QA：既然制造业已回归美国，欧洲是否该全盘购买美国货？
正文翻译
Now that manufacturing is back in America, is it time for Europe to buy all American?
既然制造业已回归美国，欧洲是否该全盘购买美国货？
Now that manufacturing is back in America, is it time for Europe to buy all American?
既然制造业已回归美国，欧洲是否该全盘购买美国货？
评论翻译
Mats Andersson
I actually had to look at the question log for this – I couldn’t imagine that it had actually been asked in March, 2025, but yes, someone really is this deluded.
我实际上不得不查看问题日志来确认这一点——我无法想象这个问题竟然是在2025年3月提出的，但确实有人如此妄想。
I actually had to look at the question log for this – I couldn’t imagine that it had actually been asked in March, 2025, but yes, someone really is this deluded.
我实际上不得不查看问题日志来确认这一点——我无法想象这个问题竟然是在2025年3月提出的，但确实有人如此妄想。
Manufacturing isn’t “back in America”. It will take several years to build up factories and train staff, even if they start tomorrow. And since the tariffs are changing basically by the day, no one, absolutely no one, is going to make that sort of commitment – they’d spend a billion only to find out the tariffs were revoked just as they turned on the machines.
造业并未“回归美国”。即便明天就开始行动，建造工厂和培训员工也需要数年时间。而且，由于关税几乎每天都在变化，没有人，绝对没有人会做出那种承诺——他们可能会投入十亿美元，结果却在机器启动时发现关税已被取消。
造业并未“回归美国”。即便明天就开始行动，建造工厂和培训员工也需要数年时间。而且，由于关税几乎每天都在变化，没有人，绝对没有人会做出那种承诺——他们可能会投入十亿美元，结果却在机器启动时发现关税已被取消。
Why would anyone want to “buy American” anyway? We have our own manufacturing in Europe. Thanks to EU regulations, it is almost always of much higher quality than US made stuff. There was a prime example in the news this morning: Tesla. There’s a European car manufacturer that’s sort of eponymous with shoddy quality, the Romanian brand Dacia. They fail at a rate of about 13% at the annual inspections. Tesla fail at a rate of 20% – far exceeding any other brand.
为什么有人会想“买美国货”呢？我们在欧洲有自己的制造业。得益于欧盟的监管，欧洲制造的产品几乎总是比美国制造的质量高得多。今早新闻里就有一个典型的例子：特斯拉。欧洲有个汽车制造商几乎成了劣质产品的代名词，那就是罗马尼亚品牌达契亚。它们在年度检查中的不合格率约为13%。而特斯拉的不合格率高达20%——远超其他任何品牌。
为什么有人会想“买美国货”呢？我们在欧洲有自己的制造业。得益于欧盟的监管，欧洲制造的产品几乎总是比美国制造的质量高得多。今早新闻里就有一个典型的例子：特斯拉。欧洲有个汽车制造商几乎成了劣质产品的代名词，那就是罗马尼亚品牌达契亚。它们在年度检查中的不合格率约为13%。而特斯拉的不合格率高达20%——远超其他任何品牌。
Ski Milburn
I’m a recently retired CEO of a small US-based hard-tech manufacturing company with a global customer base, and a global supply chain. I’ve lived and breathed this stuff 24/7 for decades.
我是一家总部位于美国的小型硬科技制造公司最近退休的首席执行官，公司拥有全球客户群和全球供应链。几十年来，我日以继夜地沉浸在这一领域。
I’m a recently retired CEO of a small US-based hard-tech manufacturing company with a global customer base, and a global supply chain. I’ve lived and breathed this stuff 24/7 for decades.
我是一家总部位于美国的小型硬科技制造公司最近退休的首席执行官，公司拥有全球客户群和全球供应链。几十年来，我日以继夜地沉浸在这一领域。
It takes 3–5 years to start up a new high tech factory, and that’s after the product development is far enough along that you know the processes you’ll use to build whatever it is. And the suppliers, which also have to onshore to support this, and won’t start until the above is well under way.
新建一家高科技工厂需要3到5年的时间，而且这还是在产品开发已经进展到足够程度，你已了解将用于制造该产品的工艺流程之后。此外，供应商也需要回流本土以提供支持，但他们要等到上述工作顺利进行后才会开始。
新建一家高科技工厂需要3到5年的时间，而且这还是在产品开发已经进展到足够程度，你已了解将用于制造该产品的工艺流程之后。此外，供应商也需要回流本土以提供支持，但他们要等到上述工作顺利进行后才会开始。
And that period won’t even start until the current uncertainty over what the President is going to do, or reverse, or reconsider, or fantasize doing is resolved.
而且，这段时期甚至要等到当前关于总统将要做什么、撤销什么、重新考虑什么或幻想做什么的不确定性得到解决后才会开始。
而且，这段时期甚至要等到当前关于总统将要做什么、撤销什么、重新考虑什么或幻想做什么的不确定性得到解决后才会开始。
That’s before you even consider if we offended so many people all over the world that it will take a generation or two before they’d even consider “buying American.” And then, only if the price and quality is competitive. Which is going to take huge investment, by the companies taking it on, but also by the USA in education, standards, and a long list of other things.
这还不算我们是否已经得罪了全世界那么多人，以至于要等上一两代人，他们才会考虑“购买美国货”。而且，还得价格和质量有竞争力才行。这需要企业投入巨资，美国也得在教育、标准等一系列其他方面大力投入。
这还不算我们是否已经得罪了全世界那么多人，以至于要等上一两代人，他们才会考虑“购买美国货”。而且，还得价格和质量有竞争力才行。这需要企业投入巨资，美国也得在教育、标准等一系列其他方面大力投入。
We’ve spent decades digging this hole until Trump found a buried vertical mineshaft and jumped down it. Going to take a long hard climb out.
我们花了数十年挖掘这个坑，直到特朗普发现了一个埋藏的垂直矿井并跳了进去。要爬出来将是一段漫长而艰难的旅程。
我们花了数十年挖掘这个坑，直到特朗普发现了一个埋藏的垂直矿井并跳了进去。要爬出来将是一段漫长而艰难的旅程。
Danny Vernon-Jones
This one is actually quite well timed from my point of view, Last night I was having some trouble sleeping so I went into my workshop and had a bit of a therapeutic tidy up to while away the time. Sharpened my plane blades (irons) did my chisels had a bit of a sort out in my screw boxes just general pottering about.
这个时机对我来说其实刚刚好。昨晚我有点睡不着，于是去了我的工作室，稍微整理了一下，打发时间。磨了磨刨刀（铁片），修了修凿子，还整理了一下螺丝盒，就是随便忙活忙活。
This one is actually quite well timed from my point of view, Last night I was having some trouble sleeping so I went into my workshop and had a bit of a therapeutic tidy up to while away the time. Sharpened my plane blades (irons) did my chisels had a bit of a sort out in my screw boxes just general pottering about.
这个时机对我来说其实刚刚好。昨晚我有点睡不着，于是去了我的工作室，稍微整理了一下，打发时间。磨了磨刨刀（铁片），修了修凿子，还整理了一下螺丝盒，就是随便忙活忙活。
I had the radio on in the background and one of the news bulletins did a short bit about President trump and tarrifs mentioning that people are starting to move away from American goods in retaliation for his behaviour.
我开着收音机作为背景音，其中一则新闻简报简短地提到了特朗普总统和关税问题，指出人们开始因为他的行为而抵制美国商品作为报复。
我开着收音机作为背景音，其中一则新闻简报简短地提到了特朗普总统和关税问题，指出人们开始因为他的行为而抵制美国商品作为报复。
Now I watch a bit of you tube especially people like Rex Krugar, Stumpy Nubbs, John Malaki and that bonkers one who dose welding, I can't remember his name but basically he has so much hair and beard he looks like animal from the muppit show. And apart from being informative, educational and entertaining the one thing that they have in common is a tendency to push American kit. But quality American stuff avoid ‘buying Chineseiam metal tools’ .
现在我偶尔会看一些YouTube视频，尤其是像Rex Krugar、Stumpy Nubbs、John Malaki这些人的内容，还有那个疯狂搞焊接的家伙（我记不清他的名字了，但他那一头浓密的头发和胡子让他看起来像《布偶秀》里的Animal）。除了内容具有信息性、教育性和娱乐性之外，他们还有一个共同点，就是倾向于推荐美国制造的装备。他们推崇优质的美国产品，并建议避免购买‘中国制造的金属工具’。
现在我偶尔会看一些YouTube视频，尤其是像Rex Krugar、Stumpy Nubbs、John Malaki这些人的内容，还有那个疯狂搞焊接的家伙（我记不清他的名字了，但他那一头浓密的头发和胡子让他看起来像《布偶秀》里的Animal）。除了内容具有信息性、教育性和娱乐性之外，他们还有一个共同点，就是倾向于推荐美国制造的装备。他们推崇优质的美国产品，并建议避免购买‘中国制造的金属工具’。
So I thought I wonder how much yanki gear I have, because one was or another I have been buying tools for a looooong time and I even have some from my grandfather(s)
所以我在想，我到底有多少洋基装备，因为这样或那样的原因，我已经买了很长时间的工具，甚至还有一些是我祖父们传下来的。
所以我在想，我到底有多少洋基装备，因为这样或那样的原因，我已经买了很长时间的工具，甚至还有一些是我祖父们传下来的。
I have some millwaki drill bits,my grandfathers antique Stanley sweetheart no4 that he brought back from America during the second small disagreement my favourite 24oz hammer an estwing, 5 snap on sockets and a 1/2″ snap on spanner. I do own lots of Stanley tools but apart from the no4 all made in the UK.
我有一些密尔沃基钻头，我祖父的古董斯坦利甜心4号，那是他在第二次小争执期间从美国带回来的，我最喜欢的24盎司锤子是一把Estwing，5个Snap-on套筒和一个1/2英寸的Snap-on扳手。我确实有很多斯坦利工具，但除了4号之外，其他都是英国制造的。
我有一些密尔沃基钻头，我祖父的古董斯坦利甜心4号，那是他在第二次小争执期间从美国带回来的，我最喜欢的24盎司锤子是一把Estwing，5个Snap-on套筒和一个1/2英寸的Snap-on扳手。我确实有很多斯坦利工具，但除了4号之外，其他都是英国制造的。
I own probably £15-20,000 worth of hand and power tools chosen for their reliability and durability a and only 8 items made in the USA, please don't take this the wrong way but I, like I suspect most British tradesman will am going to stick with my made in the rest of the world tools, and motor vehicles kitchen appliances and foodstuffs.
我拥有价值大约1.5万至2万英镑的手动和电动工具，这些工具因其可靠性和耐用性而被选中，其中只有8件是美国制造的。请不要误解我的意思，但我怀疑大多数英国工匠都会像我一样，坚持使用来自世界其他地区的工具、机动车辆、厨房用具和食品。
我拥有价值大约1.5万至2万英镑的手动和电动工具，这些工具因其可靠性和耐用性而被选中，其中只有8件是美国制造的。请不要误解我的意思，但我怀疑大多数英国工匠都会像我一样，坚持使用来自世界其他地区的工具、机动车辆、厨房用具和食品。
I am out of solidarity with my fellow subjects of his Majesty KC3 stopping buying bourbon
我与国王陛下KC3的其他臣民停止购买波旁威士忌以示团结。
我与国王陛下KC3的其他臣民停止购买波旁威士忌以示团结。
America dosent unfortunately compeat price wise with the rest of the world, and the quality isn't always what it's made out to be.
不幸的是，美国在价格方面无法与世界其他国家竞争，而且质量也不总是像宣传的那样好。
不幸的是，美国在价格方面无法与世界其他国家竞争，而且质量也不总是像宣传的那样好。
Andy Biegala
Britt here so I'll give you the British perspective if you like.
我是布里特，如果你愿意的话，我可以给你英国人的视角。
Britt here so I'll give you the British perspective if you like.
我是布里特，如果你愿意的话，我可以给你英国人的视角。
First of all, manufacturing is not back in America because it takes years to set up a factory and establish your supply lines which presumably also have to be American because you don't want to be buying your parts from Japan or China because otherwise you're still paying tariffs.
首先，制造业并未回归美国，因为建立工厂和建立供应链需要数年时间，而且供应链也必须是美国的，因为你不希望从日本或中国购买零部件，否则你仍需支付关税。
首先，制造业并未回归美国，因为建立工厂和建立供应链需要数年时间，而且供应链也必须是美国的，因为你不希望从日本或中国购买零部件，否则你仍需支付关税。
Secondly, you need to have trained workers. Prepare to work very hard but not necessarily all that good a wage because you want to build your products competitively.
其次，你需要有受过培训的工人。准备好非常努力地工作，但不一定能拿到很高的工资，因为你希望以有竞争力的方式生产产品。
其次，你需要有受过培训的工人。准备好非常努力地工作，但不一定能拿到很高的工资，因为你希望以有竞争力的方式生产产品。
Thirdly, you actually have to understand the market you want to sell to so that for example, if you're selling an electrical appliance to Britain, it has to operate on 240 volts and use the UK three-pin plug and pass other electrical and manufacturing standards in order for it to be allowed to be sold.
第三，你必须真正了解你想要销售的市场。例如，如果你要向英国销售电器，它必须能在240伏电压下运行，使用英国的三脚插头，并通过其他电气和制造标准，才能获准销售。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
第三，你必须真正了解你想要销售的市场。例如，如果你要向英国销售电器，它必须能在240伏电压下运行，使用英国的三脚插头，并通过其他电气和制造标准，才能获准销售。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Fourthly and this is probably your biggest problem, you have to overcome the hostility of the market to America and the fact that a lot of British people are simply not going to consider America at any price due to the behaviour of Donald Trump's government.
第四点，这可能是你们最大的问题，你们必须克服市场对美国的敌意，以及由于唐纳德·特朗普政府的行为，许多英国人无论如何都不会考虑美国这一事实。
第四点，这可能是你们最大的问题，你们必须克服市场对美国的敌意，以及由于唐纳德·特朗普政府的行为，许多英国人无论如何都不会考虑美国这一事实。
The view is that even if the US economy needs restructuring in order to save itself the ridiculous imposition of the tariffs the way they were calculated to penalise people in trade surplus with you and penguins does not really help America.
观点认为，即使美国经济需要进行结构调整以自救，但以荒谬方式强加的关税——这些关税的计算方式旨在惩罚与你们有贸易顺差的国家和企鹅——实际上对美国并无帮助。
观点认为，即使美国经济需要进行结构调整以自救，但以荒谬方式强加的关税——这些关税的计算方式旨在惩罚与你们有贸易顺差的国家和企鹅——实际上对美国并无帮助。
The correct approach would have been to develop a policy of gradual change and work with the nations you trade with to get an outcome that's good for the US in the long term which would itself then be good for the rest of us.
正确的做法应该是制定一项渐进式变革的政策，并与贸易伙伴国合作，以达成一个长期对美国有利的结果，而这本身也将对我们其他人有利。
正确的做法应该是制定一项渐进式变革的政策，并与贸易伙伴国合作，以达成一个长期对美国有利的结果，而这本身也将对我们其他人有利。
Angela Birch
What manufacturing is back in the US. Companies are not moving manufacturing back to the US. I know one company that was considering it before the election but put the land they bought on the market the day after the election. I also know one company which barely survived Trump’s last time in office which has bought land for their company in Scotland and has broken ground there.
制造业回归美国。企业并没有将制造业迁回美国。我知道有一家公司在大选前曾考虑过，但在大选后的第二天就把他们买的土地挂牌出售了。我还知道有一家公司在上次特朗普执政期间勉强生存下来，现在已经在苏格兰为公司购买了土地并开始在那里动工建设。
What manufacturing is back in the US. Companies are not moving manufacturing back to the US. I know one company that was considering it before the election but put the land they bought on the market the day after the election. I also know one company which barely survived Trump’s last time in office which has bought land for their company in Scotland and has broken ground there.
制造业回归美国。企业并没有将制造业迁回美国。我知道有一家公司在大选前曾考虑过，但在大选后的第二天就把他们买的土地挂牌出售了。我还知道有一家公司在上次特朗普执政期间勉强生存下来，现在已经在苏格兰为公司购买了土地并开始在那里动工建设。
European countries are not going to increase their purchase of US goods, in fact they are decreasing them. You now see people in stores in Europe carefully checking the origin of a product and are putting US ones back on the shelf.
欧洲国家不会增加对美国商品的购买，实际上他们正在减少购买。你现在可以看到欧洲商店里的人们仔细检查产品的原产地，并把美国产品放回货架。
欧洲国家不会增加对美国商品的购买，实际上他们正在减少购买。你现在可以看到欧洲商店里的人们仔细检查产品的原产地，并把美国产品放回货架。
To be honest as purely nasty as this administration has been to European nations I am amazed they even allow American products in their nations.
老实说，这届政府对欧洲国家如此恶劣，我甚至惊讶于他们还允许美国产品进入他们的国家。
老实说，这届政府对欧洲国家如此恶劣，我甚至惊讶于他们还允许美国产品进入他们的国家。
The current administration seemingly believes diplomacy is threatening our allies and crawling to our enemies. Strangely it doesn’t work as other nations are realizing the US is NOT a safe place to put any trust in. So they are buying less US products.
现任政府似乎认为外交正在威胁我们的盟友，并向敌人卑躬屈膝。奇怪的是，这种做法并未奏效，因为其他国家正意识到美国并非一个值得信赖的安全之地。因此，他们减少了购买美国产品。
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现任政府似乎认为外交正在威胁我们的盟友，并向敌人卑躬屈膝。奇怪的是，这种做法并未奏效，因为其他国家正意识到美国并非一个值得信赖的安全之地。因此，他们减少了购买美国产品。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Cathy Cooper
Manufacturing is NOT ‘back in America’. Where did you get that idea? tRump has been back in office only 90 some days at this point. His tariffs went into effect in April. It takes up to 7 years to build and tool-up a manufacturing plant. Do the math- I am sure you can if you really try.
制造业并没有‘回归美国’。你是从哪里得到这个想法的？特朗普重新上任才90多天。他的关税政策在四月份才生效。建造和装备一个制造工厂需要长达7年的时间。你自己算算——我相信如果你真的尝试，你一定能算出来。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Manufacturing is NOT ‘back in America’. Where did you get that idea? tRump has been back in office only 90 some days at this point. His tariffs went into effect in April. It takes up to 7 years to build and tool-up a manufacturing plant. Do the math- I am sure you can if you really try.
制造业并没有‘回归美国’。你是从哪里得到这个想法的？特朗普重新上任才90多天。他的关税政策在四月份才生效。建造和装备一个制造工厂需要长达7年的时间。你自己算算——我相信如果你真的尝试，你一定能算出来。
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NOT a single announcement has been made about a foreign company building a plant in the U.S. The only big deal was one that Biden made last fall with a Taiwanese CHIP manufacturer. Biden got the deal using a carrot (i.e. incentives in the CHIP Act that he passed). That deal was not made by using a stick- which is what tRump is doing-punishing Taiwan with tariffs.
没有一家外国公司宣布在美国建厂。唯一的大交易是拜登去年秋天与一家台湾（地区）芯片制造商达成的。拜登通过胡萝卜（即他通过的《芯片法案》中的激励措施）促成了这笔交易。这笔交易不是通过大棒达成的——这正是特朗普所做的——对台湾（地区）征收关税进行惩罚。
没有一家外国公司宣布在美国建厂。唯一的大交易是拜登去年秋天与一家台湾（地区）芯片制造商达成的。拜登通过胡萝卜（即他通过的《芯片法案》中的激励措施）促成了这笔交易。这笔交易不是通过大棒达成的——这正是特朗普所做的——对台湾（地区）征收关税进行惩罚。
Sure, a couple of U.S. manufacturers with plants outside of America will announce ‘plans’ to bring one plant back, but they will stall, and it probably won’t happen. None of them really believe that tRump’s trade war will be sustainable. So, they would prefer to do their manufacturing where it is cheaper, and their products will be more competitive.
当然，几家在美国境外设有工厂的美国制造商会宣布‘计划’将一家工厂迁回国内，但他们可能会拖延，而且很可能不会实现。他们中没有人真正相信特朗普的贸易战会持续下去。因此，他们更愿意在成本更低的地方进行生产，这样他们的产品会更具竞争力。
当然，几家在美国境外设有工厂的美国制造商会宣布‘计划’将一家工厂迁回国内，但他们可能会拖延，而且很可能不会实现。他们中没有人真正相信特朗普的贸易战会持续下去。因此，他们更愿意在成本更低的地方进行生产，这样他们的产品会更具竞争力。
Most manufacturers are waiting and watching as tRump’s tariff war is imploding. His popularity is going down as fast as the stock market. tRump’s trade war is a disaster, and it cannot survive. You are delusional if you believe his lies.
大多数制造商都在观望，因为特朗普的关税战正在崩溃。他的受欢迎程度像股市一样迅速下降。特朗普的贸易战是一场灾难，它无法持续。如果你相信他的谎言，那你就太天真了。
大多数制造商都在观望，因为特朗普的关税战正在崩溃。他的受欢迎程度像股市一样迅速下降。特朗普的贸易战是一场灾难，它无法持续。如果你相信他的谎言，那你就太天真了。
And as everyone agrees, even if he dropped his tariff war today- the business that the U.S. has lost as a result will not be coming back anytime soon. Too many of the world’s population are pissed off and they will continue to boycott U.S. products for a long time.
正如大家所认同的，即便他今天放弃关税战，美国因此失去的业务也不会很快恢复。世界上太多人感到愤怒，他们将在很长一段时间内继续抵制美国产品。
正如大家所认同的，即便他今天放弃关税战，美国因此失去的业务也不会很快恢复。世界上太多人感到愤怒，他们将在很长一段时间内继续抵制美国产品。
So NO, it is not time for any country to ‘buy all American’.
所以不，现在不是任何国家‘全盘购买美国’的时候。
所以不，现在不是任何国家‘全盘购买美国’的时候。
Mike Webster
You dumb fucking moron. First of all manufacturing is not back in the United States and why in the hell would Europeans want to buy anything from the United States? Hate to break it to you fuck stick but with the orange baboon in power, the United States doesn't have many friends left aside from the likes of Russia and North korea. Canadians and Europeans and Australians and pretty much everybody else are looking to buy from each other and not buy from the United states.
你这个愚蠢的白痴。首先，制造业并没有回到美国，而且欧洲人到底为什么要从美国买东西？很遗憾告诉你这个混蛋，但有了那个橙色狒狒掌权，美国除了俄罗斯和朝鲜之类的国家外，已经没多少朋友了。加拿大人、欧洲人、澳大利亚人以及几乎所有其他国家的人都更倾向于彼此之间进行贸易，而不是从美国购买。
You dumb fucking moron. First of all manufacturing is not back in the United States and why in the hell would Europeans want to buy anything from the United States? Hate to break it to you fuck stick but with the orange baboon in power, the United States doesn't have many friends left aside from the likes of Russia and North korea. Canadians and Europeans and Australians and pretty much everybody else are looking to buy from each other and not buy from the United states.
你这个愚蠢的白痴。首先，制造业并没有回到美国，而且欧洲人到底为什么要从美国买东西？很遗憾告诉你这个混蛋，但有了那个橙色狒狒掌权，美国除了俄罗斯和朝鲜之类的国家外，已经没多少朋友了。加拿大人、欧洲人、澳大利亚人以及几乎所有其他国家的人都更倾向于彼此之间进行贸易，而不是从美国购买。
The sense of troll entitlement is astonishing.
巨魔的理所当然感令人震惊。
巨魔的理所当然感令人震惊。
Why would you propose EUROPE buy exclusively American products when there is nothing in such an action but harm to European interests?
为什么你会提议欧洲专门购买美国产品，而这样的行为除了损害欧洲利益外毫无益处？
为什么你会提议欧洲专门购买美国产品，而这样的行为除了损害欧洲利益外毫无益处？
Of course, you are not serious, you are just a dickhead mistaking their smug patriotism for something with real virtue.
当然，你不是认真的，你只是个自以为是的蠢货，把那种自鸣得意的爱国主义误认为是真正有美德的东西。
当然，你不是认真的，你只是个自以为是的蠢货，把那种自鸣得意的爱国主义误认为是真正有美德的东西。
I have not even addressed the total bullshit assumption of your “question” that manufacturing has indeed returned to the US. Anyone with half a brain would know it to be untrue.
我甚至还没有解决你那个“问题”中关于制造业确实已经回归美国的完全胡说八道的假设。任何有点脑子的人都知道这不是真的。
我甚至还没有解决你那个“问题”中关于制造业确实已经回归美国的完全胡说八道的假设。任何有点脑子的人都知道这不是真的。
I guess you have less than half a brain.
我猜你的脑子连一半都没有。
我猜你的脑子连一半都没有。
Walkerredeye
pssssstt…. Hey you! Yes you! do you want to know a secret? Don’t go spreading it around or anything though, we wouldn’t want to cause a panic now would we?
嘘…… 嘿，你！对，就是你！你想知道一个秘密吗？不过别到处宣扬，我们可不想引起恐慌，对吧？
pssssstt…. Hey you! Yes you! do you want to know a secret? Don’t go spreading it around or anything though, we wouldn’t want to cause a panic now would we?
嘘…… 嘿，你！对，就是你！你想知道一个秘密吗？不过别到处宣扬，我们可不想引起恐慌，对吧？
Still here? *checking over shoulder carefully for signs of the thought police.*
还在吗？*小心地回头查看是否有思想警察的迹象。*
还在吗？*小心地回头查看是否有思想警察的迹象。*
OK here’s the secret *deep breath* Nothing, absolutely nothing, that comes out of president Dump’s mouth is true. It’s an easy rule to remember, just nod politely and smile along
with the red hat wearing, brainwashed sheep and you might be safe!
好吧，这是个秘密*深呼吸* 从总统Dump嘴里说出来的话，没有一句是真的，绝对没有。这是个容易记住的规则，只要礼貌地点头，和那些戴着红帽子、被洗脑的绵羊一起微笑，你可能就安全了！
with the red hat wearing, brainwashed sheep and you might be safe!
好吧，这是个秘密*深呼吸* 从总统Dump嘴里说出来的话，没有一句是真的，绝对没有。这是个容易记住的规则，只要礼貌地点头，和那些戴着红帽子、被洗脑的绵羊一起微笑，你可能就安全了！
You ain’t sin me ryte? *disappears off back into the night*
你没有看到我，对吧？*消失在夜色中*
你没有看到我，对吧？*消失在夜色中*
*from the darkness* Resist! Resist! Resist!
来自黑暗 抵抗！抵抗！抵抗！
来自黑暗 抵抗！抵抗！抵抗！
Maggie DJ
There is no manufacturing back in America.
美国没有制造业回流。
There is no manufacturing back in America.
美国没有制造业回流。
Under Biden, he engaged policy that brought chip (computer) manufacturing back to the United States and those companies are still in the process of moving to America.
在拜登的领导下，他推行了一项政策，将芯片（计算机）制造业带回美国，这些公司目前仍在迁往美国的过程中。
在拜登的领导下，他推行了一项政策，将芯片（计算机）制造业带回美国，这些公司目前仍在迁往美国的过程中。
But, there are no new manufacturers coming to America. Does question asker think manufacturing can move with the wave of some manufacturing fairy wand?
但是，没有新的制造商来美国。提问者是否认为制造业可以像挥舞某种制造业魔杖一样轻易转移？
但是，没有新的制造商来美国。提问者是否认为制造业可以像挥舞某种制造业魔杖一样轻易转移？
Manufacturing cannot return to the U.S. until there are employees willing to work for the same wages they can pay abroad. If Americans won’t work for that low hourly wage, then manufacturers need to be prepared for automation. Manufacturers will also need buildings, a supply chain and a new path for trade. These are all aspects that take years to make happen.
除非有员工愿意接受与海外相同的工资水平，否则制造业无法重返美国。如果美国人不愿意接受如此低的时薪，那么制造商就需要为自动化做好准备。制造商还需要厂房、供应链以及新的贸易路径。这些都是需要多年时间才能实现的方面。
除非有员工愿意接受与海外相同的工资水平，否则制造业无法重返美国。如果美国人不愿意接受如此低的时薪，那么制造商就需要为自动化做好准备。制造商还需要厂房、供应链以及新的贸易路径。这些都是需要多年时间才能实现的方面。
I cannot imagine any sane person expecting there to be a magical switch that automatically flies entire buildings with equipment and employees from an overseas location to a new location and automatically sets up a supply chain and customers in a matter of a few weeks. The real world does not work this way.
我无法想象任何一个理智的人会期待有一个神奇的开关，能自动将整栋建筑连同设备和员工从海外运送到新地点，并在几周内自动建立起供应链和客户群。现实世界并非如此运作。
我无法想象任何一个理智的人会期待有一个神奇的开关，能自动将整栋建筑连同设备和员工从海外运送到新地点，并在几周内自动建立起供应链和客户群。现实世界并非如此运作。
It will be many years before manufacturing returns to the United States.
制造业回归美国还需要很多年。
制造业回归美国还需要很多年。
Right now, the 47th president cannot even make up his mind whether there will or won’t be tariffs or how much they will be. His on-again-off-again tariffs are looking more like a way for the ultra rich, who can afford to actually “play” the stock market, to make a lot of money quickly with quick buying and selling on command. He isn’t allowing enough stability for any manufacturer to even consider moving to the United States.
目前，第47任总统甚至无法确定是否会有关税或关税的具体数额。他反复无常的关税政策看起来更像是为那些真正有能力“玩”股市的超级富豪们提供了一种快速买卖、迅速赚钱的方式。他未能提供足够的稳定性，以至于任何制造商都无法考虑迁往美国。
目前，第47任总统甚至无法确定是否会有关税或关税的具体数额。他反复无常的关税政策看起来更像是为那些真正有能力“玩”股市的超级富豪们提供了一种快速买卖、迅速赚钱的方式。他未能提供足够的稳定性，以至于任何制造商都无法考虑迁往美国。
Wayne Evans
What are you even talking about? even if a manufacturer were to want to move here. They wouldn’t because they still couldn’t be competitive, nor would they consider it when there’s nothing but chaos happening here. Plus these things take years so nothing at all has happened so far, and frankly isn’t going to. Nothing has actually changed the bad business climate here for manufacturing on any large scale. Our pay scale is way too high for that kind of work.
你到底在说什么？即使有制造商想搬到这里，他们也不会这么做，因为他们仍然无法具备竞争力，而且在这里一片混乱的情况下，他们也不会考虑。此外，这些事情需要数年时间，所以到目前为止什么都没有发生，坦率地说，也不会发生。实际上，没有任何改变能大规模改善这里对制造业不利的商业环境。我们的薪资水平对于这类工作来说太高了。
What are you even talking about? even if a manufacturer were to want to move here. They wouldn’t because they still couldn’t be competitive, nor would they consider it when there’s nothing but chaos happening here. Plus these things take years so nothing at all has happened so far, and frankly isn’t going to. Nothing has actually changed the bad business climate here for manufacturing on any large scale. Our pay scale is way too high for that kind of work.
你到底在说什么？即使有制造商想搬到这里，他们也不会这么做，因为他们仍然无法具备竞争力，而且在这里一片混乱的情况下，他们也不会考虑。此外，这些事情需要数年时间，所以到目前为止什么都没有发生，坦率地说，也不会发生。实际上，没有任何改变能大规模改善这里对制造业不利的商业环境。我们的薪资水平对于这类工作来说太高了。
I’m going to hazard a wild guess you’ve never been to Europe. They really don’t need our goods. They make better stuff more suited to their use there.
我大胆猜测你可能从未去过欧洲。他们其实并不需要我们的商品。他们制造的东西更适合他们那里的使用需求。
我大胆猜测你可能从未去过欧洲。他们其实并不需要我们的商品。他们制造的东西更适合他们那里的使用需求。
Our cars are too big for a lot of their roads. And they make cars that are a lot nicer to drive. Trust me. They make better appliances, the Japanese make better electronics. Their household goods are better quality than a lot of ours. And Asian countries make things way cheaper than we can. We aren’t exactly indispensable.
我们的汽车对他们很多道路来说太大了。而且他们制造的汽车驾驶起来更加舒适。相信我。他们制造的设备更好，日本人制造的电子产品更出色。他们的家用商品质量比我们的很多产品都要好。而且亚洲国家制造的东西比我们便宜得多。我们并不是不可或缺的。
我们的汽车对他们很多道路来说太大了。而且他们制造的汽车驾驶起来更加舒适。相信我。他们制造的设备更好，日本人制造的电子产品更出色。他们的家用商品质量比我们的很多产品都要好。而且亚洲国家制造的东西比我们便宜得多。我们并不是不可或缺的。
we do make great weapons though. That’s one of our last remaining large manufacturing enterprises .
不过我们确实制造很棒的武器。这是我们仅存的几家大型制造企业之一。
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不过我们确实制造很棒的武器。这是我们仅存的几家大型制造企业之一。
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But in reality there’s no economic reasons to move any operation back here. They left for a reason snd that hadn’t changed , snd it’s not going to. They can’t survive here.
但实际上，将任何业务迁回这里并没有经济上的理由。他们离开是有原因的，而且这一点并未改变，也不会改变。他们在这里无法生存。
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但实际上，将任何业务迁回这里并没有经济上的理由。他们离开是有原因的，而且这一点并未改变，也不会改变。他们在这里无法生存。
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Companies are leaving China now, . . . For cheaper Asian countries. Which puts them even further from coming back to the US.
企业正在离开中国，转向成本更低的亚洲国家。这使得它们更不可能回到美国。
企业正在离开中国，转向成本更低的亚洲国家。这使得它们更不可能回到美国。
Don’t let republicans kid you, they aren’t doing a damn thing to bring back heavy industry. Not happening. All they’re doing is lying to you.
别让共和党人糊弄你，他们根本没为重工业的回归做任何实事。根本不可能。他们所做的只是在对你撒谎。
别让共和党人糊弄你，他们根本没为重工业的回归做任何实事。根本不可能。他们所做的只是在对你撒谎。
Donald McLeod
What manufacturing back in America? It will take, depending on the industry, a period of between five and seven years for the United States to ramp up manufacturing to replace those things which they have up to now imported rather than manufacturing things such as steel and aluminum. Their aluminum smelting industry is tiny compared to the rest of the world, and likewise their steel industry; they do not produce all of what they need nor of the quality they need and as they say, it will take a number of years to build the plants to do so. One of the other things is fertilizer - they need potash, which is by and large only available from Canada & Ukraine, although Australia does produce a small amount. Much of the lumber produced in the United States does not meet the required building standard and houses is built with lumber that is not certified are essentially uninsurable. There are many other things that make American self sufficiency impossible, at least in the short term. thus the assumption which forms the basis of the question is simply wrong.
美国制造业回流需要多长时间？根据行业不同，美国需要五到七年的时间来扩大制造业，以替代目前进口的钢铁和铝等产品。与全球其他国家相比，美国的铝冶炼行业规模很小，钢铁行业也是如此；他们无法生产所需的所有产品，也无法满足所需的质量要求。正如他们所说，建造工厂来实现这一目标需要数年时间。另一个问题是肥料——他们需要钾肥，而钾肥主要来自加拿大和乌克兰，尽管澳大利亚也生产少量。美国生产的许多木材不符合所需的建筑标准，用未经认证的木材建造的房屋基本上无法投保。还有许多其他因素使得美国至少在短期内无法实现自给自足。因此，构成问题基础的假设是完全错误的。
What manufacturing back in America? It will take, depending on the industry, a period of between five and seven years for the United States to ramp up manufacturing to replace those things which they have up to now imported rather than manufacturing things such as steel and aluminum. Their aluminum smelting industry is tiny compared to the rest of the world, and likewise their steel industry; they do not produce all of what they need nor of the quality they need and as they say, it will take a number of years to build the plants to do so. One of the other things is fertilizer - they need potash, which is by and large only available from Canada & Ukraine, although Australia does produce a small amount. Much of the lumber produced in the United States does not meet the required building standard and houses is built with lumber that is not certified are essentially uninsurable. There are many other things that make American self sufficiency impossible, at least in the short term. thus the assumption which forms the basis of the question is simply wrong.
美国制造业回流需要多长时间？根据行业不同，美国需要五到七年的时间来扩大制造业，以替代目前进口的钢铁和铝等产品。与全球其他国家相比，美国的铝冶炼行业规模很小，钢铁行业也是如此；他们无法生产所需的所有产品，也无法满足所需的质量要求。正如他们所说，建造工厂来实现这一目标需要数年时间。另一个问题是肥料——他们需要钾肥，而钾肥主要来自加拿大和乌克兰，尽管澳大利亚也生产少量。美国生产的许多木材不符合所需的建筑标准，用未经认证的木材建造的房屋基本上无法投保。还有许多其他因素使得美国至少在短期内无法实现自给自足。因此，构成问题基础的假设是完全错误的。
Frank Lucrezi
Profile photo for Frank Lucrezi
弗兰克·卢克雷齐的个人资料照片
Profile photo for Frank Lucrezi
弗兰克·卢克雷齐的个人资料照片
Studied read history science at at reads alot
阅读了大量历史和科学书籍
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
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原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Manufacturing isn't back in America. Nobody has moved a plant back and i doubt if they will. Many of the companies in Canada are American own. They moved american brands over seas and they wont come back nobody will fix the problems that drove them out. The high cost of healthcare and a shortage of workers. Even if a company wanted to move back it would be over a year before they even opened. Biden made a deal to move a chipmaker here and trump killed it. Now with his tariffs he has pissed off the world. China is looking for other suppliers for what the bought from us as is Europe.
制造业并未回归美国。没有人将工厂迁回，我怀疑他们是否会这样做。加拿大的许多公司都是美国所有的。他们将美国品牌转移到海外，而且不会回来，没有人会解决导致他们离开的问题。高昂的医疗成本和工人短缺。即使有公司想迁回，也要一年多才能开业。拜登曾达成协议让一家芯片制造商迁回，但特朗普取消了这一计划。现在，他的关税政策激怒了全世界。中国和欧洲正在寻找其他供应商来替代从我们这里购买的产品。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
制造业并未回归美国。没有人将工厂迁回，我怀疑他们是否会这样做。加拿大的许多公司都是美国所有的。他们将美国品牌转移到海外，而且不会回来，没有人会解决导致他们离开的问题。高昂的医疗成本和工人短缺。即使有公司想迁回，也要一年多才能开业。拜登曾达成协议让一家芯片制造商迁回，但特朗普取消了这一计划。现在，他的关税政策激怒了全世界。中国和欧洲正在寻找其他供应商来替代从我们这里购买的产品。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
David Hutcheon
No now is the time to stop trading with the USA, with their president insulting Europe just to get us to buy more American stuff there is a lot of us wouldn't buy American stuff now and our country won't import product that they can't sell as the people that buy goods and have all the power, so who wants to keep trading with a country that elects a criminal and allows him to insult us. Making Americans as stupid as the bastard trump, fuck him and his wastefulness that's what he would have countries to do is spend money that they don't need to as that's the way the USA works, that's why your economy is trillions in debt, he will collapse your economy further insulting us.
不，现在是时候停止与美国的贸易了。他们的总统侮辱欧洲，只是为了让我们购买更多的美国商品。现在有很多人不会购买美国商品，我们的国家也不会进口那些他们卖不出去的产品，因为购买商品的人拥有所有的权力。那么，谁还想继续与一个选举罪犯并允许他侮辱我们的国家进行贸易呢？让美国人像那个混蛋特朗普一样愚蠢，去他妈的和他那浪费的行为，那就是他希望其他国家做的事情——花他们不需要花的钱，因为这就是美国的运作方式，这就是为什么你们的经济负债数万亿美元。他通过侮辱我们，将进一步摧毁你们的经济。
No now is the time to stop trading with the USA, with their president insulting Europe just to get us to buy more American stuff there is a lot of us wouldn't buy American stuff now and our country won't import product that they can't sell as the people that buy goods and have all the power, so who wants to keep trading with a country that elects a criminal and allows him to insult us. Making Americans as stupid as the bastard trump, fuck him and his wastefulness that's what he would have countries to do is spend money that they don't need to as that's the way the USA works, that's why your economy is trillions in debt, he will collapse your economy further insulting us.
不，现在是时候停止与美国的贸易了。他们的总统侮辱欧洲，只是为了让我们购买更多的美国商品。现在有很多人不会购买美国商品，我们的国家也不会进口那些他们卖不出去的产品，因为购买商品的人拥有所有的权力。那么，谁还想继续与一个选举罪犯并允许他侮辱我们的国家进行贸易呢？让美国人像那个混蛋特朗普一样愚蠢，去他妈的和他那浪费的行为，那就是他希望其他国家做的事情——花他们不需要花的钱，因为这就是美国的运作方式，这就是为什么你们的经济负债数万亿美元。他通过侮辱我们，将进一步摧毁你们的经济。
Paul Johnson
No. Not only no, but hell no. You elected a crooked maniac, who is trying to steal from Ukraine, and his evil sidekick, who hates Europe, and consequently I am boycotting almost all American goods. The only US items I still buy are D&D figures from WizKids, who are based in New Jersey which voted for Harris (although with a reduced margin over previous Democratic candidates), and I’d have given up on them too if I didn’t need the figures to keep a promise I made to my granddaughter - although in fact most of their figures are made in China anyway. I considered cancelling my Patreon support of a singer with a North American accent but it turned out that she’s Canadian and I increased my support instead. I buy as much as I can from Ukrainian firms, my new car is coming from South Korea, and I check everything I am about to buy and if it turns out it’s American I don’t buy it. If you want me to buy American then first I need to see Trump, Vance, Musk, and Marjorie Taylor Greene in chains being shipped off to a hellhole prison in El Salvador. Sorry to my American friends, Barbara, Jean, Mark, and those I know outside Quora, but that’s how it is now. Slava Ukraini! Guds hjaelp, Folkets kaerlighed, Danmarks styrke! A Mari Usque Ad Mare! Britons never never never shall be slaves!
不。不仅是不，而且是绝对不。你们选出了一个试图从乌克兰偷窃的腐败疯子，还有他那憎恨欧洲的邪恶助手，因此我几乎抵制所有美国商品。我现在唯一还购买的美国商品是新泽西州WizKids公司生产的D&D模型，该州投票支持哈里斯（尽管与之前的民主党候选人相比优势有所缩小），如果不是因为需要这些模型来兑现我对孙女的承诺，我早就放弃它们了——尽管实际上它们大部分是中国制造的。我曾考虑取消对一位北美口音歌手的Patreon支持，但后来发现她是加拿大人，于是反而增加了支持。我尽可能从乌克兰公司购买商品，我的新车来自韩国，而且我会检查所有准备购买的商品，如果发现是美国制造就不买。如果你们想让我购买美国商品，那我首先得看到特朗普、万斯、马斯克和玛乔丽·泰勒·格林戴着镣铐被送往萨尔瓦多的地狱监狱。对我的美国朋友芭芭拉、琼、马克以及Quora之外认识的人说声抱歉，但现状就是如此。荣耀归于乌克兰！上帝的帮助，人民的爱，丹麦的力量！从海到海！不列颠人永不为奴！
No. Not only no, but hell no. You elected a crooked maniac, who is trying to steal from Ukraine, and his evil sidekick, who hates Europe, and consequently I am boycotting almost all American goods. The only US items I still buy are D&D figures from WizKids, who are based in New Jersey which voted for Harris (although with a reduced margin over previous Democratic candidates), and I’d have given up on them too if I didn’t need the figures to keep a promise I made to my granddaughter - although in fact most of their figures are made in China anyway. I considered cancelling my Patreon support of a singer with a North American accent but it turned out that she’s Canadian and I increased my support instead. I buy as much as I can from Ukrainian firms, my new car is coming from South Korea, and I check everything I am about to buy and if it turns out it’s American I don’t buy it. If you want me to buy American then first I need to see Trump, Vance, Musk, and Marjorie Taylor Greene in chains being shipped off to a hellhole prison in El Salvador. Sorry to my American friends, Barbara, Jean, Mark, and those I know outside Quora, but that’s how it is now. Slava Ukraini! Guds hjaelp, Folkets kaerlighed, Danmarks styrke! A Mari Usque Ad Mare! Britons never never never shall be slaves!
不。不仅是不，而且是绝对不。你们选出了一个试图从乌克兰偷窃的腐败疯子，还有他那憎恨欧洲的邪恶助手，因此我几乎抵制所有美国商品。我现在唯一还购买的美国商品是新泽西州WizKids公司生产的D&D模型，该州投票支持哈里斯（尽管与之前的民主党候选人相比优势有所缩小），如果不是因为需要这些模型来兑现我对孙女的承诺，我早就放弃它们了——尽管实际上它们大部分是中国制造的。我曾考虑取消对一位北美口音歌手的Patreon支持，但后来发现她是加拿大人，于是反而增加了支持。我尽可能从乌克兰公司购买商品，我的新车来自韩国，而且我会检查所有准备购买的商品，如果发现是美国制造就不买。如果你们想让我购买美国商品，那我首先得看到特朗普、万斯、马斯克和玛乔丽·泰勒·格林戴着镣铐被送往萨尔瓦多的地狱监狱。对我的美国朋友芭芭拉、琼、马克以及Quora之外认识的人说声抱歉，但现状就是如此。荣耀归于乌克兰！上帝的帮助，人民的爱，丹麦的力量！从海到海！不列颠人永不为奴！
John Hudson
When I was a young man, there were lots of American products for sale in the UK, and everyone, especially teenagers wanted them, especially clothes and shoes, as they good quality and really ‘cool’.
当我还是个年轻人的时候，英国市场上有很多美国产品在销售，尤其是青少年，大家都想要这些产品，特别是衣服和鞋子，因为它们质量好，而且非常‘酷’。
When I was a young man, there were lots of American products for sale in the UK, and everyone, especially teenagers wanted them, especially clothes and shoes, as they good quality and really ‘cool’.
当我还是个年轻人的时候，英国市场上有很多美国产品在销售，尤其是青少年，大家都想要这些产品，特别是衣服和鞋子，因为它们质量好，而且非常‘酷’。
However, over time they became more and more expensive and cheaper items from the far East were coming in. So gradually they disappeared from our markets.
然而，随着时间的推移，它们变得越来越昂贵，而来自远东的廉价商品不断涌入。因此，它们逐渐从我们的市场上消失了。
然而，随着时间的推移，它们变得越来越昂贵，而来自远东的廉价商品不断涌入。因此，它们逐渐从我们的市场上消失了。
So, you need to ask yourselves who’s fault was it? The far Eastern companies, because they could make them cheaper? the European countries for buying them instead of American goods? or was it the Americans for not changing to keep up?
所以，你们需要问问自己，这是谁的错？是远东的公司，因为他们能生产更便宜的产品？是欧洲国家，因为他们购买这些产品而不是美国货？还是美国人自己，因为他们没有做出改变以跟上时代？
所以，你们需要问问自己，这是谁的错？是远东的公司，因为他们能生产更便宜的产品？是欧洲国家，因为他们购买这些产品而不是美国货？还是美国人自己，因为他们没有做出改变以跟上时代？
A good example, quoted by Trump, was that Europeans, in his example Germany, export more cars to the USA, than they import from the USA. Which he saw as unfair. Perhaps if he had taken the trouble to find out WHY that was happening, he would have found out that American cars are mostly unsuitable for a great part of the road system in Europe, also, they have large fuel thirsty engines, and fuel in Europe is more expensive than it is in the USA. Also there is a lot of competition from the East, with good quality, economical vehicles at the right price.
特朗普引用了一个很好的例子，即欧洲人（在他的例子中是德国）向美国出口的汽车比从美国进口的要多。他认为这是不公平的。也许如果他费心去了解为什么会发生这种情况，他会发现美国汽车大多不适合欧洲的大部分道路系统，而且它们配备了大排量、高油耗的发动机，而欧洲的燃油价格比美国更高。此外，来自东方的竞争也很激烈，那里有质量好、经济实惠且价格合适的车辆。
特朗普引用了一个很好的例子，即欧洲人（在他的例子中是德国）向美国出口的汽车比从美国进口的要多。他认为这是不公平的。也许如果他费心去了解为什么会发生这种情况，他会发现美国汽车大多不适合欧洲的大部分道路系统，而且它们配备了大排量、高油耗的发动机，而欧洲的燃油价格比美国更高。此外，来自东方的竞争也很激烈，那里有质量好、经济实惠且价格合适的车辆。
Up to the 1970’s the UK, with over 40 car companies, was the second largest car makers in the World, after the USA. The British car makers became very complacent, believing their cars would sell, no matter how cheap and tatty they were, especially in the UK. Then along came the Japanese, with beautifully designed, and dependable quality vehicles at comparable prices. The result? Most British car makers went out of business!
直到20世纪70年代，英国拥有40多家汽车公司，是全球第二大汽车制造国，仅次于美国。英国汽车制造商变得非常自满，认为无论他们的汽车多么廉价和劣质，尤其是在英国本土，都会有人购买。然后日本人出现了，他们以可媲美的价格提供设计精美、质量可靠的汽车。结果如何？大多数英国汽车制造商倒闭了！
直到20世纪70年代，英国拥有40多家汽车公司，是全球第二大汽车制造国，仅次于美国。英国汽车制造商变得非常自满，认为无论他们的汽车多么廉价和劣质，尤其是在英国本土，都会有人购买。然后日本人出现了，他们以可媲美的价格提供设计精美、质量可靠的汽车。结果如何？大多数英国汽车制造商倒闭了！
So my friend the competition out there is very strong indeed.
所以我的朋友，那里的竞争确实非常激烈。
所以我的朋友，那里的竞争确实非常激烈。
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