网帖翻译

Indian children may no longer outgrow parentsupxed:

印度孩子的成长高度可能不会再超过父母：
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Indians are taller than they were a century ago, but the generational growth in height may be tapering off in the country far earlier than in other south-east Asian countries

印度人的身高比一个世纪前要高，但该国的代际增长的身高在逐渐降低，这现象可能比其他东南亚国家要早得多。（注：代际增长指上一代人与下一代人之间的增长。）

That Indians are among the shortest people in the world is now already well established, but could Indians, contrary to the global trend, be getting even shorter?

印度人是世界上最矮的人之一，这一点现在已经得到了很好的证实，但与全球趋势相反，印度人会变得更矮吗？

Between the two most recent rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), the NFHS-IV in 2015-16 and the NFHS-III in 2005-06, Indian men on average were 1cm shorter, while Indian women remained roughly the same height. The biggest fall in male height came in Karnataka, followed by Jharkhand and Haryana. In aggregate terms, the decline in height falls within sampling errors, but at the least, there is no evidence of an increase in height. In the previous decade (1995-96 to 2005-06), average male height grew 0.5cm but six states saw a fall in their average height, according to NFHS dataanalysed by demographer Abhishek Singh and others.

在最近两轮全国家庭健康调查(NFHS)中，2015-16年的全国家庭调查和2005-06年的全国家庭调查之间，印度男性平均矮了1厘米，而印度女性的身高基本保持不变。男性身高下降幅度最大的是卡纳塔克邦，其次是恰尔肯德邦和哈里亚纳邦。总体而言，身高的下降在抽样误差范围内，但至少没有证据表明身高有所增加。根据全国家庭调查，由人口学家阿披实·辛格（Abhishek Singh）和其他人分析的数据，在过去的十年中(1995-96到2005-06)，男性的平均身高增加了0.5厘米，但有6个州的平均身高下降了。
在大多数邦，成年男性的身高在过去十年中下降了，或者没有增长。

In both the earlier decade and the latest decade, the greatest increments in female height were in Kerala. The biggest improvement in male height in the late 90s and early 2000s was in Kerala, while in the most recent decade, it was in Himachal Pradesh.

在前十年和最近十年，女性身高增长最快的都是喀拉拉邦。在20世纪90年代末和21世纪初，男性身高改善最大的是喀拉拉邦，而在最近的十年里，男性身高提高最快的是喜马恰尔邦(Himachal Pradesh)。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

The shortest Indians—men in Meghalaya, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and Jharkhand— are shorter than the average national height of men of comparable age in any country in the world. The tallest men, meanwhile—those in Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala—are taller than the average male height in at least 30 countries. The shortest Indian women—those in Meghalaya, Tripura, Jharkhand and Bihar—are as short as the shortest women in the world, those in Guatemala and the Philippines. The tallest Indian women—those in Punjab, Jammu & Kashmir, Kerala and Haryana—are taller than those in over 40 countries.

最矮的印度人--梅加拉亚、锡金、"阿"邦(中国藏南)和恰尔肯德邦的男性，比世界上任何国家的同龄男性的平均身高都要矮。与此同时，查谟和克什米尔、旁遮普邦、喜马恰尔邦和喀拉拉邦的最高男性身高超过了至少30个国家的男性平均身高。最矮的印度女性-梅加拉亚、特里普拉、恰尔肯德和比哈尔邦的女性，和世界上最矮的女性危地马拉和菲律宾的女性一样矮。印度最高的女性：旁遮普、查谟和克什米尔、喀拉拉邦和哈里亚纳邦的女性，比40多个国家的女性都要高。
在如今22-23岁的年轻人中，印度的女性最矮。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Genes contribute to only a small portion of adult height, while environmental factors including mother’s health, infant and child nutrition, sanitation and environmental pollution explain the bulk of the difference in growth in height between groups, research has shown. In India, forward caste men are the tallest, and scheduled caste and scheduled tribe men the shortest.

研究表明，基因影响成年人身高的因素只占一小部分，而包括母亲健康、婴幼儿营养、卫生和环境污染在内的环境因素解释了不同群体之间身高增长差异的主要原因。在印度，种姓越高男子是最高的，而表列种姓和表列部族男子是最矮的。
（译注：表列种姓和表列部落,；是印度因历史原因形成的、处于印度主流社会之外的、印度宪法规定的两类社会弱势群体的总称。英国人统治印度次大陆时期，他们被称之为“被压迫阶级（贱民阶级）”。1950年的印度宪法将此两类群体专门列表（实际上是继承自英国），在议员选举中为他们保留席位，这些种姓和部落因此获得了表列种姓和表列部落的名称。此两类群体再加上印度其他落后阶层群体，共占印度总人口的60%，被划入印度保护人群。）

In 2016, a major study estimated adult heights across 200 countries of the world from the years 1896 to 1996. It found that while people were getting taller in most countries (except some sub-Saharan countries), the rate of change varied drastically across countries. The largest gains occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2cm and 16.5cm taller, respectively.

2016年，一项重大研究估算了从1896年到1996年全球200个国家的成年人身高。研究发现，虽然大多数国家的人都在变高(除了一些撒哈拉以南的国家)，但不同国家的身高变化速度差别很大。韩国女性和伊朗男性的身高增幅最大，分别增加了20.2厘米和16.5厘米。

There were also large gains in height in Japan, Greenland, some countries in Southern Europe and Central Europe.

日本、格陵兰、南欧和中欧的一些国家的身高也有大幅增长。

But while people continued to grow taller in some Southern European countries, many countries in Latin America and some in South-East Asia including China and Thailand (Chinese people are not taller than the Japanese), not all countries will keep getting taller. The US was the first western country to stop growing, followed by north European and east European countries. In Asia, the rise in height in Japan stopped in people born after the early 1960s. In South Korea, the flattening began in the cohorts born in the 1980s for men and it may have just begun in women.

但是，尽管一些南欧国家、拉丁美洲的许多国家以及包括中国和泰国在内的一些东南亚国家(中国人并不比日本人高)的人继续长高，但并不是所有的国家都会继续长高。美国是第一个停止增长的西方国家，紧随其后的是北欧和东欧国家。在亚洲，日本的身高增长在60年代初以后出生的人中止步不前。在韩国，这种扁平化开始于80年代出生的男性群体，而女性可能才刚刚开始放缓。

But in Bangladesh and India in South Asia, the rise in adult height seems to have plateaued at best, and this plateau has been hit at much lower levels of height than in East Asia.

但在南亚的孟加拉国和印度，成年人身高的上升似乎最多也只是停滞不前的稳定状态，而且这停滞的稳定状态的身高水平比东亚低得多。

Indians are not growing much although they are still 5-10cm shorter than Japan and South Korea were at the plateau. In fact, in the NCD-RisC database (the historical dataset created by a global team of researchers for the study), the height of Indian men has slightly declined every year from the mid-80s, starting from the cohort born in 1984, men who would today be 35 years old. Female height was still growing slowly. Indian men born in 1896 were on average 1 cm taller than Chinese men and 2 cm taller than South Korean men.

印度人增长得并不多，比停滞稳定下来的日本和韩国矮了5-10厘米。事实上，在NCD-RISC数据库(由全球科研人员组成的团队为这项研究创建的历史数据库)中，从80年代中期开始，印度男性的身高每年都略有下降，从1984年出生的男性开始，他们现在已经35岁了。女性身高仍在缓慢增长。1896年出生的印度男子平均比中国男子高1厘米，比韩国男子高2厘米。

By 1947, Chinese and South Korean boys born that year would grow to be 4cm taller than Indian boys born the same year. By 1996, that height disadvantage had grown to 7cm in relation to China and 10cm in comparison with South Korea.

到1947年，当年出生的中国和韩国男孩将比同年出生的印度男孩高出4厘米。到1996年，与中国和韩国相比，身高差距已经扩大到7厘米和10厘米。

Seen over time, Indians are undoubtedly taller than they were a century ago. But at best, improvements in child stunting have not been fast enough to match India’s pace of growth, and at worst, Indians have finished growing taller far earlier than expected.

随着时间的推移，印度人无疑比一个世纪前更高了。但最好的情况是，儿童发育迟缓的改善速度还不够快，无法跟上印度的增长速度，最坏的情况是，印度人停止长高的时间比预期的要早得多。