成吉思汗会把女儿嫁给盟国的国王。然后让他的国王女婿上战场，而他的女儿则接管统治。大多数女婿死于战争，他的女儿们完全控制了这些国家
正文翻译
Genghis Khan adopted a policy of strategic marriages. He would marry off a daughter to the king of an allied nation. The king’s other wives were dismissed. Then he would assign his new son-in-law to military duty in the Mongol wars, while the daughter took over the rule of the kingdom. Most sons-in-law died in combat.
In this way Genghis Khan built a shield around the Mongol homelands, while expanding beyond them. In his marital instructions to his daughter Alaqai, “He left no doubt that this was a major military assignment. She was not there merely to administer, but to rule -- thereby beginning the expansion of the Mongols from a tribal nation into a global empire.”
By the time of Genghis Khan’s death, his daughters ruled from the Yellow Sea to the Caspian. Probably never before, or since, have women held so much power over so vast a region.
As the daughters aged and died, the sons (and grandsons) seized their kingdoms. A new generation of women gained power: the daughters-in-law of Genghis Khan, who took power while their husbands drank themselves to death.
成吉思汗采取了战略联姻的策略。他把女儿嫁给结盟国家的国王。国王的其他妻子都被除掉了。然后，他会让他的女婿们参加蒙古的征战，大多数女婿都战死沙场，而他的女儿则接管了王国的统治。
成吉思汗就这样在蒙古本土周围建立了一个屏障，并向外扩展。在他给女儿阿刺海別乞的婚姻指示中，他说“这是一项重大的军事任务。她在那里不仅仅是为了管理，而是为了统治。这将是蒙古从一个部落国家扩张成为一个全球帝国的开始。”
成吉思汗去世时，他的女儿们统治着从黄海到里海的所有地区。在此之前和之后，女性从未在如此广阔的地区拥有如此大的权力。
随着女儿们的衰老和死亡，儿子们(和孙子们)夺取了她们的王国。但新一代的女性仍然获得了权力:成吉思汗的儿媳们在从酗酒而死的丈夫们手里获得了权力。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Genghis Khan adopted a policy of strategic marriages. He would marry off a daughter to the king of an allied nation. The king’s other wives were dismissed. Then he would assign his new son-in-law to military duty in the Mongol wars, while the daughter took over the rule of the kingdom. Most sons-in-law died in combat.
In this way Genghis Khan built a shield around the Mongol homelands, while expanding beyond them. In his marital instructions to his daughter Alaqai, “He left no doubt that this was a major military assignment. She was not there merely to administer, but to rule -- thereby beginning the expansion of the Mongols from a tribal nation into a global empire.”
By the time of Genghis Khan’s death, his daughters ruled from the Yellow Sea to the Caspian. Probably never before, or since, have women held so much power over so vast a region.
As the daughters aged and died, the sons (and grandsons) seized their kingdoms. A new generation of women gained power: the daughters-in-law of Genghis Khan, who took power while their husbands drank themselves to death.
成吉思汗采取了战略联姻的策略。他把女儿嫁给结盟国家的国王。国王的其他妻子都被除掉了。然后，他会让他的女婿们参加蒙古的征战，大多数女婿都战死沙场，而他的女儿则接管了王国的统治。
成吉思汗就这样在蒙古本土周围建立了一个屏障，并向外扩展。在他给女儿阿刺海別乞的婚姻指示中，他说“这是一项重大的军事任务。她在那里不仅仅是为了管理，而是为了统治。这将是蒙古从一个部落国家扩张成为一个全球帝国的开始。”
成吉思汗去世时，他的女儿们统治着从黄海到里海的所有地区。在此之前和之后，女性从未在如此广阔的地区拥有如此大的权力。
随着女儿们的衰老和死亡，儿子们(和孙子们)夺取了她们的王国。但新一代的女性仍然获得了权力:成吉思汗的儿媳们在从酗酒而死的丈夫们手里获得了权力。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
The Mongol Empire began to fall apart into quarrelling provinces, but rulers always had to be of the Borijin family of Genghis Khan. Often they were mere children, installed by a locally powerful warlord and then killed when they grew old enough to be dangerous.
In 1464, the Great Khan Manduul took a teenage bride named Manduhai. But by the time Manduhai was 23, the Great Khan was dead, so was his heir apparent, and the last Borijin was a five-year-old boy in uncertain health.
Marriage to the Great Khan’s widow was the direct way to the throne (for what it was worth). But Manduhai turned down the likeliest suitor. Then she married five-year-old Batu Mongke and proclaimed him Dayan Khan.
In an anarchic society where family ties were everything, says Weatherford, “They were both totally alone in the world.... They had no parents, siblings, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews or even cousins.... The orphan and the widow could scarcely be expected to survive alone, but they were not alone. They had each other.”
其后虽然蒙古帝国四分五裂，各省纷争不断，但统治者总是来自成吉思汗的黄金家族。他们通常都是孩子，由当地强大的军阀当作傀儡，当他们长大到足以构成危险时就被杀害。
1464年，大汗满都鲁娶了一个名叫满都海的十几岁新娘。但在满都海23岁的时候，可汗和他的继承人都去世了，黄金家族只剩了一个5岁男孩。
在当时，与大汗的遗孀结婚是通往王位的直接途径。满都海拒绝了所有的追求者。然后嫁给了这个五岁的男孩巴图孟克，并宣布他为达延汗。（巴图孟克年幼之时，得到了满都海抚养。成化二十三年（1487年），正式亲政，先后征服卫拉特部、亦思马因、火筛、亦卜剌，统一漠南蒙古，成为右翼蒙古的“中兴之主””。明孝宗和明武宗时期，多次入侵明朝北部边境，但在明武宗时期多次被击败，《明史》称其为“小王子”）
In 1464, the Great Khan Manduul took a teenage bride named Manduhai. But by the time Manduhai was 23, the Great Khan was dead, so was his heir apparent, and the last Borijin was a five-year-old boy in uncertain health.
Marriage to the Great Khan’s widow was the direct way to the throne (for what it was worth). But Manduhai turned down the likeliest suitor. Then she married five-year-old Batu Mongke and proclaimed him Dayan Khan.
In an anarchic society where family ties were everything, says Weatherford, “They were both totally alone in the world.... They had no parents, siblings, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews or even cousins.... The orphan and the widow could scarcely be expected to survive alone, but they were not alone. They had each other.”
其后虽然蒙古帝国四分五裂，各省纷争不断，但统治者总是来自成吉思汗的黄金家族。他们通常都是孩子，由当地强大的军阀当作傀儡，当他们长大到足以构成危险时就被杀害。
1464年，大汗满都鲁娶了一个名叫满都海的十几岁新娘。但在满都海23岁的时候，可汗和他的继承人都去世了，黄金家族只剩了一个5岁男孩。
在当时，与大汗的遗孀结婚是通往王位的直接途径。满都海拒绝了所有的追求者。然后嫁给了这个五岁的男孩巴图孟克，并宣布他为达延汗。（巴图孟克年幼之时，得到了满都海抚养。成化二十三年（1487年），正式亲政，先后征服卫拉特部、亦思马因、火筛、亦卜剌，统一漠南蒙古，成为右翼蒙古的“中兴之主””。明孝宗和明武宗时期，多次入侵明朝北部边境，但在明武宗时期多次被击败，《明史》称其为“小王子”）
The warrior queen
While raising her husband, Manduhai also went to war. She had to unite her people, control strategic grasslands, and break the power of local warlords . She went into battle alongside her soldiers, and steadily won.
Meanwhile, she was giving her boy-husband a good education in how to be an effective ruler.
She succeeded remarkably well. It took 30 years of war and diplomacy, but Manduhai united Mongolia without fighting China. (The Ming preferred to build the Great Wall instead.)
She also had eight children by Dayan Khan; the succession was assured. His descendants would rule Mongolia until the Soviets arrived in the 1920s.
在抚养丈夫的同时，满都海也参加了战争。她必须团结人民，控制草原，打破地方军阀势力。她和她的士兵并肩作战，并稳步取得胜利。
与此同时，她教育她的丈夫如何成为一个有为的统治者。
她非常成功。经过30年的战争和外交努力，满都海在没有与明朝开战的情况下统一了蒙古。(明朝人更喜欢建造长城。)
她还和达延汗生了八个孩子;汗位继承得到了保证。她的后代将一直统治蒙古，直到20世纪20年代苏联的到来。
While raising her husband, Manduhai also went to war. She had to unite her people, control strategic grasslands, and break the power of local warlords . She went into battle alongside her soldiers, and steadily won.
Meanwhile, she was giving her boy-husband a good education in how to be an effective ruler.
She succeeded remarkably well. It took 30 years of war and diplomacy, but Manduhai united Mongolia without fighting China. (The Ming preferred to build the Great Wall instead.)
She also had eight children by Dayan Khan; the succession was assured. His descendants would rule Mongolia until the Soviets arrived in the 1920s.
在抚养丈夫的同时，满都海也参加了战争。她必须团结人民，控制草原，打破地方军阀势力。她和她的士兵并肩作战，并稳步取得胜利。
与此同时，她教育她的丈夫如何成为一个有为的统治者。
她非常成功。经过30年的战争和外交努力，满都海在没有与明朝开战的情况下统一了蒙古。(明朝人更喜欢建造长城。)
她还和达延汗生了八个孩子;汗位继承得到了保证。她的后代将一直统治蒙古，直到20世纪20年代苏联的到来。
评论翻译
galeej
Definition of a win-fucking win scenario
The son in law is an able commander, you get multiple victories and a good heir to the throne
Son in law is an idiot, you get his kingdom and the daughter can just be married off to the next target
这种策略简直就是他妈的双赢
女婿是一个有能力的指挥官，你可以获得一连串的军事胜利和一个优秀的王位继承人
女婿是个白痴，你可以得到他的王国，女儿可以继续嫁给下一个目标
Definition of a win-fucking win scenario
The son in law is an able commander, you get multiple victories and a good heir to the throne
Son in law is an idiot, you get his kingdom and the daughter can just be married off to the next target
这种策略简直就是他妈的双赢
女婿是一个有能力的指挥官，你可以获得一连串的军事胜利和一个优秀的王位继承人
女婿是个白痴，你可以得到他的王国，女儿可以继续嫁给下一个目标
User avatar
He already had heirs.
The empire was divided among his four sons into the Golden Horde(which existed into the 19th century), the Yuan Dynasty(China), Chagatai khanate and ilkhanat
然而成吉思汗有自己的继承人。
帝国被他的四个儿子分成了金帐汗国(一直存在到19世纪)、元朝(中国)、察合台汗国和伊尔汗国
He already had heirs.
The empire was divided among his four sons into the Golden Horde(which existed into the 19th century), the Yuan Dynasty(China), Chagatai khanate and ilkhanat
然而成吉思汗有自己的继承人。
帝国被他的四个儿子分成了金帐汗国(一直存在到19世纪)、元朝(中国)、察合台汗国和伊尔汗国
weealex
Wait, am I misremembering? I could've sworn that the first generation did ok since Temujin declared Ogedei his heir and the general concensus was that he was a good choice, even among the squabbling brothers. While he had nowhere near the military skill nor the organizational skill of his father, he was a hugely charismatic man and was wise enough to listen to others and was pretty good at delegating. Ogedei's issue was severe alcoholism and it was his death that really started splintering the khanate. Well, that and the big Oirat rape. That seemed to have rubbed some of the Mongols the wrong way too.
等等，是我记错了吗?我记得自从铁木真宣布窝阔台为他的继承人以来，其他儿子们算是接受这一决定的，人们普遍认为窝阔台是一个不错的继承人，即使彼此争吵不休的兄弟们也是这么认为的。虽然窝阔台的军事能力和组织能力都不及他父亲，但他却极具魅力，善于听取他人意见，也很善于放权。窝阔台的问题是严重的酗酒，他的死使得蒙古帝国真正走向分裂。还有那个卫拉特强奸事件。似乎也惹恼了一些蒙古人。
Wait, am I misremembering? I could've sworn that the first generation did ok since Temujin declared Ogedei his heir and the general concensus was that he was a good choice, even among the squabbling brothers. While he had nowhere near the military skill nor the organizational skill of his father, he was a hugely charismatic man and was wise enough to listen to others and was pretty good at delegating. Ogedei's issue was severe alcoholism and it was his death that really started splintering the khanate. Well, that and the big Oirat rape. That seemed to have rubbed some of the Mongols the wrong way too.
等等，是我记错了吗?我记得自从铁木真宣布窝阔台为他的继承人以来，其他儿子们算是接受这一决定的，人们普遍认为窝阔台是一个不错的继承人，即使彼此争吵不休的兄弟们也是这么认为的。虽然窝阔台的军事能力和组织能力都不及他父亲，但他却极具魅力，善于听取他人意见，也很善于放权。窝阔台的问题是严重的酗酒，他的死使得蒙古帝国真正走向分裂。还有那个卫拉特强奸事件。似乎也惹恼了一些蒙古人。
YoureGrammarWronger
Yea. The immediate successors were able to work together a bit or at least not be openly defiant. By KublainKhan, he only ruled China.
是的。窝阔台统治时期，黄金家族的成员们还是能彼此共处的，或者至少不会公开挑衅。到了忽必烈时期，其仅能统治中国这一片疆域。
Yea. The immediate successors were able to work together a bit or at least not be openly defiant. By KublainKhan, he only ruled China.
是的。窝阔台统治时期，黄金家族的成员们还是能彼此共处的，或者至少不会公开挑衅。到了忽必烈时期，其仅能统治中国这一片疆域。
AcidFactory420
Golden Horde DIDN'T exist into the 19th century. It disintegrated into smaller Khanates in the 16th century , roughly coinciding with an expanding Muscowy/Russia.
Russia then annexed must of these Khanates - Kasimov, Astrakhan, Sibir, Nogai, Kazan etc. Only one remained till the 18th century (not 19th like you claim) - The Crimean Khanate (which is what I assume you were talking about). Calling the Crimean Khanate same as GH is same as calling GH as the Mongol Empire.
Crimea was annexed in 1783 by the Russian empire ending the last vestiges of the Mongol Empire in Europe. With the Mughal Empire having been completely subjugated by the Marathas in India, Mongol empire lost all of its descendant entities outside of mongolia proper.
金帐汗国它早在16世纪就已经解体成很多小汗国了，同一时期莫斯科公国/俄罗斯则开始扩张。
然后俄罗斯吞并了这些汗国——卡西姆汗国、阿斯特拉罕汗国、西伯利亚汗国、诺盖汗国、喀山汗国等。直到18世纪，只剩下一个克里米亚汗国（你说金帐汗国一直存在到19世纪，我猜你应该是指克里米亚汗国）。把克里米亚汗国称为金帐汗国，等于把金帐汗国称为蒙古帝国一样是错误的。
1783年，克里米亚汗国被俄罗斯帝国吞并，蒙古帝国在欧洲的最后残余也随之终结。随着莫卧儿帝国被印度的马拉地人完全征服，蒙古帝国失去了除蒙古本土以外的所有政权实体。
Golden Horde DIDN'T exist into the 19th century. It disintegrated into smaller Khanates in the 16th century , roughly coinciding with an expanding Muscowy/Russia.
Russia then annexed must of these Khanates - Kasimov, Astrakhan, Sibir, Nogai, Kazan etc. Only one remained till the 18th century (not 19th like you claim) - The Crimean Khanate (which is what I assume you were talking about). Calling the Crimean Khanate same as GH is same as calling GH as the Mongol Empire.
Crimea was annexed in 1783 by the Russian empire ending the last vestiges of the Mongol Empire in Europe. With the Mughal Empire having been completely subjugated by the Marathas in India, Mongol empire lost all of its descendant entities outside of mongolia proper.
金帐汗国它早在16世纪就已经解体成很多小汗国了，同一时期莫斯科公国/俄罗斯则开始扩张。
然后俄罗斯吞并了这些汗国——卡西姆汗国、阿斯特拉罕汗国、西伯利亚汗国、诺盖汗国、喀山汗国等。直到18世纪，只剩下一个克里米亚汗国（你说金帐汗国一直存在到19世纪，我猜你应该是指克里米亚汗国）。把克里米亚汗国称为金帐汗国，等于把金帐汗国称为蒙古帝国一样是错误的。
1783年，克里米亚汗国被俄罗斯帝国吞并，蒙古帝国在欧洲的最后残余也随之终结。随着莫卧儿帝国被印度的马拉地人完全征服，蒙古帝国失去了除蒙古本土以外的所有政权实体。
YoureGrammarWronger
Crimean khanate is a direct successor of the Golden Horde. It’s not any different than saying modern Germany is a continuation of the Reich or modern France is a continuation of the Kingdom of France. You know 8 is next to 9 right?
The Mughals are Mongolian but not usually considered directly descended
克里米亚汗国是金帐汗国的直接继承者。这和现代德国是德意志帝国的延续，或者现代法国是法兰西王国的延续没有什么不同。你知道什么是继承延续，对吧?
莫卧儿帝国的统治者是蒙古人，但通常不被认为是黄金家族的直系后裔。
Crimean khanate is a direct successor of the Golden Horde. It’s not any different than saying modern Germany is a continuation of the Reich or modern France is a continuation of the Kingdom of France. You know 8 is next to 9 right?
The Mughals are Mongolian but not usually considered directly descended
克里米亚汗国是金帐汗国的直接继承者。这和现代德国是德意志帝国的延续，或者现代法国是法兰西王国的延续没有什么不同。你知道什么是继承延续，对吧?
莫卧儿帝国的统治者是蒙古人，但通常不被认为是黄金家族的直系后裔。
ProfessorPetrus
What were those most notable feats of the russian empire? I know so little bout those motherfuckers.
俄罗斯帝国最引人注目的功绩是什么?我对那些混蛋了解甚少。
What were those most notable feats of the russian empire? I know so little bout those motherfuckers.
俄罗斯帝国最引人注目的功绩是什么?我对那些混蛋了解甚少。
AcidFactory420
To be precise, the Khanates of Kazan, Nogai, Astrakhan and Sibir were annexed by the Tsardom of Russia and not the Russian Empire. Basically the entity that was responsible for doubling and tripling the size of "Russia" , by expanding into Steppes, PLC and Siberia, was not the Russian Empire. Russian Empire mainly fought the Swedish, Qing and the kingdoms in the '-stans' in the beginning until those borders stabilized and Prussia/Germany, Austria-Hungary towards the end.
The eternal enemies of Russian Empire were the Ottomans though and both fought throughout their existence until the Russian Empire fell during WWI. Some of the greatest feats of the Russian Empire can be found during the Russo-Turkish Wars
卡西姆汗国、阿斯特拉罕汗国、西伯利亚汗国、诺盖汗国、喀山汗国均被沙皇俄国吞并。俄罗斯通过向大草原和西伯利亚扩张，将“俄罗斯”的版图扩大了两倍到三倍。起初，俄罗斯主要与瑞典、清朝和中亚的“斯坦”国作战，直到边境基本稳定下来，最后转而与普鲁士、德国、奥匈帝国作战。
然而，俄罗斯帝国的宿敌是奥斯曼帝国，他们一直互相打个没完，直到俄罗斯帝国在第一次世界大战中灭亡。
在俄土战争中，你可以看到俄罗斯帝国取得的伟大功绩。
To be precise, the Khanates of Kazan, Nogai, Astrakhan and Sibir were annexed by the Tsardom of Russia and not the Russian Empire. Basically the entity that was responsible for doubling and tripling the size of "Russia" , by expanding into Steppes, PLC and Siberia, was not the Russian Empire. Russian Empire mainly fought the Swedish, Qing and the kingdoms in the '-stans' in the beginning until those borders stabilized and Prussia/Germany, Austria-Hungary towards the end.
The eternal enemies of Russian Empire were the Ottomans though and both fought throughout their existence until the Russian Empire fell during WWI. Some of the greatest feats of the Russian Empire can be found during the Russo-Turkish Wars
卡西姆汗国、阿斯特拉罕汗国、西伯利亚汗国、诺盖汗国、喀山汗国均被沙皇俄国吞并。俄罗斯通过向大草原和西伯利亚扩张，将“俄罗斯”的版图扩大了两倍到三倍。起初，俄罗斯主要与瑞典、清朝和中亚的“斯坦”国作战，直到边境基本稳定下来，最后转而与普鲁士、德国、奥匈帝国作战。
然而，俄罗斯帝国的宿敌是奥斯曼帝国，他们一直互相打个没完，直到俄罗斯帝国在第一次世界大战中灭亡。
在俄土战争中，你可以看到俄罗斯帝国取得的伟大功绩。
Kdnfh
Son-in law is captured. Returned for a princely ransom and concessions.
Not all win-win.
如果女婿被俘。你需要支付巨额的赎金并做出一些让步。
并不是所有情况下都是双赢。
Son-in law is captured. Returned for a princely ransom and concessions.
Not all win-win.
如果女婿被俘。你需要支付巨额的赎金并做出一些让步。
并不是所有情况下都是双赢。
galeej
I somehow doubt Genghis would pay a ransom. More like send subotai and fuck up the guys who kidnapped his sil.
我觉得成吉思汗不会付赎金。更像是会派大将速不台去干掉绑架他女婿的人。
I somehow doubt Genghis would pay a ransom. More like send subotai and fuck up the guys who kidnapped his sil.
我觉得成吉思汗不会付赎金。更像是会派大将速不台去干掉绑架他女婿的人。
kakkarot_73
This man wiped out 10% of the world’s population at the time. I think you’re right.
这个人杀死了当时世界上10%的人口。我想你是对的。
This man wiped out 10% of the world’s population at the time. I think you’re right.
这个人杀死了当时世界上10%的人口。我想你是对的。
SpitefulShrimp
He had lots of progressive ideals. Installing female leaders, allowing conquered civilizations to keep their culture and religion as long as they were willing to cooperate and follow him, requiring ethnic groups, even his own, to intermingle and learn from each other. Dude was a egalitarian multicultural globalist, if you can overlook the staggering amounts of murder and rape.
成吉思汗有许多进步的理念。比如安置女性领导人，允许被征服的文明保留他们的文化和宗教，只要他们愿意合作和跟随他，要求各族，甚至他自己的族人，相互融合和学习。这家伙是一个平等主义的多元文化全球主义者，如果你能忽略那些令人震惊的谋杀和强奸。
He had lots of progressive ideals. Installing female leaders, allowing conquered civilizations to keep their culture and religion as long as they were willing to cooperate and follow him, requiring ethnic groups, even his own, to intermingle and learn from each other. Dude was a egalitarian multicultural globalist, if you can overlook the staggering amounts of murder and rape.
成吉思汗有许多进步的理念。比如安置女性领导人，允许被征服的文明保留他们的文化和宗教，只要他们愿意合作和跟随他，要求各族，甚至他自己的族人，相互融合和学习。这家伙是一个平等主义的多元文化全球主义者，如果你能忽略那些令人震惊的谋杀和强奸。
Scaryfood
Weird as hell seeing all these comments romanticizing Genghis. His brutality and genocidal nature put Hitler and Stalin to shame when talking about Eastern and Central Asia. He was by no means a good person, and he was by no means a honorable fighter. I dare any of you guys to go to China or Korea or even Japan and say that Genghis Khan was a great ruler and tactician.
看到一些把成吉思汗浪漫化的评论真是太奇怪了。成吉思汗在东亚和中亚的残暴行径和种族灭绝让希特勒和斯大林都自惭形愧。他绝不是一个好人，也绝不是一个拥有荣誉的战士。我谅你们任何人都不敢站在中国、韩国甚至日本夸成吉思汗是一个伟大的统治者和战略家。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Weird as hell seeing all these comments romanticizing Genghis. His brutality and genocidal nature put Hitler and Stalin to shame when talking about Eastern and Central Asia. He was by no means a good person, and he was by no means a honorable fighter. I dare any of you guys to go to China or Korea or even Japan and say that Genghis Khan was a great ruler and tactician.
看到一些把成吉思汗浪漫化的评论真是太奇怪了。成吉思汗在东亚和中亚的残暴行径和种族灭绝让希特勒和斯大林都自惭形愧。他绝不是一个好人，也绝不是一个拥有荣誉的战士。我谅你们任何人都不敢站在中国、韩国甚至日本夸成吉思汗是一个伟大的统治者和战略家。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
powlift
What he did was totally acceptable where he was from and for the time period, don't put modern Western values onto a Mongolian steppe nomad from the 13th century
他的所作所为在那个时代他成长的地方是完全可以接受的，不要把现代西方价值观强加给一个13世纪的蒙古草原牧民
What he did was totally acceptable where he was from and for the time period, don't put modern Western values onto a Mongolian steppe nomad from the 13th century
他的所作所为在那个时代他成长的地方是完全可以接受的，不要把现代西方价值观强加给一个13世纪的蒙古草原牧民
PhantomRoyce
My step mom is one of his direct descendants and she told me a ton of stories about him. Apparently he was really short and really didn’t like people who were taller than him so if you were taller than a wagon wheel he would have you executed.
我的继母是成吉思汗的直系后裔，她给我讲了很多关于他的故事。据说成吉思汗很矮，不喜欢比他高的人，所以如果你比车轮高，他就会处死你。
My step mom is one of his direct descendants and she told me a ton of stories about him. Apparently he was really short and really didn’t like people who were taller than him so if you were taller than a wagon wheel he would have you executed.
我的继母是成吉思汗的直系后裔，她给我讲了很多关于他的故事。据说成吉思汗很矮，不喜欢比他高的人，所以如果你比车轮高，他就会处死你。
MellowMattie
He also spared cities if those cities handed over all their unmarried women of marriageable age and gave him half their possessions while agreeing to supply his troops anytime they rode by.
Believe it or not, a fair few cities agree to this. Especially because in cities that didn't he would kill everyone except for marriageable aged women, who he'd enslave as "war wives" for his men... and leave a handful of men alive and send them to the next city over to let them know what happens when they don't surrender.
Kind of makes the whole "give us your young women as slaves and half your stuff or else" offer seem like the more rational choice.
他在征战中保留了一些城市，条件是这些城市将所有适婚的未婚女子交给他，并将一半财产分给他，同时答应让他的军队在任何时候自由通过城市。
信不信由你，相当多的城市同意这一点。如果拒绝，他会杀死适婚女性之外的其他所有人,他会把这些女人作为“战争妻子”赏赐给手下的士兵……其余人只留几个活口，派他们去下一个城市讲述经历的一切，让他们知道如果不投降会发生什么。
与之相比，“交出你们的年轻女人当奴隶，并上交一半的财产”就成了理智的选择。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
He also spared cities if those cities handed over all their unmarried women of marriageable age and gave him half their possessions while agreeing to supply his troops anytime they rode by.
Believe it or not, a fair few cities agree to this. Especially because in cities that didn't he would kill everyone except for marriageable aged women, who he'd enslave as "war wives" for his men... and leave a handful of men alive and send them to the next city over to let them know what happens when they don't surrender.
Kind of makes the whole "give us your young women as slaves and half your stuff or else" offer seem like the more rational choice.
他在征战中保留了一些城市，条件是这些城市将所有适婚的未婚女子交给他，并将一半财产分给他，同时答应让他的军队在任何时候自由通过城市。
信不信由你，相当多的城市同意这一点。如果拒绝，他会杀死适婚女性之外的其他所有人,他会把这些女人作为“战争妻子”赏赐给手下的士兵……其余人只留几个活口，派他们去下一个城市讲述经历的一切，让他们知道如果不投降会发生什么。
与之相比，“交出你们的年轻女人当奴隶，并上交一半的财产”就成了理智的选择。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
quijote3000
Not always. There were plenty of cities that surrendered, after being told what would happen if they didn't surrender, and Genghis destroyed them anyway, making sure everybody was killed or enslaved so nobody knew what would happen if they surrendered anyway
不总是这样。在被告知如果不投降会发生什么之后，有很多城市投降了，成吉思汗还是毁灭了他们，城里的每个人不是被杀害就是被奴役，所以没有人知道如果他们投降会发生什么
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Not always. There were plenty of cities that surrendered, after being told what would happen if they didn't surrender, and Genghis destroyed them anyway, making sure everybody was killed or enslaved so nobody knew what would happen if they surrendered anyway
不总是这样。在被告知如果不投降会发生什么之后，有很多城市投降了，成吉思汗还是毁灭了他们，城里的每个人不是被杀害就是被奴役，所以没有人知道如果他们投降会发生什么
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
bramenstruik
Nah, Genghis had a pretty clear system, “if you surrender, you will live. If you resist, I will destroy everything you hold dear and only leave the ashes behind”
不，成吉思汗有一套很明确的制度，"如果你投降，你就能活下去。如果你反抗，我会毁掉你所珍爱的一切只留下一片灰烬"
Nah, Genghis had a pretty clear system, “if you surrender, you will live. If you resist, I will destroy everything you hold dear and only leave the ashes behind”
不，成吉思汗有一套很明确的制度，"如果你投降，你就能活下去。如果你反抗，我会毁掉你所珍爱的一切只留下一片灰烬"
cakeisgreat
Why should they surrender? Because the rapist murderer says he will let you live? Thats horrible shit. Then he marries his daughter to your son and kills your son in war and steals your blood line. That man was the devil.
他们为什么要投降?就因为这个强奸犯屠夫说投降会让你活下去吗?什么狗屎。然后他把女儿嫁给你的儿子，在战争中杀了你的儿子断绝你的血脉。那个人就是魔鬼。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Why should they surrender? Because the rapist murderer says he will let you live? Thats horrible shit. Then he marries his daughter to your son and kills your son in war and steals your blood line. That man was the devil.
他们为什么要投降?就因为这个强奸犯屠夫说投降会让你活下去吗?什么狗屎。然后他把女儿嫁给你的儿子，在战争中杀了你的儿子断绝你的血脉。那个人就是魔鬼。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
ThatKennedy
I am well aware of his history. Ive studied his life and I have Mongolian friends and I've visited Mongolia myself. To this day he is their national hero. Damn near everything is named after him. From their local beer to their international airport
我很清楚他的历史。我研究过他的生活，我有蒙古朋友，我自己也访问过蒙古。直到今天，成吉思汗仍是他们的民族英雄。几乎所有东西都以他命名。从当地的啤酒品牌到国际机场
I am well aware of his history. Ive studied his life and I have Mongolian friends and I've visited Mongolia myself. To this day he is their national hero. Damn near everything is named after him. From their local beer to their international airport
我很清楚他的历史。我研究过他的生活，我有蒙古朋友，我自己也访问过蒙古。直到今天，成吉思汗仍是他们的民族英雄。几乎所有东西都以他命名。从当地的啤酒品牌到国际机场
Chrisjex
It's a little strange how Ghengis Khan is seen as a hero in Mongolia in this day and age.
Guy was one of the most brutal leaders of all time, he would ride along the Steppe and just massacre entire cities -women and children included- for no reason other than simple greed and bloodlust. He's famous today for just how effective he was at being a complete monster, not for any virtuous ideals he fought for or upheld.
Now he's the hero of a nation. I do hope Hitler doesn't end up a hero to Germans in a few hundred years time...
在这个时代，成吉思汗居然在蒙古被视为英雄，这有点奇怪。
成吉思汗是有史以来最残忍的领导人之一，他骑着马沿着大草原屠杀经过的整个城市——包括妇女和儿童——没有任何理由，仅仅是因为贪婪和嗜血。如今，他之所以闻名于世，是因为他的怪物形象，而不是因为他为之奋斗或维护的任何道德理想。
现在他成了一个国家的英雄。我真的希望希特勒不会在几百年后成为德国人心目中的英雄……
It's a little strange how Ghengis Khan is seen as a hero in Mongolia in this day and age.
Guy was one of the most brutal leaders of all time, he would ride along the Steppe and just massacre entire cities -women and children included- for no reason other than simple greed and bloodlust. He's famous today for just how effective he was at being a complete monster, not for any virtuous ideals he fought for or upheld.
Now he's the hero of a nation. I do hope Hitler doesn't end up a hero to Germans in a few hundred years time...
在这个时代，成吉思汗居然在蒙古被视为英雄，这有点奇怪。
成吉思汗是有史以来最残忍的领导人之一，他骑着马沿着大草原屠杀经过的整个城市——包括妇女和儿童——没有任何理由，仅仅是因为贪婪和嗜血。如今，他之所以闻名于世，是因为他的怪物形象，而不是因为他为之奋斗或维护的任何道德理想。
现在他成了一个国家的英雄。我真的希望希特勒不会在几百年后成为德国人心目中的英雄……
ThatKennedy
Mongolia has been subjugated in the modern construct, they pick the leader that denies their modern oppression.
蒙古屈服于现代国际秩序，所以他们选择怀念成吉思汗来抵消现代秩序带给他们的压迫感。
Mongolia has been subjugated in the modern construct, they pick the leader that denies their modern oppression.
蒙古屈服于现代国际秩序，所以他们选择怀念成吉思汗来抵消现代秩序带给他们的压迫感。
JUSTlNCASE
Yall are insane for glorifying him and calling him a feminist lmao.
一些人疯狂地赞美成吉思汗，称他为女权主义者，笑死我了
Yall are insane for glorifying him and calling him a feminist lmao.
一些人疯狂地赞美成吉思汗，称他为女权主义者，笑死我了
thepesterman
Hey let's not forget that the result of all that killing actually significantly reduced the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere, he's was just an environmentalist trying to tackle global warming...
嘿，我们不要忘记，所有这些杀戮的结果实际上显著减少了大气中的二氧化碳量，所以成吉思汗只是一个试图解决全球变暖问题的环保主义者……
Hey let's not forget that the result of all that killing actually significantly reduced the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere, he's was just an environmentalist trying to tackle global warming...
嘿，我们不要忘记，所有这些杀戮的结果实际上显著减少了大气中的二氧化碳量，所以成吉思汗只是一个试图解决全球变暖问题的环保主义者……
lilcchu
I’m an American dude. We call our soldiers heroes and thank them for their service. You don’t think they rape and murder? How bout the fact that we still fucking celebrate Columbus day? Funny how history class never talks about his truths.
我是个美国人。我们称我们的士兵为英雄，感谢他们的参军服役。难道他们没有犯过强奸和谋杀罪吗?那我们还他妈地庆祝哥伦布日呢?有趣的是历史课从不谈论真相。
I’m an American dude. We call our soldiers heroes and thank them for their service. You don’t think they rape and murder? How bout the fact that we still fucking celebrate Columbus day? Funny how history class never talks about his truths.
我是个美国人。我们称我们的士兵为英雄，感谢他们的参军服役。难道他们没有犯过强奸和谋杀罪吗?那我们还他妈地庆祝哥伦布日呢?有趣的是历史课从不谈论真相。
OldWarrior
What he’s saying is that on a matter of scale, Genghis was a monster. You don’t minimize Hitler by saying “yeah, but every side commits war crimes,” and you don’t minimize Genghis by making some vague comparison to U.S. soldiers.
就屠杀和强奸规模而言，成吉思汗是个怪物。你不能说“是的，二战中每个国家的军队都犯过战争罪”来为希特勒开脱，你也不能用美国士兵来为成吉思汗开脱。
What he’s saying is that on a matter of scale, Genghis was a monster. You don’t minimize Hitler by saying “yeah, but every side commits war crimes,” and you don’t minimize Genghis by making some vague comparison to U.S. soldiers.
就屠杀和强奸规模而言，成吉思汗是个怪物。你不能说“是的，二战中每个国家的军队都犯过战争罪”来为希特勒开脱，你也不能用美国士兵来为成吉思汗开脱。
modsarefascists42
any one of our soldiers that murders or rapes is no fucking hero. being a hero is something earned through action, not by simply being in the military
任何一个犯下谋杀或强奸罪的士兵都不是他妈的英雄，成为英雄是通过战斗获得的，而不是参了军就是英雄。
any one of our soldiers that murders or rapes is no fucking hero. being a hero is something earned through action, not by simply being in the military
任何一个犯下谋杀或强奸罪的士兵都不是他妈的英雄，成为英雄是通过战斗获得的，而不是参了军就是英雄。
Scaryfood
I mean Hitler was an avid anti-smoker before the rest of the western world understood the dangers, and he also personally congratulated Jesse Owens on his victory, even when the current president of the US wouldn't do so on fact the runner was black. Don't go about saying Genghis khan was a good guy lol
希特勒是一个狂热的反吸烟主义者，在西方世界了解其危险面目之前，他还祝贺美国黑人运动员杰西·欧文斯获胜，当时的美国总统都不会这样做，仅仅因为这位运动员是个黑人。所以别到处说成吉思汗是个好人了，希特勒比他更好，哈哈。
I mean Hitler was an avid anti-smoker before the rest of the western world understood the dangers, and he also personally congratulated Jesse Owens on his victory, even when the current president of the US wouldn't do so on fact the runner was black. Don't go about saying Genghis khan was a good guy lol
希特勒是一个狂热的反吸烟主义者，在西方世界了解其危险面目之前，他还祝贺美国黑人运动员杰西·欧文斯获胜，当时的美国总统都不会这样做，仅仅因为这位运动员是个黑人。所以别到处说成吉思汗是个好人了，希特勒比他更好，哈哈。
imajeff
Founders of big Japanese companies preferred having daughters because they could choose their son in law that will take over their company.
日本大公司的创始人更喜欢女儿，因为他们可以选择合适的女婿来接管他们的公司。
Founders of big Japanese companies preferred having daughters because they could choose their son in law that will take over their company.
日本大公司的创始人更喜欢女儿，因为他们可以选择合适的女婿来接管他们的公司。
NephilimXXXX
I thought the method now was to adopt a man as a son and then have him take over the company? It skips the whole "have a daughter and make her marry the guy you want" step.
Example: "98% of all Japanese adoptions are employers adopting the adult men on their staff, not children"
日本现在流行直接收养一个男人当儿子，然后让他接管公司。直接跳过“生个女儿，让她嫁给你想要的接班人”这一步骤。
例如:“在日本，98%的收养案例，都是雇主收养成年男性员工，而不是孩子。”
I thought the method now was to adopt a man as a son and then have him take over the company? It skips the whole "have a daughter and make her marry the guy you want" step.
Example: "98% of all Japanese adoptions are employers adopting the adult men on their staff, not children"
日本现在流行直接收养一个男人当儿子，然后让他接管公司。直接跳过“生个女儿，让她嫁给你想要的接班人”这一步骤。
例如:“在日本，98%的收养案例，都是雇主收养成年男性员工，而不是孩子。”
In Japan, 98% of adoptions are actually adult men, aged between 20-30 years old — not children.
It all started hundreds of years ago when Japan’s civil code dictated how a family's wealth would be passed on after the death of the family elder.
Money and assets were traditionally passed through male lines in the family — starting with the eldest. However, if a family did not have any blood-related sons, the law said that adopted sons could carry on the family name, business, and receive the wealth upon the death of the head of the family.
In households which only have daughters, a family would look to adopt a son, so they could fulfil the role of carrying on the family business as well as receiving and being custodian to the family's cash and assets.
Nowadays, legal adoption of this kind is paired up with an arranged marriage — known as "omiai" — of a daughter, meaning the adopted son becomes son and son-in-law at the same time because he changes his name to the wife's family name ("mukoyoshi").
在日本，98%的收养对象都是20-30岁的成年男性，而不是儿童。
一切都始于数百年前，当时日本的法典规定了家族长辈去世后，家族财富的传承方式。
在家族中，金钱和财产传统上是通过男性血脉传承的——按年龄划分继承顺序。然而，如果一个家族没有儿子，按照法律规定，收养的儿子可以继承家族的姓氏，生意，并在户主去世后获得家族财富。
在只有女儿的家族中，家族希望收养一个儿子，这样他们就可以继承家族企业以及接收和保管家庭现金和资产。
如今，这种合法的收养已经与女儿的包办婚姻结合在一起，称为“婿养子”，也就是说养子会同时成为儿子和女婿，他的姓氏也将改成妻子的姓。
It all started hundreds of years ago when Japan’s civil code dictated how a family's wealth would be passed on after the death of the family elder.
Money and assets were traditionally passed through male lines in the family — starting with the eldest. However, if a family did not have any blood-related sons, the law said that adopted sons could carry on the family name, business, and receive the wealth upon the death of the head of the family.
In households which only have daughters, a family would look to adopt a son, so they could fulfil the role of carrying on the family business as well as receiving and being custodian to the family's cash and assets.
Nowadays, legal adoption of this kind is paired up with an arranged marriage — known as "omiai" — of a daughter, meaning the adopted son becomes son and son-in-law at the same time because he changes his name to the wife's family name ("mukoyoshi").
在日本，98%的收养对象都是20-30岁的成年男性，而不是儿童。
一切都始于数百年前，当时日本的法典规定了家族长辈去世后，家族财富的传承方式。
在家族中，金钱和财产传统上是通过男性血脉传承的——按年龄划分继承顺序。然而，如果一个家族没有儿子，按照法律规定，收养的儿子可以继承家族的姓氏，生意，并在户主去世后获得家族财富。
在只有女儿的家族中，家族希望收养一个儿子，这样他们就可以继承家族企业以及接收和保管家庭现金和资产。
如今，这种合法的收养已经与女儿的包办婚姻结合在一起，称为“婿养子”，也就是说养子会同时成为儿子和女婿，他的姓氏也将改成妻子的姓。
Why it is huge in Japanese corporate culture
In Japan, there are even matchmaking companies that recruit voluntary adoptees for Japanese corporates.
Some of Japan's most famous companies have remained a "family-run" businesses because of "mukoyoshi," such as carmaker Toyota, which was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937.
in fact, the current chairman and CEO Osamu Suzuki is the fourth consecutively adopted son to run the group.
At the financial services firm Matsui Securities, the group is run by Michio Matsui, its fourth president to be taken into the family.
Multi-nationals are not the only companies that seek "mukoyoshi." The world’s oldest family company Hoshi is an inn in Japan that was founded in 781. It has been in the family for 46 generations. When there were only girls in the family, the elders adopted a daughter's husband.
在日本，甚至有婚介公司为日本企业招募自愿被收养的人。
由于“婿养子文化”的存在，日本一些最著名的公司一直是“家族经营”的企业，比如丰田，丰田章男于1937年创立了丰田汽车企业。
事实上，铃木现任董事长兼首席执行官铃木修是连续第四位经营集团的婿养子。
金融服务界的松井证券，该集团由松井道夫管理，他是松井道夫的第四任掌门人，也是一位婿养子。
跨国公司并不是唯一保持“婿养子”文化的公司。像 Hoshi 这样的传统日式旅馆也是婿养子继承制度，成立于781年。这个家族已经传了46代了。当家里只有女孩时，长辈们就收养一个女婿继承家业。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
In Japan, there are even matchmaking companies that recruit voluntary adoptees for Japanese corporates.
Some of Japan's most famous companies have remained a "family-run" businesses because of "mukoyoshi," such as carmaker Toyota, which was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937.
in fact, the current chairman and CEO Osamu Suzuki is the fourth consecutively adopted son to run the group.
At the financial services firm Matsui Securities, the group is run by Michio Matsui, its fourth president to be taken into the family.
Multi-nationals are not the only companies that seek "mukoyoshi." The world’s oldest family company Hoshi is an inn in Japan that was founded in 781. It has been in the family for 46 generations. When there were only girls in the family, the elders adopted a daughter's husband.
在日本，甚至有婚介公司为日本企业招募自愿被收养的人。
由于“婿养子文化”的存在，日本一些最著名的公司一直是“家族经营”的企业，比如丰田，丰田章男于1937年创立了丰田汽车企业。
事实上，铃木现任董事长兼首席执行官铃木修是连续第四位经营集团的婿养子。
金融服务界的松井证券，该集团由松井道夫管理，他是松井道夫的第四任掌门人，也是一位婿养子。
跨国公司并不是唯一保持“婿养子”文化的公司。像 Hoshi 这样的传统日式旅馆也是婿养子继承制度，成立于781年。这个家族已经传了46代了。当家里只有女孩时，长辈们就收养一个女婿继承家业。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Why it is unlikely this tradition will die
While Japan’s civil code has changed since World War II, old traditions die hard.
Plus, Japan continues to suffer from an ageing population crisis. Birth rates have been radically dropping since 1950 and the population is awash with old people.
In September last year, the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare revealed that Japan has broken its own record for most centenarians by population for the 46th straight year.
Nationwide, an entire generation of Japanese citizens — going on two generations, in fact — are entering retirement age. Of the 127 million people who live there, roughly 25% are over 65. (Baby Boomers, by comparison, only make up 13.5% of the total US population.) By 2060, the proportion of people 65-plus in Japan could rise to 40%.
This is a massive problem — the generations that are supposed to replace the elderly are not reproducing, Business Insider's Chris Weller noted last year.
Countries need a "replacement fertility rate" of 2.1 births per woman to keep the population from shrinking. Japan's fertility rate is 1.4
As a result, the country's economy has been shrinking for decades.
So when it comes to marriage and carrying on the bloodline, it looks like adult adoption is a practical way to keep the family line going.
为什么这个传统不会消亡
虽然日本的民法典自二战以来发生了变化，但旧的传统很难改变。
此外，日本继续遭受人口老龄化危机。自1950年以来，出生率一直在急剧下降，人口中充斥着老年人。
去年9月，日本厚生劳动省透露，日本已经连续46年打破了本国百岁老人人口记录。
从全国范围来看，整整一代日本公民——实际上已经有两代人——正在步入退休年龄。居住在那里的1.27亿人口中，大约25%的人超过65岁。(相比之下，婴儿潮一代只占美国总人口的13.5%。)到2060年，日本65岁以上人口的比例可能会升至40%。
商业内幕网的克里斯·韦勒去年指出，这是一个巨大的问题——本该取代老人的一代没有生育。
各国需要每个妇女生育2.1个孩子的“替代生育率”来防止人口减少。而日本的生育率是1.4，这个国家的经济几十年来一直在萎缩。
因此，在婚姻和传宗接代方面，收养成年人似乎是一种保持家族延续的实际方法
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
While Japan’s civil code has changed since World War II, old traditions die hard.
Plus, Japan continues to suffer from an ageing population crisis. Birth rates have been radically dropping since 1950 and the population is awash with old people.
In September last year, the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare revealed that Japan has broken its own record for most centenarians by population for the 46th straight year.
Nationwide, an entire generation of Japanese citizens — going on two generations, in fact — are entering retirement age. Of the 127 million people who live there, roughly 25% are over 65. (Baby Boomers, by comparison, only make up 13.5% of the total US population.) By 2060, the proportion of people 65-plus in Japan could rise to 40%.
This is a massive problem — the generations that are supposed to replace the elderly are not reproducing, Business Insider's Chris Weller noted last year.
Countries need a "replacement fertility rate" of 2.1 births per woman to keep the population from shrinking. Japan's fertility rate is 1.4
As a result, the country's economy has been shrinking for decades.
So when it comes to marriage and carrying on the bloodline, it looks like adult adoption is a practical way to keep the family line going.
为什么这个传统不会消亡
虽然日本的民法典自二战以来发生了变化，但旧的传统很难改变。
此外，日本继续遭受人口老龄化危机。自1950年以来，出生率一直在急剧下降，人口中充斥着老年人。
去年9月，日本厚生劳动省透露，日本已经连续46年打破了本国百岁老人人口记录。
从全国范围来看，整整一代日本公民——实际上已经有两代人——正在步入退休年龄。居住在那里的1.27亿人口中，大约25%的人超过65岁。(相比之下，婴儿潮一代只占美国总人口的13.5%。)到2060年，日本65岁以上人口的比例可能会升至40%。
商业内幕网的克里斯·韦勒去年指出，这是一个巨大的问题——本该取代老人的一代没有生育。
各国需要每个妇女生育2.1个孩子的“替代生育率”来防止人口减少。而日本的生育率是1.4，这个国家的经济几十年来一直在萎缩。
因此，在婚姻和传宗接代方面，收养成年人似乎是一种保持家族延续的实际方法
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
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