talk about vaccinations.

请指出我的矛盾之处。我都没说封锁的事我的评论只谈到疫苗接种。

BenevolentThanos
First you said that vaccinations didn't manage to bring down the cases and then you said that the vaccines did help bring down the number of cases.

一开始你说接种疫苗并不能降低病例数量,然后你又说疫苗确实有助于降低病例数量。

ivandor
Please quote me verbatim. Subtlety is lost on you.

请原原本本地引用我的话。你糊涂了。

BenevolentThanos
Lol looks like comprehension is not your strong suit. Besides, look like you live in Canada. What do you even know about India anyways. I've wasted enough of my time arguing with you.

哈哈,看来理解力不是你的强项。再说了,你似乎住在加拿大。你对印度到底了解多少。我已经浪费了太多的时间和你争论。

Charlegme
Was a weird and unreasonable goal anyways. I don't think any country in the world has achieved a 100% adult vaccination rate.

不管怎么说,这是个奇怪又不合理的目标。我不认为世界上有任何一个国家达到了100%的成人疫苗接种率。
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v00123
The target was anyway far too ambitious。
Still the vaccination drive shows how badly the govt manages stuff, instead of working on a strategy to ensure widespread adoption of vaccines among doubtful folks they are just showing the stick to health dept officials. Which is why to meet targets they are adding fake data.

不管怎么说,这个目标过于雄心勃勃了。
然而,疫苗接种运动表明政府管理工作是多么糟糕,他们没有制定策略,以确保疫苗在持怀疑态度的人群中得到广泛采用,而是把指标下发给卫生部门的官员。为了达到目标,后者填报了虚假数据。

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