哪些历史人物站在了历史的错误一边？
正文翻译
Which historical figures were on the wrong side of history?
哪些历史人物站在了历史的错误一边？
Dennis Watson
Lived in Detroit, MI (1985–2005)
Upvoted by Roger Atkins, Masters Professional Ed History & Politics, Deakin University (2008)
丹尼斯·沃森
曾居住于密歇根州底特律市（1985-2005年）
获罗杰·阿特金斯点赞，其拥有迪肯大学历史与政治学专业教育硕士学位（2008年）
A man considered a hometown hero in Detroit — none other than Henry Ford.
在底特律，有一位被视为家乡英雄的人物——他不是别人，正是亨利·福特。
There are roads, buildings, and schools named after him in my hometown of Detroit. Yet, few people know about Henry Ford’s legacy of antisemitism or that he opposed war with Germany during WWII.
Henry Ford held the dubious honor of being the only American mentioned by name in Hitler’s Mein Kampf.
在我的家乡底特律，有多条道路、多座建筑和学校以他的名字命名。然而，很少有人知道亨利·福特的反犹主义行径，也鲜少有人知晓他在二战期间反对与德国开战。
亨利·福特拥有一项不太光彩的“荣誉”：他是希特勒《我的奋斗》一书中唯一被点名提及的美国人。
The origins of Ford’s antisemitism are unclear, but at some point we do know that he got his hands on a copy of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, a fabricated text that purported to outline a plot for Jewish world domination. The only problem is that Ford took stock in the text and believed it to be real.
In the 1920’s, Ford began publishing The International Jew: The World’s Problem. Additionally, Ford bought the struggling Dearborn Independent. Through both publications, Ford spread his virulent antisemitism to the masses, using his network of dealerships to distribute his publications.
福特反犹主义思想的起源尚不清楚，但我们确切知道，他曾得到过一本《锡安长老议定书》。这是一份伪造的文件，谎称其中概述了犹太人掌控世界的阴谋。而问题在于，福特对这份文件深信不疑，认为其内容真实可信。20世纪20年代，福特开始出版《国际犹太人：世界的问题》一书。此外，他还收购了当时举步维艰的《迪尔伯恩独立报》。通过这两种出版物，福特向大众传播其恶毒的反犹主义思想，还利用自己的经销商网络分发这些刊物。
Henry Ford was likely a genius and had insanely good business acumen. For that he is remembered. The fact that he was an antisemitic dickhead is usually left out of most historical accounts.
(Henry Ford receiving Nazi Germany’s Grand Cross of the German Eagle — the highest distinction that could be awarded to a foreigner. Image Source: The History Channel.)
亨利·福特或许是个天才，也拥有极其出色的商业头脑，人们也正因这一点记住了他。但大多数历史记载往往忽略了一个事实：他是个持有反犹主义思想的混蛋。
（亨利·福特曾获纳粹德国颁发的“德国鹰大十字勋章”——这是当时纳粹德国授予外国人的最高荣誉。
Christian Fann
Learn from your history or repeat it.
upxed 1y
克里斯蒂安·范恩 以史为鉴，否则重蹈覆辙。
We say these names when we want to call someone a traitor: Judas, Pontius Pilate, Benedict Arnold, and Robert E. Lee. But where oh where is John-Wilkes Booth?
He only killed the most iconic President in American history in 1865, right after the worst war that has ever taken place on our shores — The American Civil War.
Brother against Brother.
当我们想称某人为叛徒时，会提到这些名字：犹大、本丢·彼拉多、贝内迪克特·阿诺德和罗伯特·E·李。但约翰·威尔克斯·布斯呢？他的名字为何不在其中？
1865年，就在美国本土发生过的最惨烈战争——美国内战刚结束不久，他就刺杀了美国历史上最具标志性的总统。
这场战争堪称“兄弟阋墙”。
But even Wilkes-Booth didn’t start out life without a mother, even he had some measure of good in him before he turned turncoat. J. Edgar Hoover wasn’t around in those days, or his famed creation, The Federal Bureau of Investigation (The FBI), but if he were, and if it was, then the man sitting uncomfortably in the chair above would have DEFINITELY made its list.
Booth, one of ten children, the ninth of the litter, was born in Maryland to British Shakespearean actor Junius Brutus Booth and his Mistress, Mary Ann Holmes (she came from poverty and sold flowers outside of London theatres), who immigrated to the United States in 1821.
但即便是威尔克斯·布斯，出生时也并非没有母亲，在背叛之前，他身上或许也存有一丝善意。那时J·埃德加·胡佛尚未出世，他创立的著名机构联邦调查局（FBI）也还不存在，但倘若当时他们已然存在，那么上图中神色不安地坐在椅子上的这个人，无疑会被列入其追捕名单。
布斯是十个孩子中的老九，1821年随父母移民美国，出生于马里兰州。他的父亲是英国莎士比亚戏剧演员朱尼厄斯·布鲁特斯·布斯，母亲玛丽·安·霍姆斯曾是父亲的情妇，出身贫寒，早年在伦敦剧院外卖花为生。
Booth was described as a popular and athletic boy that, like so many boys, relied on his charms, and neglected to apply himself where it really counted: with his academics. He was skilled at horsemanship and fencing. While attending the Milton Boarding School, between 1850–1852, Booth and other students learned and recited classical works from men like Cicero, Herodotus, and Tacitus. The boys at the school were all garbed in military uniforms and were subjected to daily regimen drills and strict discipline.
据描述，布斯是个受欢迎且热爱运动的男孩，和许多同龄人一样，他凭借自身魅力受人喜爱，却在真正重要的学业上敷衍了事。他擅长骑马和击剑。1850年至1852年就读于米尔顿寄宿学校期间，布斯和其他学生一起学习并背诵西塞罗、希罗多德、塔西佗等古典作家的作品。该校男生均身着军装，每日需进行常规操练，接受严格纪律约束。
Booth left military school life at the age of fourteen after his father passed away. While attending the Milton Boarding School, an ominous prediction/spoiler was pronounced over him, via palm reader. The fortune teller told Booth: “You will lead a grand but short life, you will die young and meet a bad end.” By the age of sixteen, Booth caught the acting bug and decided to follow in the footsteps of his father and two of his older brothers, Edwin and Junius Jr, and become an actor.
14岁时，父亲去世，布斯离开了寄宿学校的军事化生活。在米尔顿寄宿学校就读期间，一位看手相的人为他做出了一个不祥的预言：“你会拥有辉煌但短暂的一生，英年早逝，结局悲惨。”16岁时，布斯迷上了表演，决定追随父亲以及哥哥埃德温、朱尼厄斯二世的脚步，成为一名演员。
His big break came at the young age of seventeen on April 14, 1855. The late teen played the supporting role in the Earl of Richmond in Richard III at Baltimore’s Charles Street Theatre. After he flubbed some of his lines, the audience jeered him. They might as well have thrown turkeys on stage! Booth continued and eventually got better and better and became a hit with audiences because of his good looks and energetic performances.
1855年4月14日，17岁的布斯迎来了事业的重大突破。这位少年在巴尔的摩查尔斯街剧院上演的《理查三世》中，饰演了里士满伯爵这一配角。起初他念错了几句台词，遭到观众嘲笑，那场面简直堪比被扔火鸡般难堪！但布斯没有放弃，演技逐渐精进，最终凭借俊朗的外形和充满活力的表演深受观众喜爱。
In 1861, when the Civil War broke out, Booth was acting in Albany, NY and voiced support for Southern secession. Booth was a staunch supporter of slavery, and hated the North as well as President Lincoln. Booth’s brothers, like most Marylanders, were politically divided, and could not stand their younger brother’s support of the country being ripped to shreds.
Booth was arrested in 1863, but was eventually released after signing an oath to the unx, and paying a substantial fine, after he said, “I wish Lincoln and the federal government would all go straight to hell!” those remarks were seen as tantamount to treason.
1861年内战爆发时，布斯正在纽约州奥尔巴尼演戏，他公开支持南方各州脱离联邦。布斯是奴隶制的坚定拥护者，痛恨北方各州和林肯总统。和大多数马里兰州人一样，布斯的兄弟们在政治立场上存在分歧，他们无法容忍弟弟支持国家分裂。
1863年，布斯因发表“愿林肯和联邦政府都下地狱去！”的言论被捕——这番话被视为等同于叛国。最终，他通过签署支持联邦的誓言并缴纳巨额罚金获释。
In 1864, Booth formulated a plot to kidnap #16. He saw that the North was winning the war and that Lincoln stood a better than good chance at being re-elected. He aimed to kidnap Lincoln from his summer home at the Old Soldier’s Home, which was three miles from the White House and take him across the Potomac River and into Richmond, Virginia. Once in the hands of the Confederacy, Lincoln would be exchanged for Confederate Army prisoners of war held in northern prisons. This act was supposed to bring an end to the Civil War by forcing unx opposition to the war or the unx’s recognition of the Confederate government.
1864年，布斯策划了绑架美国第16任总统林肯的阴谋。当时他看出北方正赢得战争，林肯连任的可能性极大。他计划从林肯位于老战士之家的避暑别墅（距离白宫三英里）将其绑架，带过波托马克河，押往弗吉尼亚州的里士满。一旦林肯落入南部邦联手中，就用他交换关押在北方监狱里的南部邦联战俘。布斯认为，这一行为能迫使联邦放弃战争或承认南部邦联政府，从而结束内战。
On April 11, 1865, Mr. Thespian Express was outside the White House in the crowd when Lincoln gave an impromptu speech out of his window. Lincoln said that he supported giving suffrage to former slaves; angered by this, Booth said that this speech would be the last one that our $5 dollar bill would ever make. On the morning of April 14, 1865, Booth went to Ford’s theatre to collect his mail. While there he was told by John Ford’s brother that the President, his wife, as well as Ulysses S. Grant and his wife, would be attending the theatre that evening to watch a play. Catching lightning in a bottle, Booth’s scheming genius began to surface, and he began making plans to assassinate the President.
1865年4月11日，林肯在白宫窗口发表即兴演讲时，身为演员的布斯也在宫外的人群中。林肯表示支持给予前奴隶选举权，这让布斯怒不可遏，他扬言这将是印在五美元纸币上的这位总统的最后一次演讲。1865年4月14日上午，布斯前往福特剧院取邮件，期间从剧院老板约翰·福特的兄弟口中得知，总统夫妇以及尤利西斯·S·格兰特夫妇当晚将前往剧院看戏。这一千载难逢的机会让布斯的阴谋天赋浮出水面，他随即开始策划刺杀总统的行动。
Because he was an actor, Booth had free access to all parts of the theatre, which made him above suspicion. It is believed by many that he bored a spyhole into Lincoln’s Presidential Box in order to keep an eye on his comings and goings. After spending a good deal of time at the Saloon during intermission, Booth entered Ford’s theatre one last time at around 10:10 p.m. He slipped into Lincoln’s box just a few minutes later and shot the unsuspecting Pressident in the back of the head with a .44 caliber Deringer pistol. He sliced Major Rathbone with a knife when he tried to apprehend him, and then jumped from the skybox and landed on the stage below.
由于身为演员，布斯可以自由出入剧院的各个区域，这让他不会引起怀疑。许多人认为，他在林肯的总统包厢上钻了一个窥视孔，以便监视总统的行踪。中场休息时，布斯在酒馆逗留了许久，约晚上10点10分再次进入福特剧院。几分钟后，他溜进林肯的包厢，用一把点44口径的德林杰手枪从背后射杀了毫无防备的总统。当拉思伯恩少校试图逮捕他时，布斯用刀将其划伤，随后从包厢跳下，落到了下方的舞台上。
In less than ten seconds, this man had gone from local hero to local villain. He raised his knife in the air and screamed, “Sic semper tyrannis!” the event happened so fast that no one was ready for it. Booth managed to evade the few people that tried to seize him and escaped via stage door that led to an alley where he mounted his getaway horse.
短短十秒内，这个人就从当地英雄沦为了叛徒。他举起匕首高呼：“暴君就该如此下场！”。事发突然，众人猝不及防。布斯成功摆脱了几名试图阻拦他的人，从通往小巷的舞台门逃脱，骑上早已备好的逃亡马匹离去。
Jumping from the Presidential Suite fractured Booth’s leg, so his escape was not at full strength. Booth stopped at the home of Dr. Samuel Mudd, a physician that lived twenty five miles away from Washington, so that he could get his leg looked after. Booth told the good doctor that he fractured his leg after his horse fell. After spending time at the doctor’s home, Booth traveled to the home of Samuel Cox, arriving at 4 a.m. Soon after, Cox contacted his foster brother Thomas A Jones, a Confederate agent in charge of spy operations in the Maryland area.
从总统包厢跳下导致布斯腿部骨折，这让他的逃亡之路步履维艰。他前往华盛顿25英里外的塞缪尔·马德医生家中求医，谎称自己因马匹摔倒导致腿部骨折。在医生家停留一段时间后，布斯于凌晨4点抵达塞缪尔·考克斯家中。不久后，考克斯联系了他的养兄弟托马斯·A·琼斯——一名负责马里兰州地区间谍活动的南部邦联特工。
The War Department put out a $100,000 reward for the capture of Booth. That would be equivalent to about $2,000,000 in 2024, ordered by the Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton. While continuing to hide in the Maryland woods, Booth got wind of the fact that many of his co-conspirators were arrested and jailed, and that there was hardly any sympathy at all for his actions, even from those that had previously disagreed with or didn't like Lincoln in the south.
在美国战争部长埃德温·M·斯坦顿的命令下，战争部悬赏10万美元捉拿布斯，这笔奖金相当于2024年的约200万美元。布斯继续躲藏在马里兰州的树林中，期间得知他的许多同谋已被捕入狱，即便在南方，那些此前不认同或不喜欢林肯的人，也几乎没有人对他的行为表示同情。
On April 26th, 1865, after staying a couple of days at the farm of Richard Garrett, two miles away from Virginia, Booth managed to get in his good graces by pretending to be a soldier that was injured in battle, he was cornered by unx soldiers and shot in the neck and killed in Garrett’s barn that was set on fire. His last words were, “Tell my mother I did it for my country.”
1865年4月26日，布斯在弗吉尼亚州两英里外的理查德·加勒特农场躲藏了几天后，谎称自己是受伤的士兵赢得了加勒特的信任，却最终被联邦士兵包围。士兵们放火焚烧了加勒特的谷仓，布斯在谷仓中颈部中弹身亡。他的临终遗言是：“告诉我的母亲，我是为国家而死。”
Jean-Marie Valheur
lover of history by Roger Atkins, Masters Professional Ed History & Politics, Deakin University (2008)
让-马里·瓦尔厄 历史爱好者 获罗杰·阿特金斯点赞，其拥有迪肯大学历史与政治学专业教育硕士学位（2008年）
A fine example would be the legendary aviator Charles Lindbergh. He heavily lobbied against America fighting in WWII — he was a strong proponent of an “America First” policy and an isolationist Washington, uninvolved in the affairs of the world.
一个典型的例子是传奇飞行员查尔斯·林德伯格。他极力游说美国不要参与二战，是“美国优先”政策的坚定支持者，主张华盛顿奉行孤立主义，不干涉国际事务。
Lindbergh didn’t want to waste money on “wars that couldn’t be won” and, felt that the Germans of Hitler weren’t really the enemy… they had “legitimate concerns” and it wasn’t America’s job to act as world police. Led the Europeans and the Jews just settle their own affairs, he felt. I would say he was definitely on the wrong side of history. And, in his defense, he did change his mind… it took Pearl Harbor, and his own nation being attacked, but he did change course. Many felt — rightfully so — that it was too little, too late.
林德伯格不愿将资金浪费在“无法打赢的战争”上，还认为希特勒领导的德国人并非真正的敌人，他们有着“合理诉求”，而美国没有义务充当世界警察。他觉得欧洲人和犹太人应该自己解决内部事务。我认为他无疑站在了历史的错误一边。不过公平地说，他后来确实改变了想法——珍珠港事件爆发，自己的国家遭到袭击后，他才转变了立场。但许多人认为，这种转变来得太少、太晚，这一观点不无道理。
Charles Lindbergh damaged his legacy tremendously by acting as a “useful idiot” for foreign dictators. Damaged it in ways that nothing he did before, or after, could ever undo. It reminds me a lot of politicians, celebrities and private citizens today who argue against American involvement in NATO or in the aid of embattled Ukraine — like with Lindbergh, it’ll take another Pearl Harbor to wake people up.
查尔斯·林德伯格沦为外国独裁者的“有用的傻瓜”，这严重损害了他的声誉，其造成的破坏是他此前或此后的任何行为都无法挽回的。这让我不禁想到如今那些反对美国参与北约事务、反对援助陷入困境的乌克兰的政客、名人和普通民众——就像当年的林德伯格一样，或许只有再一次珍珠港事件，才能唤醒这些人。
Thomas Canfield
托马斯·坎菲尔德
J. William Fullbright was a distinguished Senator from Arkansas. He was the longest serving head of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He established the Fullbright grants for education. He was one of the leading Senators to oppose American involvement in Vietnam, and he stood up to pressure from Lyndon Johnson’s administration. Unfortunately, Fullbright was against civil rights. In 1950, he proposed a bill saying that servicemen should be given a choice of serving in an integrated army. He signed Strom Thumond’s Southern Manifesto opposing the integration decision in the case of Brown versus the Board of Education. In 1964, he joined other Southern Senators in opposing the Civil Rights Act. In 1965, he opposed the Voting Rights Act. However, by 1970 he voted for an extension of the Voting Rights Act. Some of his friends said that Fullbright was not personally racist, but that he was expected to support segregation like other Southern politicians. President Bill Clinton later said that he enjoyed arguing with Fullbright because he was well-educated and not mean in his arguments. Clinton presented Fullbright with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1995. Fullbright passed away in 1995 at the age of 88.
J·威廉·富布赖特是阿肯色州的著名参议员，曾担任参议院外交关系委员会主席，任职时间创下纪录。他创立了富布赖特教育奖学金项目，也是反对美国卷入越南战争的主要参议员之一，曾顶住林登·约翰逊政府的压力坚持立场。但遗憾的是，富布赖特反对民权运动。1950年，他提出一项法案，主张军人有权选择是否在种族融合的军队中服役；他还签署了斯特罗姆·瑟蒙德发起的《南方宣言》，反对“布朗诉教育委员会案”中关于种族融合的判决；1964年，他与其他南方参议员一同反对《民权法案》；1965年，他又反对《选举权法案》。不过到了1970年，他投票支持延长《选举权法案》的有效期。他的一些朋友表示，富布赖特个人并非种族主义者，但作为南方政客，他被期望支持种族隔离政策。比尔·克林顿总统后来回忆，他很喜欢与富布赖特争论，因为富布赖特学识渊博，争论时也不失风度。1995年，克林顿授予富布赖特总统自由勋章，同年，富布赖特去世，享年88岁。
Perry Sams
Bachelors in Journalism, Arizona State University (Graduated 1980)
佩里·桑姆斯 亚利桑那州立大学新闻学学士（1980年毕业）
Here's just a few, who stand out strongly as “historically wrong.”
Charles Lindbergh. National hero as an aviation pioneer, his views took an isolationist swerve when the Nazis were on the march.
General George Armstrong Custer. There's a fine book out called”Custer Died for your sins “ in retrospect, Yes.
以下是几位明显“站在历史错误一边”的人物。
查尔斯·林德伯格。作为航空先驱，他是国家英雄，但在纳粹步步紧逼之际，他的观点却转向了孤立主义。
乔治·阿姆斯特朗·卡斯特将军。有一本好书名为《卡斯特为你的罪孽而死》，回想起来，确实如此。
Herbert Hoover. In an era when profits and free trade were beyond reproach, this Republican believed that Black Friday was a freak event and “ business will solve America's problems. “. Millions of unemployed and poor Americans disagreed and the economic downswing continued for 10 years. A Democrat won the Presidency the next five campaigns, 1932 to 1948.
赫伯特·胡佛。在那个利润和自由贸易被奉为圭臬的时代，这位共和党人认为“黑色星期五”只是一次反常事件，坚信“商业会解决美国的所有问题”。但数百万失业和贫困的美国人并不认同，经济衰退持续了十年之久。1932年至1948年的五次总统大选中，民主党人连续胜出。
And last, the A and R talent scouts of Decca Records. Decca turned down the Beatles right before Vee Jay and other record companies signed them. The given reason: “Boy bands are on the way out” ( and that trend is fading), which turned out to be the exact opposite of what occured for at least two decades.
最后是迪卡唱片公司的艺人发掘部门。就在维杰唱片等公司与披头士乐队签约前夕，迪卡唱片拒绝了他们，给出的理由是“男子组合即将过时”（且这一趋势正在消退）。但事实恰恰相反，此后至少二十年间，男子组合风潮热度不减。
哪些历史人物站在了历史的错误一边？
Dennis Watson
Lived in Detroit, MI (1985–2005)
Upvoted by Roger Atkins, Masters Professional Ed History & Politics, Deakin University (2008)
丹尼斯·沃森
曾居住于密歇根州底特律市（1985-2005年）
获罗杰·阿特金斯点赞，其拥有迪肯大学历史与政治学专业教育硕士学位（2008年）
A man considered a hometown hero in Detroit — none other than Henry Ford.
在底特律，有一位被视为家乡英雄的人物——他不是别人，正是亨利·福特。
There are roads, buildings, and schools named after him in my hometown of Detroit. Yet, few people know about Henry Ford’s legacy of antisemitism or that he opposed war with Germany during WWII.
Henry Ford held the dubious honor of being the only American mentioned by name in Hitler’s Mein Kampf.
在我的家乡底特律，有多条道路、多座建筑和学校以他的名字命名。然而，很少有人知道亨利·福特的反犹主义行径，也鲜少有人知晓他在二战期间反对与德国开战。
亨利·福特拥有一项不太光彩的“荣誉”：他是希特勒《我的奋斗》一书中唯一被点名提及的美国人。
The origins of Ford’s antisemitism are unclear, but at some point we do know that he got his hands on a copy of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, a fabricated text that purported to outline a plot for Jewish world domination. The only problem is that Ford took stock in the text and believed it to be real.
In the 1920’s, Ford began publishing The International Jew: The World’s Problem. Additionally, Ford bought the struggling Dearborn Independent. Through both publications, Ford spread his virulent antisemitism to the masses, using his network of dealerships to distribute his publications.
福特反犹主义思想的起源尚不清楚，但我们确切知道，他曾得到过一本《锡安长老议定书》。这是一份伪造的文件，谎称其中概述了犹太人掌控世界的阴谋。而问题在于，福特对这份文件深信不疑，认为其内容真实可信。20世纪20年代，福特开始出版《国际犹太人：世界的问题》一书。此外，他还收购了当时举步维艰的《迪尔伯恩独立报》。通过这两种出版物，福特向大众传播其恶毒的反犹主义思想，还利用自己的经销商网络分发这些刊物。
Henry Ford was likely a genius and had insanely good business acumen. For that he is remembered. The fact that he was an antisemitic dickhead is usually left out of most historical accounts.
(Henry Ford receiving Nazi Germany’s Grand Cross of the German Eagle — the highest distinction that could be awarded to a foreigner. Image Source: The History Channel.)
亨利·福特或许是个天才，也拥有极其出色的商业头脑，人们也正因这一点记住了他。但大多数历史记载往往忽略了一个事实：他是个持有反犹主义思想的混蛋。
（亨利·福特曾获纳粹德国颁发的“德国鹰大十字勋章”——这是当时纳粹德国授予外国人的最高荣誉。
Christian Fann
Learn from your history or repeat it.
upxed 1y
克里斯蒂安·范恩 以史为鉴，否则重蹈覆辙。
We say these names when we want to call someone a traitor: Judas, Pontius Pilate, Benedict Arnold, and Robert E. Lee. But where oh where is John-Wilkes Booth?
He only killed the most iconic President in American history in 1865, right after the worst war that has ever taken place on our shores — The American Civil War.
Brother against Brother.
当我们想称某人为叛徒时，会提到这些名字：犹大、本丢·彼拉多、贝内迪克特·阿诺德和罗伯特·E·李。但约翰·威尔克斯·布斯呢？他的名字为何不在其中？
1865年，就在美国本土发生过的最惨烈战争——美国内战刚结束不久，他就刺杀了美国历史上最具标志性的总统。
这场战争堪称“兄弟阋墙”。
But even Wilkes-Booth didn’t start out life without a mother, even he had some measure of good in him before he turned turncoat. J. Edgar Hoover wasn’t around in those days, or his famed creation, The Federal Bureau of Investigation (The FBI), but if he were, and if it was, then the man sitting uncomfortably in the chair above would have DEFINITELY made its list.
Booth, one of ten children, the ninth of the litter, was born in Maryland to British Shakespearean actor Junius Brutus Booth and his Mistress, Mary Ann Holmes (she came from poverty and sold flowers outside of London theatres), who immigrated to the United States in 1821.
但即便是威尔克斯·布斯，出生时也并非没有母亲，在背叛之前，他身上或许也存有一丝善意。那时J·埃德加·胡佛尚未出世，他创立的著名机构联邦调查局（FBI）也还不存在，但倘若当时他们已然存在，那么上图中神色不安地坐在椅子上的这个人，无疑会被列入其追捕名单。
布斯是十个孩子中的老九，1821年随父母移民美国，出生于马里兰州。他的父亲是英国莎士比亚戏剧演员朱尼厄斯·布鲁特斯·布斯，母亲玛丽·安·霍姆斯曾是父亲的情妇，出身贫寒，早年在伦敦剧院外卖花为生。
Booth was described as a popular and athletic boy that, like so many boys, relied on his charms, and neglected to apply himself where it really counted: with his academics. He was skilled at horsemanship and fencing. While attending the Milton Boarding School, between 1850–1852, Booth and other students learned and recited classical works from men like Cicero, Herodotus, and Tacitus. The boys at the school were all garbed in military uniforms and were subjected to daily regimen drills and strict discipline.
据描述，布斯是个受欢迎且热爱运动的男孩，和许多同龄人一样，他凭借自身魅力受人喜爱，却在真正重要的学业上敷衍了事。他擅长骑马和击剑。1850年至1852年就读于米尔顿寄宿学校期间，布斯和其他学生一起学习并背诵西塞罗、希罗多德、塔西佗等古典作家的作品。该校男生均身着军装，每日需进行常规操练，接受严格纪律约束。
Booth left military school life at the age of fourteen after his father passed away. While attending the Milton Boarding School, an ominous prediction/spoiler was pronounced over him, via palm reader. The fortune teller told Booth: “You will lead a grand but short life, you will die young and meet a bad end.” By the age of sixteen, Booth caught the acting bug and decided to follow in the footsteps of his father and two of his older brothers, Edwin and Junius Jr, and become an actor.
14岁时，父亲去世，布斯离开了寄宿学校的军事化生活。在米尔顿寄宿学校就读期间，一位看手相的人为他做出了一个不祥的预言：“你会拥有辉煌但短暂的一生，英年早逝，结局悲惨。”16岁时，布斯迷上了表演，决定追随父亲以及哥哥埃德温、朱尼厄斯二世的脚步，成为一名演员。
His big break came at the young age of seventeen on April 14, 1855. The late teen played the supporting role in the Earl of Richmond in Richard III at Baltimore’s Charles Street Theatre. After he flubbed some of his lines, the audience jeered him. They might as well have thrown turkeys on stage! Booth continued and eventually got better and better and became a hit with audiences because of his good looks and energetic performances.
1855年4月14日，17岁的布斯迎来了事业的重大突破。这位少年在巴尔的摩查尔斯街剧院上演的《理查三世》中，饰演了里士满伯爵这一配角。起初他念错了几句台词，遭到观众嘲笑，那场面简直堪比被扔火鸡般难堪！但布斯没有放弃，演技逐渐精进，最终凭借俊朗的外形和充满活力的表演深受观众喜爱。
In 1861, when the Civil War broke out, Booth was acting in Albany, NY and voiced support for Southern secession. Booth was a staunch supporter of slavery, and hated the North as well as President Lincoln. Booth’s brothers, like most Marylanders, were politically divided, and could not stand their younger brother’s support of the country being ripped to shreds.
Booth was arrested in 1863, but was eventually released after signing an oath to the unx, and paying a substantial fine, after he said, “I wish Lincoln and the federal government would all go straight to hell!” those remarks were seen as tantamount to treason.
1861年内战爆发时，布斯正在纽约州奥尔巴尼演戏，他公开支持南方各州脱离联邦。布斯是奴隶制的坚定拥护者，痛恨北方各州和林肯总统。和大多数马里兰州人一样，布斯的兄弟们在政治立场上存在分歧，他们无法容忍弟弟支持国家分裂。
1863年，布斯因发表“愿林肯和联邦政府都下地狱去！”的言论被捕——这番话被视为等同于叛国。最终，他通过签署支持联邦的誓言并缴纳巨额罚金获释。
In 1864, Booth formulated a plot to kidnap #16. He saw that the North was winning the war and that Lincoln stood a better than good chance at being re-elected. He aimed to kidnap Lincoln from his summer home at the Old Soldier’s Home, which was three miles from the White House and take him across the Potomac River and into Richmond, Virginia. Once in the hands of the Confederacy, Lincoln would be exchanged for Confederate Army prisoners of war held in northern prisons. This act was supposed to bring an end to the Civil War by forcing unx opposition to the war or the unx’s recognition of the Confederate government.
1864年，布斯策划了绑架美国第16任总统林肯的阴谋。当时他看出北方正赢得战争，林肯连任的可能性极大。他计划从林肯位于老战士之家的避暑别墅（距离白宫三英里）将其绑架，带过波托马克河，押往弗吉尼亚州的里士满。一旦林肯落入南部邦联手中，就用他交换关押在北方监狱里的南部邦联战俘。布斯认为，这一行为能迫使联邦放弃战争或承认南部邦联政府，从而结束内战。
On April 11, 1865, Mr. Thespian Express was outside the White House in the crowd when Lincoln gave an impromptu speech out of his window. Lincoln said that he supported giving suffrage to former slaves; angered by this, Booth said that this speech would be the last one that our $5 dollar bill would ever make. On the morning of April 14, 1865, Booth went to Ford’s theatre to collect his mail. While there he was told by John Ford’s brother that the President, his wife, as well as Ulysses S. Grant and his wife, would be attending the theatre that evening to watch a play. Catching lightning in a bottle, Booth’s scheming genius began to surface, and he began making plans to assassinate the President.
1865年4月11日，林肯在白宫窗口发表即兴演讲时，身为演员的布斯也在宫外的人群中。林肯表示支持给予前奴隶选举权，这让布斯怒不可遏，他扬言这将是印在五美元纸币上的这位总统的最后一次演讲。1865年4月14日上午，布斯前往福特剧院取邮件，期间从剧院老板约翰·福特的兄弟口中得知，总统夫妇以及尤利西斯·S·格兰特夫妇当晚将前往剧院看戏。这一千载难逢的机会让布斯的阴谋天赋浮出水面，他随即开始策划刺杀总统的行动。
Because he was an actor, Booth had free access to all parts of the theatre, which made him above suspicion. It is believed by many that he bored a spyhole into Lincoln’s Presidential Box in order to keep an eye on his comings and goings. After spending a good deal of time at the Saloon during intermission, Booth entered Ford’s theatre one last time at around 10:10 p.m. He slipped into Lincoln’s box just a few minutes later and shot the unsuspecting Pressident in the back of the head with a .44 caliber Deringer pistol. He sliced Major Rathbone with a knife when he tried to apprehend him, and then jumped from the skybox and landed on the stage below.
由于身为演员，布斯可以自由出入剧院的各个区域，这让他不会引起怀疑。许多人认为，他在林肯的总统包厢上钻了一个窥视孔，以便监视总统的行踪。中场休息时，布斯在酒馆逗留了许久，约晚上10点10分再次进入福特剧院。几分钟后，他溜进林肯的包厢，用一把点44口径的德林杰手枪从背后射杀了毫无防备的总统。当拉思伯恩少校试图逮捕他时，布斯用刀将其划伤，随后从包厢跳下，落到了下方的舞台上。
In less than ten seconds, this man had gone from local hero to local villain. He raised his knife in the air and screamed, “Sic semper tyrannis!” the event happened so fast that no one was ready for it. Booth managed to evade the few people that tried to seize him and escaped via stage door that led to an alley where he mounted his getaway horse.
短短十秒内，这个人就从当地英雄沦为了叛徒。他举起匕首高呼：“暴君就该如此下场！”。事发突然，众人猝不及防。布斯成功摆脱了几名试图阻拦他的人，从通往小巷的舞台门逃脱，骑上早已备好的逃亡马匹离去。
Jumping from the Presidential Suite fractured Booth’s leg, so his escape was not at full strength. Booth stopped at the home of Dr. Samuel Mudd, a physician that lived twenty five miles away from Washington, so that he could get his leg looked after. Booth told the good doctor that he fractured his leg after his horse fell. After spending time at the doctor’s home, Booth traveled to the home of Samuel Cox, arriving at 4 a.m. Soon after, Cox contacted his foster brother Thomas A Jones, a Confederate agent in charge of spy operations in the Maryland area.
从总统包厢跳下导致布斯腿部骨折，这让他的逃亡之路步履维艰。他前往华盛顿25英里外的塞缪尔·马德医生家中求医，谎称自己因马匹摔倒导致腿部骨折。在医生家停留一段时间后，布斯于凌晨4点抵达塞缪尔·考克斯家中。不久后，考克斯联系了他的养兄弟托马斯·A·琼斯——一名负责马里兰州地区间谍活动的南部邦联特工。
The War Department put out a $100,000 reward for the capture of Booth. That would be equivalent to about $2,000,000 in 2024, ordered by the Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton. While continuing to hide in the Maryland woods, Booth got wind of the fact that many of his co-conspirators were arrested and jailed, and that there was hardly any sympathy at all for his actions, even from those that had previously disagreed with or didn't like Lincoln in the south.
在美国战争部长埃德温·M·斯坦顿的命令下，战争部悬赏10万美元捉拿布斯，这笔奖金相当于2024年的约200万美元。布斯继续躲藏在马里兰州的树林中，期间得知他的许多同谋已被捕入狱，即便在南方，那些此前不认同或不喜欢林肯的人，也几乎没有人对他的行为表示同情。
On April 26th, 1865, after staying a couple of days at the farm of Richard Garrett, two miles away from Virginia, Booth managed to get in his good graces by pretending to be a soldier that was injured in battle, he was cornered by unx soldiers and shot in the neck and killed in Garrett’s barn that was set on fire. His last words were, “Tell my mother I did it for my country.”
1865年4月26日，布斯在弗吉尼亚州两英里外的理查德·加勒特农场躲藏了几天后，谎称自己是受伤的士兵赢得了加勒特的信任，却最终被联邦士兵包围。士兵们放火焚烧了加勒特的谷仓，布斯在谷仓中颈部中弹身亡。他的临终遗言是：“告诉我的母亲，我是为国家而死。”
Jean-Marie Valheur
lover of history by Roger Atkins, Masters Professional Ed History & Politics, Deakin University (2008)
让-马里·瓦尔厄 历史爱好者 获罗杰·阿特金斯点赞，其拥有迪肯大学历史与政治学专业教育硕士学位（2008年）
A fine example would be the legendary aviator Charles Lindbergh. He heavily lobbied against America fighting in WWII — he was a strong proponent of an “America First” policy and an isolationist Washington, uninvolved in the affairs of the world.
一个典型的例子是传奇飞行员查尔斯·林德伯格。他极力游说美国不要参与二战，是“美国优先”政策的坚定支持者，主张华盛顿奉行孤立主义，不干涉国际事务。
Lindbergh didn’t want to waste money on “wars that couldn’t be won” and, felt that the Germans of Hitler weren’t really the enemy… they had “legitimate concerns” and it wasn’t America’s job to act as world police. Led the Europeans and the Jews just settle their own affairs, he felt. I would say he was definitely on the wrong side of history. And, in his defense, he did change his mind… it took Pearl Harbor, and his own nation being attacked, but he did change course. Many felt — rightfully so — that it was too little, too late.
林德伯格不愿将资金浪费在“无法打赢的战争”上，还认为希特勒领导的德国人并非真正的敌人，他们有着“合理诉求”，而美国没有义务充当世界警察。他觉得欧洲人和犹太人应该自己解决内部事务。我认为他无疑站在了历史的错误一边。不过公平地说，他后来确实改变了想法——珍珠港事件爆发，自己的国家遭到袭击后，他才转变了立场。但许多人认为，这种转变来得太少、太晚，这一观点不无道理。
Charles Lindbergh damaged his legacy tremendously by acting as a “useful idiot” for foreign dictators. Damaged it in ways that nothing he did before, or after, could ever undo. It reminds me a lot of politicians, celebrities and private citizens today who argue against American involvement in NATO or in the aid of embattled Ukraine — like with Lindbergh, it’ll take another Pearl Harbor to wake people up.
查尔斯·林德伯格沦为外国独裁者的“有用的傻瓜”，这严重损害了他的声誉，其造成的破坏是他此前或此后的任何行为都无法挽回的。这让我不禁想到如今那些反对美国参与北约事务、反对援助陷入困境的乌克兰的政客、名人和普通民众——就像当年的林德伯格一样，或许只有再一次珍珠港事件，才能唤醒这些人。
Thomas Canfield
托马斯·坎菲尔德
J. William Fullbright was a distinguished Senator from Arkansas. He was the longest serving head of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He established the Fullbright grants for education. He was one of the leading Senators to oppose American involvement in Vietnam, and he stood up to pressure from Lyndon Johnson’s administration. Unfortunately, Fullbright was against civil rights. In 1950, he proposed a bill saying that servicemen should be given a choice of serving in an integrated army. He signed Strom Thumond’s Southern Manifesto opposing the integration decision in the case of Brown versus the Board of Education. In 1964, he joined other Southern Senators in opposing the Civil Rights Act. In 1965, he opposed the Voting Rights Act. However, by 1970 he voted for an extension of the Voting Rights Act. Some of his friends said that Fullbright was not personally racist, but that he was expected to support segregation like other Southern politicians. President Bill Clinton later said that he enjoyed arguing with Fullbright because he was well-educated and not mean in his arguments. Clinton presented Fullbright with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1995. Fullbright passed away in 1995 at the age of 88.
J·威廉·富布赖特是阿肯色州的著名参议员，曾担任参议院外交关系委员会主席，任职时间创下纪录。他创立了富布赖特教育奖学金项目，也是反对美国卷入越南战争的主要参议员之一，曾顶住林登·约翰逊政府的压力坚持立场。但遗憾的是，富布赖特反对民权运动。1950年，他提出一项法案，主张军人有权选择是否在种族融合的军队中服役；他还签署了斯特罗姆·瑟蒙德发起的《南方宣言》，反对“布朗诉教育委员会案”中关于种族融合的判决；1964年，他与其他南方参议员一同反对《民权法案》；1965年，他又反对《选举权法案》。不过到了1970年，他投票支持延长《选举权法案》的有效期。他的一些朋友表示，富布赖特个人并非种族主义者，但作为南方政客，他被期望支持种族隔离政策。比尔·克林顿总统后来回忆，他很喜欢与富布赖特争论，因为富布赖特学识渊博，争论时也不失风度。1995年，克林顿授予富布赖特总统自由勋章，同年，富布赖特去世，享年88岁。
Perry Sams
Bachelors in Journalism, Arizona State University (Graduated 1980)
佩里·桑姆斯 亚利桑那州立大学新闻学学士（1980年毕业）
Here's just a few, who stand out strongly as “historically wrong.”
Charles Lindbergh. National hero as an aviation pioneer, his views took an isolationist swerve when the Nazis were on the march.
General George Armstrong Custer. There's a fine book out called”Custer Died for your sins “ in retrospect, Yes.
以下是几位明显“站在历史错误一边”的人物。
查尔斯·林德伯格。作为航空先驱，他是国家英雄，但在纳粹步步紧逼之际，他的观点却转向了孤立主义。
乔治·阿姆斯特朗·卡斯特将军。有一本好书名为《卡斯特为你的罪孽而死》，回想起来，确实如此。
Herbert Hoover. In an era when profits and free trade were beyond reproach, this Republican believed that Black Friday was a freak event and “ business will solve America's problems. “. Millions of unemployed and poor Americans disagreed and the economic downswing continued for 10 years. A Democrat won the Presidency the next five campaigns, 1932 to 1948.
赫伯特·胡佛。在那个利润和自由贸易被奉为圭臬的时代，这位共和党人认为“黑色星期五”只是一次反常事件，坚信“商业会解决美国的所有问题”。但数百万失业和贫困的美国人并不认同，经济衰退持续了十年之久。1932年至1948年的五次总统大选中，民主党人连续胜出。
And last, the A and R talent scouts of Decca Records. Decca turned down the Beatles right before Vee Jay and other record companies signed them. The given reason: “Boy bands are on the way out” ( and that trend is fading), which turned out to be the exact opposite of what occured for at least two decades.
最后是迪卡唱片公司的艺人发掘部门。就在维杰唱片等公司与披头士乐队签约前夕，迪卡唱片拒绝了他们，给出的理由是“男子组合即将过时”（且这一趋势正在消退）。但事实恰恰相反，此后至少二十年间，男子组合风潮热度不减。
评论翻译
Which historical figures were on the wrong side of history?
哪些历史人物站在了历史的错误一边？
Dennis Watson
Lived in Detroit, MI (1985–2005)
Upvoted by Roger Atkins, Masters Professional Ed History & Politics, Deakin University (2008)
丹尼斯·沃森
曾居住于密歇根州底特律市（1985-2005年）
获罗杰·阿特金斯点赞，其拥有迪肯大学历史与政治学专业教育硕士学位（2008年）
A man considered a hometown hero in Detroit — none other than Henry Ford.
在底特律，有一位被视为家乡英雄的人物——他不是别人，正是亨利·福特。
There are roads, buildings, and schools named after him in my hometown of Detroit. Yet, few people know about Henry Ford’s legacy of antisemitism or that he opposed war with Germany during WWII.
Henry Ford held the dubious honor of being the only American mentioned by name in Hitler’s Mein Kampf.
在我的家乡底特律，有多条道路、多座建筑和学校以他的名字命名。然而，很少有人知道亨利·福特的反犹主义行径，也鲜少有人知晓他在二战期间反对与德国开战。
亨利·福特拥有一项不太光彩的“荣誉”：他是希特勒《我的奋斗》一书中唯一被点名提及的美国人。
The origins of Ford’s antisemitism are unclear, but at some point we do know that he got his hands on a copy of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, a fabricated text that purported to outline a plot for Jewish world domination. The only problem is that Ford took stock in the text and believed it to be real.
In the 1920’s, Ford began publishing The International Jew: The World’s Problem. Additionally, Ford bought the struggling Dearborn Independent. Through both publications, Ford spread his virulent antisemitism to the masses, using his network of dealerships to distribute his publications.
福特反犹主义思想的起源尚不清楚，但我们确切知道，他曾得到过一本《锡安长老议定书》。这是一份伪造的文件，谎称其中概述了犹太人掌控世界的阴谋。而问题在于，福特对这份文件深信不疑，认为其内容真实可信。20世纪20年代，福特开始出版《国际犹太人：世界的问题》一书。此外，他还收购了当时举步维艰的《迪尔伯恩独立报》。通过这两种出版物，福特向大众传播其恶毒的反犹主义思想，还利用自己的经销商网络分发这些刊物。
Henry Ford was likely a genius and had insanely good business acumen. For that he is remembered. The fact that he was an antisemitic dickhead is usually left out of most historical accounts.
(Henry Ford receiving Nazi Germany’s Grand Cross of the German Eagle — the highest distinction that could be awarded to a foreigner. Image Source: The History Channel.)
亨利·福特或许是个天才，也拥有极其出色的商业头脑，人们也正因这一点记住了他。但大多数历史记载往往忽略了一个事实：他是个持有反犹主义思想的混蛋。
（亨利·福特曾获纳粹德国颁发的“德国鹰大十字勋章”——这是当时纳粹德国授予外国人的最高荣誉。
Christian Fann
Learn from your history or repeat it.
upxed 1y
克里斯蒂安·范恩 以史为鉴，否则重蹈覆辙。
We say these names when we want to call someone a traitor: Judas, Pontius Pilate, Benedict Arnold, and Robert E. Lee. But where oh where is John-Wilkes Booth?
He only killed the most iconic President in American history in 1865, right after the worst war that has ever taken place on our shores — The American Civil War.
Brother against Brother.
当我们想称某人为叛徒时，会提到这些名字：犹大、本丢·彼拉多、贝内迪克特·阿诺德和罗伯特·E·李。但约翰·威尔克斯·布斯呢？他的名字为何不在其中？
1865年，就在美国本土发生过的最惨烈战争——美国内战刚结束不久，他就刺杀了美国历史上最具标志性的总统。
这场战争堪称“兄弟阋墙”。
But even Wilkes-Booth didn’t start out life without a mother, even he had some measure of good in him before he turned turncoat. J. Edgar Hoover wasn’t around in those days, or his famed creation, The Federal Bureau of Investigation (The FBI), but if he were, and if it was, then the man sitting uncomfortably in the chair above would have DEFINITELY made its list.
Booth, one of ten children, the ninth of the litter, was born in Maryland to British Shakespearean actor Junius Brutus Booth and his Mistress, Mary Ann Holmes (she came from poverty and sold flowers outside of London theatres), who immigrated to the United States in 1821.
但即便是威尔克斯·布斯，出生时也并非没有母亲，在背叛之前，他身上或许也存有一丝善意。那时J·埃德加·胡佛尚未出世，他创立的著名机构联邦调查局（FBI）也还不存在，但倘若当时他们已然存在，那么上图中神色不安地坐在椅子上的这个人，无疑会被列入其追捕名单。
布斯是十个孩子中的老九，1821年随父母移民美国，出生于马里兰州。他的父亲是英国莎士比亚戏剧演员朱尼厄斯·布鲁特斯·布斯，母亲玛丽·安·霍姆斯曾是父亲的情妇，出身贫寒，早年在伦敦剧院外卖花为生。
Booth was described as a popular and athletic boy that, like so many boys, relied on his charms, and neglected to apply himself where it really counted: with his academics. He was skilled at horsemanship and fencing. While attending the Milton Boarding School, between 1850–1852, Booth and other students learned and recited classical works from men like Cicero, Herodotus, and Tacitus. The boys at the school were all garbed in military uniforms and were subjected to daily regimen drills and strict discipline.
据描述，布斯是个受欢迎且热爱运动的男孩，和许多同龄人一样，他凭借自身魅力受人喜爱，却在真正重要的学业上敷衍了事。他擅长骑马和击剑。1850年至1852年就读于米尔顿寄宿学校期间，布斯和其他学生一起学习并背诵西塞罗、希罗多德、塔西佗等古典作家的作品。该校男生均身着军装，每日需进行常规操练，接受严格纪律约束。
Booth left military school life at the age of fourteen after his father passed away. While attending the Milton Boarding School, an ominous prediction/spoiler was pronounced over him, via palm reader. The fortune teller told Booth: “You will lead a grand but short life, you will die young and meet a bad end.” By the age of sixteen, Booth caught the acting bug and decided to follow in the footsteps of his father and two of his older brothers, Edwin and Junius Jr, and become an actor.
14岁时，父亲去世，布斯离开了寄宿学校的军事化生活。在米尔顿寄宿学校就读期间，一位看手相的人为他做出了一个不祥的预言：“你会拥有辉煌但短暂的一生，英年早逝，结局悲惨。”16岁时，布斯迷上了表演，决定追随父亲以及哥哥埃德温、朱尼厄斯二世的脚步，成为一名演员。
His big break came at the young age of seventeen on April 14, 1855. The late teen played the supporting role in the Earl of Richmond in Richard III at Baltimore’s Charles Street Theatre. After he flubbed some of his lines, the audience jeered him. They might as well have thrown turkeys on stage! Booth continued and eventually got better and better and became a hit with audiences because of his good looks and energetic performances.
1855年4月14日，17岁的布斯迎来了事业的重大突破。这位少年在巴尔的摩查尔斯街剧院上演的《理查三世》中，饰演了里士满伯爵这一配角。起初他念错了几句台词，遭到观众嘲笑，那场面简直堪比被扔火鸡般难堪！但布斯没有放弃，演技逐渐精进，最终凭借俊朗的外形和充满活力的表演深受观众喜爱。
In 1861, when the Civil War broke out, Booth was acting in Albany, NY and voiced support for Southern secession. Booth was a staunch supporter of slavery, and hated the North as well as President Lincoln. Booth’s brothers, like most Marylanders, were politically divided, and could not stand their younger brother’s support of the country being ripped to shreds.
Booth was arrested in 1863, but was eventually released after signing an oath to the unx, and paying a substantial fine, after he said, “I wish Lincoln and the federal government would all go straight to hell!” those remarks were seen as tantamount to treason.
1861年内战爆发时，布斯正在纽约州奥尔巴尼演戏，他公开支持南方各州脱离联邦。布斯是奴隶制的坚定拥护者，痛恨北方各州和林肯总统。和大多数马里兰州人一样，布斯的兄弟们在政治立场上存在分歧，他们无法容忍弟弟支持国家分裂。
1863年，布斯因发表“愿林肯和联邦政府都下地狱去！”的言论被捕——这番话被视为等同于叛国。最终，他通过签署支持联邦的誓言并缴纳巨额罚金获释。
In 1864, Booth formulated a plot to kidnap #16. He saw that the North was winning the war and that Lincoln stood a better than good chance at being re-elected. He aimed to kidnap Lincoln from his summer home at the Old Soldier’s Home, which was three miles from the White House and take him across the Potomac River and into Richmond, Virginia. Once in the hands of the Confederacy, Lincoln would be exchanged for Confederate Army prisoners of war held in northern prisons. This act was supposed to bring an end to the Civil War by forcing unx opposition to the war or the unx’s recognition of the Confederate government.
1864年，布斯策划了绑架美国第16任总统林肯的阴谋。当时他看出北方正赢得战争，林肯连任的可能性极大。他计划从林肯位于老战士之家的避暑别墅（距离白宫三英里）将其绑架，带过波托马克河，押往弗吉尼亚州的里士满。一旦林肯落入南部邦联手中，就用他交换关押在北方监狱里的南部邦联战俘。布斯认为，这一行为能迫使联邦放弃战争或承认南部邦联政府，从而结束内战。
On April 11, 1865, Mr. Thespian Express was outside the White House in the crowd when Lincoln gave an impromptu speech out of his window. Lincoln said that he supported giving suffrage to former slaves; angered by this, Booth said that this speech would be the last one that our $5 dollar bill would ever make. On the morning of April 14, 1865, Booth went to Ford’s theatre to collect his mail. While there he was told by John Ford’s brother that the President, his wife, as well as Ulysses S. Grant and his wife, would be attending the theatre that evening to watch a play. Catching lightning in a bottle, Booth’s scheming genius began to surface, and he began making plans to assassinate the President.
1865年4月11日，林肯在白宫窗口发表即兴演讲时，身为演员的布斯也在宫外的人群中。林肯表示支持给予前奴隶选举权，这让布斯怒不可遏，他扬言这将是印在五美元纸币上的这位总统的最后一次演讲。1865年4月14日上午，布斯前往福特剧院取邮件，期间从剧院老板约翰·福特的兄弟口中得知，总统夫妇以及尤利西斯·S·格兰特夫妇当晚将前往剧院看戏。这一千载难逢的机会让布斯的阴谋天赋浮出水面，他随即开始策划刺杀总统的行动。
Because he was an actor, Booth had free access to all parts of the theatre, which made him above suspicion. It is believed by many that he bored a spyhole into Lincoln’s Presidential Box in order to keep an eye on his comings and goings. After spending a good deal of time at the Saloon during intermission, Booth entered Ford’s theatre one last time at around 10:10 p.m. He slipped into Lincoln’s box just a few minutes later and shot the unsuspecting Pressident in the back of the head with a .44 caliber Deringer pistol. He sliced Major Rathbone with a knife when he tried to apprehend him, and then jumped from the skybox and landed on the stage below.
由于身为演员，布斯可以自由出入剧院的各个区域，这让他不会引起怀疑。许多人认为，他在林肯的总统包厢上钻了一个窥视孔，以便监视总统的行踪。中场休息时，布斯在酒馆逗留了许久，约晚上10点10分再次进入福特剧院。几分钟后，他溜进林肯的包厢，用一把点44口径的德林杰手枪从背后射杀了毫无防备的总统。当拉思伯恩少校试图逮捕他时，布斯用刀将其划伤，随后从包厢跳下，落到了下方的舞台上。
In less than ten seconds, this man had gone from local hero to local villain. He raised his knife in the air and screamed, “Sic semper tyrannis!” the event happened so fast that no one was ready for it. Booth managed to evade the few people that tried to seize him and escaped via stage door that led to an alley where he mounted his getaway horse.
短短十秒内，这个人就从当地英雄沦为了叛徒。他举起匕首高呼：“暴君就该如此下场！”。事发突然，众人猝不及防。布斯成功摆脱了几名试图阻拦他的人，从通往小巷的舞台门逃脱，骑上早已备好的逃亡马匹离去。
Jumping from the Presidential Suite fractured Booth’s leg, so his escape was not at full strength. Booth stopped at the home of Dr. Samuel Mudd, a physician that lived twenty five miles away from Washington, so that he could get his leg looked after. Booth told the good doctor that he fractured his leg after his horse fell. After spending time at the doctor’s home, Booth traveled to the home of Samuel Cox, arriving at 4 a.m. Soon after, Cox contacted his foster brother Thomas A Jones, a Confederate agent in charge of spy operations in the Maryland area.
从总统包厢跳下导致布斯腿部骨折，这让他的逃亡之路步履维艰。他前往华盛顿25英里外的塞缪尔·马德医生家中求医，谎称自己因马匹摔倒导致腿部骨折。在医生家停留一段时间后，布斯于凌晨4点抵达塞缪尔·考克斯家中。不久后，考克斯联系了他的养兄弟托马斯·A·琼斯——一名负责马里兰州地区间谍活动的南部邦联特工。
The War Department put out a $100,000 reward for the capture of Booth. That would be equivalent to about $2,000,000 in 2024, ordered by the Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton. While continuing to hide in the Maryland woods, Booth got wind of the fact that many of his co-conspirators were arrested and jailed, and that there was hardly any sympathy at all for his actions, even from those that had previously disagreed with or didn't like Lincoln in the south.
在美国战争部长埃德温·M·斯坦顿的命令下，战争部悬赏10万美元捉拿布斯，这笔奖金相当于2024年的约200万美元。布斯继续躲藏在马里兰州的树林中，期间得知他的许多同谋已被捕入狱，即便在南方，那些此前不认同或不喜欢林肯的人，也几乎没有人对他的行为表示同情。
On April 26th, 1865, after staying a couple of days at the farm of Richard Garrett, two miles away from Virginia, Booth managed to get in his good graces by pretending to be a soldier that was injured in battle, he was cornered by unx soldiers and shot in the neck and killed in Garrett’s barn that was set on fire. His last words were, “Tell my mother I did it for my country.”
1865年4月26日，布斯在弗吉尼亚州两英里外的理查德·加勒特农场躲藏了几天后，谎称自己是受伤的士兵赢得了加勒特的信任，却最终被联邦士兵包围。士兵们放火焚烧了加勒特的谷仓，布斯在谷仓中颈部中弹身亡。他的临终遗言是：“告诉我的母亲，我是为国家而死。”
Jean-Marie Valheur
lover of history by Roger Atkins, Masters Professional Ed History & Politics, Deakin University (2008)
让-马里·瓦尔厄 历史爱好者 获罗杰·阿特金斯点赞，其拥有迪肯大学历史与政治学专业教育硕士学位（2008年）
A fine example would be the legendary aviator Charles Lindbergh. He heavily lobbied against America fighting in WWII — he was a strong proponent of an “America First” policy and an isolationist Washington, uninvolved in the affairs of the world.
一个典型的例子是传奇飞行员查尔斯·林德伯格。他极力游说美国不要参与二战，是“美国优先”政策的坚定支持者，主张华盛顿奉行孤立主义，不干涉国际事务。
Lindbergh didn’t want to waste money on “wars that couldn’t be won” and, felt that the Germans of Hitler weren’t really the enemy… they had “legitimate concerns” and it wasn’t America’s job to act as world police. Led the Europeans and the Jews just settle their own affairs, he felt. I would say he was definitely on the wrong side of history. And, in his defense, he did change his mind… it took Pearl Harbor, and his own nation being attacked, but he did change course. Many felt — rightfully so — that it was too little, too late.
林德伯格不愿将资金浪费在“无法打赢的战争”上，还认为希特勒领导的德国人并非真正的敌人，他们有着“合理诉求”，而美国没有义务充当世界警察。他觉得欧洲人和犹太人应该自己解决内部事务。我认为他无疑站在了历史的错误一边。不过公平地说，他后来确实改变了想法——珍珠港事件爆发，自己的国家遭到袭击后，他才转变了立场。但许多人认为，这种转变来得太少、太晚，这一观点不无道理。
Charles Lindbergh damaged his legacy tremendously by acting as a “useful idiot” for foreign dictators. Damaged it in ways that nothing he did before, or after, could ever undo. It reminds me a lot of politicians, celebrities and private citizens today who argue against American involvement in NATO or in the aid of embattled Ukraine — like with Lindbergh, it’ll take another Pearl Harbor to wake people up.
查尔斯·林德伯格沦为外国独裁者的“有用的傻瓜”，这严重损害了他的声誉，其造成的破坏是他此前或此后的任何行为都无法挽回的。这让我不禁想到如今那些反对美国参与北约事务、反对援助陷入困境的乌克兰的政客、名人和普通民众——就像当年的林德伯格一样，或许只有再一次珍珠港事件，才能唤醒这些人。
Thomas Canfield
托马斯·坎菲尔德
J. William Fullbright was a distinguished Senator from Arkansas. He was the longest serving head of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He established the Fullbright grants for education. He was one of the leading Senators to oppose American involvement in Vietnam, and he stood up to pressure from Lyndon Johnson’s administration. Unfortunately, Fullbright was against civil rights. In 1950, he proposed a bill saying that servicemen should be given a choice of serving in an integrated army. He signed Strom Thumond’s Southern Manifesto opposing the integration decision in the case of Brown versus the Board of Education. In 1964, he joined other Southern Senators in opposing the Civil Rights Act. In 1965, he opposed the Voting Rights Act. However, by 1970 he voted for an extension of the Voting Rights Act. Some of his friends said that Fullbright was not personally racist, but that he was expected to support segregation like other Southern politicians. President Bill Clinton later said that he enjoyed arguing with Fullbright because he was well-educated and not mean in his arguments. Clinton presented Fullbright with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1995. Fullbright passed away in 1995 at the age of 88.
J·威廉·富布赖特是阿肯色州的著名参议员，曾担任参议院外交关系委员会主席，任职时间创下纪录。他创立了富布赖特教育奖学金项目，也是反对美国卷入越南战争的主要参议员之一，曾顶住林登·约翰逊政府的压力坚持立场。但遗憾的是，富布赖特反对民权运动。1950年，他提出一项法案，主张军人有权选择是否在种族融合的军队中服役；他还签署了斯特罗姆·瑟蒙德发起的《南方宣言》，反对“布朗诉教育委员会案”中关于种族融合的判决；1964年，他与其他南方参议员一同反对《民权法案》；1965年，他又反对《选举权法案》。不过到了1970年，他投票支持延长《选举权法案》的有效期。他的一些朋友表示，富布赖特个人并非种族主义者，但作为南方政客，他被期望支持种族隔离政策。比尔·克林顿总统后来回忆，他很喜欢与富布赖特争论，因为富布赖特学识渊博，争论时也不失风度。1995年，克林顿授予富布赖特总统自由勋章，同年，富布赖特去世，享年88岁。
Perry Sams
Bachelors in Journalism, Arizona State University (Graduated 1980)
佩里·桑姆斯 亚利桑那州立大学新闻学学士（1980年毕业）
Here's just a few, who stand out strongly as “historically wrong.”
Charles Lindbergh. National hero as an aviation pioneer, his views took an isolationist swerve when the Nazis were on the march.
General George Armstrong Custer. There's a fine book out called”Custer Died for your sins “ in retrospect, Yes.
以下是几位明显“站在历史错误一边”的人物。
查尔斯·林德伯格。作为航空先驱，他是国家英雄，但在纳粹步步紧逼之际，他的观点却转向了孤立主义。
乔治·阿姆斯特朗·卡斯特将军。有一本好书名为《卡斯特为你的罪孽而死》，回想起来，确实如此。
Herbert Hoover. In an era when profits and free trade were beyond reproach, this Republican believed that Black Friday was a freak event and “ business will solve America's problems. “. Millions of unemployed and poor Americans disagreed and the economic downswing continued for 10 years. A Democrat won the Presidency the next five campaigns, 1932 to 1948.
赫伯特·胡佛。在那个利润和自由贸易被奉为圭臬的时代，这位共和党人认为“黑色星期五”只是一次反常事件，坚信“商业会解决美国的所有问题”。但数百万失业和贫困的美国人并不认同，经济衰退持续了十年之久。1932年至1948年的五次总统大选中，民主党人连续胜出。
And last, the A and R talent scouts of Decca Records. Decca turned down the Beatles right before Vee Jay and other record companies signed them. The given reason: “Boy bands are on the way out” ( and that trend is fading), which turned out to be the exact opposite of what occured for at least two decades.
最后是迪卡唱片公司的艺人发掘部门。就在维杰唱片等公司与披头士乐队签约前夕，迪卡唱片拒绝了他们，给出的理由是“男子组合即将过时”（且这一趋势正在消退）。但事实恰恰相反，此后至少二十年间，男子组合风潮热度不减。
哪些历史人物站在了历史的错误一边？
Dennis Watson
Lived in Detroit, MI (1985–2005)
Upvoted by Roger Atkins, Masters Professional Ed History & Politics, Deakin University (2008)
丹尼斯·沃森
曾居住于密歇根州底特律市（1985-2005年）
获罗杰·阿特金斯点赞，其拥有迪肯大学历史与政治学专业教育硕士学位（2008年）
A man considered a hometown hero in Detroit — none other than Henry Ford.
在底特律，有一位被视为家乡英雄的人物——他不是别人，正是亨利·福特。
There are roads, buildings, and schools named after him in my hometown of Detroit. Yet, few people know about Henry Ford’s legacy of antisemitism or that he opposed war with Germany during WWII.
Henry Ford held the dubious honor of being the only American mentioned by name in Hitler’s Mein Kampf.
在我的家乡底特律，有多条道路、多座建筑和学校以他的名字命名。然而，很少有人知道亨利·福特的反犹主义行径，也鲜少有人知晓他在二战期间反对与德国开战。
亨利·福特拥有一项不太光彩的“荣誉”：他是希特勒《我的奋斗》一书中唯一被点名提及的美国人。
The origins of Ford’s antisemitism are unclear, but at some point we do know that he got his hands on a copy of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, a fabricated text that purported to outline a plot for Jewish world domination. The only problem is that Ford took stock in the text and believed it to be real.
In the 1920’s, Ford began publishing The International Jew: The World’s Problem. Additionally, Ford bought the struggling Dearborn Independent. Through both publications, Ford spread his virulent antisemitism to the masses, using his network of dealerships to distribute his publications.
福特反犹主义思想的起源尚不清楚，但我们确切知道，他曾得到过一本《锡安长老议定书》。这是一份伪造的文件，谎称其中概述了犹太人掌控世界的阴谋。而问题在于，福特对这份文件深信不疑，认为其内容真实可信。20世纪20年代，福特开始出版《国际犹太人：世界的问题》一书。此外，他还收购了当时举步维艰的《迪尔伯恩独立报》。通过这两种出版物，福特向大众传播其恶毒的反犹主义思想，还利用自己的经销商网络分发这些刊物。
Henry Ford was likely a genius and had insanely good business acumen. For that he is remembered. The fact that he was an antisemitic dickhead is usually left out of most historical accounts.
(Henry Ford receiving Nazi Germany’s Grand Cross of the German Eagle — the highest distinction that could be awarded to a foreigner. Image Source: The History Channel.)
亨利·福特或许是个天才，也拥有极其出色的商业头脑，人们也正因这一点记住了他。但大多数历史记载往往忽略了一个事实：他是个持有反犹主义思想的混蛋。
（亨利·福特曾获纳粹德国颁发的“德国鹰大十字勋章”——这是当时纳粹德国授予外国人的最高荣誉。
Christian Fann
Learn from your history or repeat it.
upxed 1y
克里斯蒂安·范恩 以史为鉴，否则重蹈覆辙。
We say these names when we want to call someone a traitor: Judas, Pontius Pilate, Benedict Arnold, and Robert E. Lee. But where oh where is John-Wilkes Booth?
He only killed the most iconic President in American history in 1865, right after the worst war that has ever taken place on our shores — The American Civil War.
Brother against Brother.
当我们想称某人为叛徒时，会提到这些名字：犹大、本丢·彼拉多、贝内迪克特·阿诺德和罗伯特·E·李。但约翰·威尔克斯·布斯呢？他的名字为何不在其中？
1865年，就在美国本土发生过的最惨烈战争——美国内战刚结束不久，他就刺杀了美国历史上最具标志性的总统。
这场战争堪称“兄弟阋墙”。
But even Wilkes-Booth didn’t start out life without a mother, even he had some measure of good in him before he turned turncoat. J. Edgar Hoover wasn’t around in those days, or his famed creation, The Federal Bureau of Investigation (The FBI), but if he were, and if it was, then the man sitting uncomfortably in the chair above would have DEFINITELY made its list.
Booth, one of ten children, the ninth of the litter, was born in Maryland to British Shakespearean actor Junius Brutus Booth and his Mistress, Mary Ann Holmes (she came from poverty and sold flowers outside of London theatres), who immigrated to the United States in 1821.
但即便是威尔克斯·布斯，出生时也并非没有母亲，在背叛之前，他身上或许也存有一丝善意。那时J·埃德加·胡佛尚未出世，他创立的著名机构联邦调查局（FBI）也还不存在，但倘若当时他们已然存在，那么上图中神色不安地坐在椅子上的这个人，无疑会被列入其追捕名单。
布斯是十个孩子中的老九，1821年随父母移民美国，出生于马里兰州。他的父亲是英国莎士比亚戏剧演员朱尼厄斯·布鲁特斯·布斯，母亲玛丽·安·霍姆斯曾是父亲的情妇，出身贫寒，早年在伦敦剧院外卖花为生。
Booth was described as a popular and athletic boy that, like so many boys, relied on his charms, and neglected to apply himself where it really counted: with his academics. He was skilled at horsemanship and fencing. While attending the Milton Boarding School, between 1850–1852, Booth and other students learned and recited classical works from men like Cicero, Herodotus, and Tacitus. The boys at the school were all garbed in military uniforms and were subjected to daily regimen drills and strict discipline.
据描述，布斯是个受欢迎且热爱运动的男孩，和许多同龄人一样，他凭借自身魅力受人喜爱，却在真正重要的学业上敷衍了事。他擅长骑马和击剑。1850年至1852年就读于米尔顿寄宿学校期间，布斯和其他学生一起学习并背诵西塞罗、希罗多德、塔西佗等古典作家的作品。该校男生均身着军装，每日需进行常规操练，接受严格纪律约束。
Booth left military school life at the age of fourteen after his father passed away. While attending the Milton Boarding School, an ominous prediction/spoiler was pronounced over him, via palm reader. The fortune teller told Booth: “You will lead a grand but short life, you will die young and meet a bad end.” By the age of sixteen, Booth caught the acting bug and decided to follow in the footsteps of his father and two of his older brothers, Edwin and Junius Jr, and become an actor.
14岁时，父亲去世，布斯离开了寄宿学校的军事化生活。在米尔顿寄宿学校就读期间，一位看手相的人为他做出了一个不祥的预言：“你会拥有辉煌但短暂的一生，英年早逝，结局悲惨。”16岁时，布斯迷上了表演，决定追随父亲以及哥哥埃德温、朱尼厄斯二世的脚步，成为一名演员。
His big break came at the young age of seventeen on April 14, 1855. The late teen played the supporting role in the Earl of Richmond in Richard III at Baltimore’s Charles Street Theatre. After he flubbed some of his lines, the audience jeered him. They might as well have thrown turkeys on stage! Booth continued and eventually got better and better and became a hit with audiences because of his good looks and energetic performances.
1855年4月14日，17岁的布斯迎来了事业的重大突破。这位少年在巴尔的摩查尔斯街剧院上演的《理查三世》中，饰演了里士满伯爵这一配角。起初他念错了几句台词，遭到观众嘲笑，那场面简直堪比被扔火鸡般难堪！但布斯没有放弃，演技逐渐精进，最终凭借俊朗的外形和充满活力的表演深受观众喜爱。
In 1861, when the Civil War broke out, Booth was acting in Albany, NY and voiced support for Southern secession. Booth was a staunch supporter of slavery, and hated the North as well as President Lincoln. Booth’s brothers, like most Marylanders, were politically divided, and could not stand their younger brother’s support of the country being ripped to shreds.
Booth was arrested in 1863, but was eventually released after signing an oath to the unx, and paying a substantial fine, after he said, “I wish Lincoln and the federal government would all go straight to hell!” those remarks were seen as tantamount to treason.
1861年内战爆发时，布斯正在纽约州奥尔巴尼演戏，他公开支持南方各州脱离联邦。布斯是奴隶制的坚定拥护者，痛恨北方各州和林肯总统。和大多数马里兰州人一样，布斯的兄弟们在政治立场上存在分歧，他们无法容忍弟弟支持国家分裂。
1863年，布斯因发表“愿林肯和联邦政府都下地狱去！”的言论被捕——这番话被视为等同于叛国。最终，他通过签署支持联邦的誓言并缴纳巨额罚金获释。
In 1864, Booth formulated a plot to kidnap #16. He saw that the North was winning the war and that Lincoln stood a better than good chance at being re-elected. He aimed to kidnap Lincoln from his summer home at the Old Soldier’s Home, which was three miles from the White House and take him across the Potomac River and into Richmond, Virginia. Once in the hands of the Confederacy, Lincoln would be exchanged for Confederate Army prisoners of war held in northern prisons. This act was supposed to bring an end to the Civil War by forcing unx opposition to the war or the unx’s recognition of the Confederate government.
1864年，布斯策划了绑架美国第16任总统林肯的阴谋。当时他看出北方正赢得战争，林肯连任的可能性极大。他计划从林肯位于老战士之家的避暑别墅（距离白宫三英里）将其绑架，带过波托马克河，押往弗吉尼亚州的里士满。一旦林肯落入南部邦联手中，就用他交换关押在北方监狱里的南部邦联战俘。布斯认为，这一行为能迫使联邦放弃战争或承认南部邦联政府，从而结束内战。
On April 11, 1865, Mr. Thespian Express was outside the White House in the crowd when Lincoln gave an impromptu speech out of his window. Lincoln said that he supported giving suffrage to former slaves; angered by this, Booth said that this speech would be the last one that our $5 dollar bill would ever make. On the morning of April 14, 1865, Booth went to Ford’s theatre to collect his mail. While there he was told by John Ford’s brother that the President, his wife, as well as Ulysses S. Grant and his wife, would be attending the theatre that evening to watch a play. Catching lightning in a bottle, Booth’s scheming genius began to surface, and he began making plans to assassinate the President.
1865年4月11日，林肯在白宫窗口发表即兴演讲时，身为演员的布斯也在宫外的人群中。林肯表示支持给予前奴隶选举权，这让布斯怒不可遏，他扬言这将是印在五美元纸币上的这位总统的最后一次演讲。1865年4月14日上午，布斯前往福特剧院取邮件，期间从剧院老板约翰·福特的兄弟口中得知，总统夫妇以及尤利西斯·S·格兰特夫妇当晚将前往剧院看戏。这一千载难逢的机会让布斯的阴谋天赋浮出水面，他随即开始策划刺杀总统的行动。
Because he was an actor, Booth had free access to all parts of the theatre, which made him above suspicion. It is believed by many that he bored a spyhole into Lincoln’s Presidential Box in order to keep an eye on his comings and goings. After spending a good deal of time at the Saloon during intermission, Booth entered Ford’s theatre one last time at around 10:10 p.m. He slipped into Lincoln’s box just a few minutes later and shot the unsuspecting Pressident in the back of the head with a .44 caliber Deringer pistol. He sliced Major Rathbone with a knife when he tried to apprehend him, and then jumped from the skybox and landed on the stage below.
由于身为演员，布斯可以自由出入剧院的各个区域，这让他不会引起怀疑。许多人认为，他在林肯的总统包厢上钻了一个窥视孔，以便监视总统的行踪。中场休息时，布斯在酒馆逗留了许久，约晚上10点10分再次进入福特剧院。几分钟后，他溜进林肯的包厢，用一把点44口径的德林杰手枪从背后射杀了毫无防备的总统。当拉思伯恩少校试图逮捕他时，布斯用刀将其划伤，随后从包厢跳下，落到了下方的舞台上。
In less than ten seconds, this man had gone from local hero to local villain. He raised his knife in the air and screamed, “Sic semper tyrannis!” the event happened so fast that no one was ready for it. Booth managed to evade the few people that tried to seize him and escaped via stage door that led to an alley where he mounted his getaway horse.
短短十秒内，这个人就从当地英雄沦为了叛徒。他举起匕首高呼：“暴君就该如此下场！”。事发突然，众人猝不及防。布斯成功摆脱了几名试图阻拦他的人，从通往小巷的舞台门逃脱，骑上早已备好的逃亡马匹离去。
Jumping from the Presidential Suite fractured Booth’s leg, so his escape was not at full strength. Booth stopped at the home of Dr. Samuel Mudd, a physician that lived twenty five miles away from Washington, so that he could get his leg looked after. Booth told the good doctor that he fractured his leg after his horse fell. After spending time at the doctor’s home, Booth traveled to the home of Samuel Cox, arriving at 4 a.m. Soon after, Cox contacted his foster brother Thomas A Jones, a Confederate agent in charge of spy operations in the Maryland area.
从总统包厢跳下导致布斯腿部骨折，这让他的逃亡之路步履维艰。他前往华盛顿25英里外的塞缪尔·马德医生家中求医，谎称自己因马匹摔倒导致腿部骨折。在医生家停留一段时间后，布斯于凌晨4点抵达塞缪尔·考克斯家中。不久后，考克斯联系了他的养兄弟托马斯·A·琼斯——一名负责马里兰州地区间谍活动的南部邦联特工。
The War Department put out a $100,000 reward for the capture of Booth. That would be equivalent to about $2,000,000 in 2024, ordered by the Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton. While continuing to hide in the Maryland woods, Booth got wind of the fact that many of his co-conspirators were arrested and jailed, and that there was hardly any sympathy at all for his actions, even from those that had previously disagreed with or didn't like Lincoln in the south.
在美国战争部长埃德温·M·斯坦顿的命令下，战争部悬赏10万美元捉拿布斯，这笔奖金相当于2024年的约200万美元。布斯继续躲藏在马里兰州的树林中，期间得知他的许多同谋已被捕入狱，即便在南方，那些此前不认同或不喜欢林肯的人，也几乎没有人对他的行为表示同情。
On April 26th, 1865, after staying a couple of days at the farm of Richard Garrett, two miles away from Virginia, Booth managed to get in his good graces by pretending to be a soldier that was injured in battle, he was cornered by unx soldiers and shot in the neck and killed in Garrett’s barn that was set on fire. His last words were, “Tell my mother I did it for my country.”
1865年4月26日，布斯在弗吉尼亚州两英里外的理查德·加勒特农场躲藏了几天后，谎称自己是受伤的士兵赢得了加勒特的信任，却最终被联邦士兵包围。士兵们放火焚烧了加勒特的谷仓，布斯在谷仓中颈部中弹身亡。他的临终遗言是：“告诉我的母亲，我是为国家而死。”
Jean-Marie Valheur
lover of history by Roger Atkins, Masters Professional Ed History & Politics, Deakin University (2008)
让-马里·瓦尔厄 历史爱好者 获罗杰·阿特金斯点赞，其拥有迪肯大学历史与政治学专业教育硕士学位（2008年）
A fine example would be the legendary aviator Charles Lindbergh. He heavily lobbied against America fighting in WWII — he was a strong proponent of an “America First” policy and an isolationist Washington, uninvolved in the affairs of the world.
一个典型的例子是传奇飞行员查尔斯·林德伯格。他极力游说美国不要参与二战，是“美国优先”政策的坚定支持者，主张华盛顿奉行孤立主义，不干涉国际事务。
Lindbergh didn’t want to waste money on “wars that couldn’t be won” and, felt that the Germans of Hitler weren’t really the enemy… they had “legitimate concerns” and it wasn’t America’s job to act as world police. Led the Europeans and the Jews just settle their own affairs, he felt. I would say he was definitely on the wrong side of history. And, in his defense, he did change his mind… it took Pearl Harbor, and his own nation being attacked, but he did change course. Many felt — rightfully so — that it was too little, too late.
林德伯格不愿将资金浪费在“无法打赢的战争”上，还认为希特勒领导的德国人并非真正的敌人，他们有着“合理诉求”，而美国没有义务充当世界警察。他觉得欧洲人和犹太人应该自己解决内部事务。我认为他无疑站在了历史的错误一边。不过公平地说，他后来确实改变了想法——珍珠港事件爆发，自己的国家遭到袭击后，他才转变了立场。但许多人认为，这种转变来得太少、太晚，这一观点不无道理。
Charles Lindbergh damaged his legacy tremendously by acting as a “useful idiot” for foreign dictators. Damaged it in ways that nothing he did before, or after, could ever undo. It reminds me a lot of politicians, celebrities and private citizens today who argue against American involvement in NATO or in the aid of embattled Ukraine — like with Lindbergh, it’ll take another Pearl Harbor to wake people up.
查尔斯·林德伯格沦为外国独裁者的“有用的傻瓜”，这严重损害了他的声誉，其造成的破坏是他此前或此后的任何行为都无法挽回的。这让我不禁想到如今那些反对美国参与北约事务、反对援助陷入困境的乌克兰的政客、名人和普通民众——就像当年的林德伯格一样，或许只有再一次珍珠港事件，才能唤醒这些人。
Thomas Canfield
托马斯·坎菲尔德
J. William Fullbright was a distinguished Senator from Arkansas. He was the longest serving head of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He established the Fullbright grants for education. He was one of the leading Senators to oppose American involvement in Vietnam, and he stood up to pressure from Lyndon Johnson’s administration. Unfortunately, Fullbright was against civil rights. In 1950, he proposed a bill saying that servicemen should be given a choice of serving in an integrated army. He signed Strom Thumond’s Southern Manifesto opposing the integration decision in the case of Brown versus the Board of Education. In 1964, he joined other Southern Senators in opposing the Civil Rights Act. In 1965, he opposed the Voting Rights Act. However, by 1970 he voted for an extension of the Voting Rights Act. Some of his friends said that Fullbright was not personally racist, but that he was expected to support segregation like other Southern politicians. President Bill Clinton later said that he enjoyed arguing with Fullbright because he was well-educated and not mean in his arguments. Clinton presented Fullbright with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1995. Fullbright passed away in 1995 at the age of 88.
J·威廉·富布赖特是阿肯色州的著名参议员，曾担任参议院外交关系委员会主席，任职时间创下纪录。他创立了富布赖特教育奖学金项目，也是反对美国卷入越南战争的主要参议员之一，曾顶住林登·约翰逊政府的压力坚持立场。但遗憾的是，富布赖特反对民权运动。1950年，他提出一项法案，主张军人有权选择是否在种族融合的军队中服役；他还签署了斯特罗姆·瑟蒙德发起的《南方宣言》，反对“布朗诉教育委员会案”中关于种族融合的判决；1964年，他与其他南方参议员一同反对《民权法案》；1965年，他又反对《选举权法案》。不过到了1970年，他投票支持延长《选举权法案》的有效期。他的一些朋友表示，富布赖特个人并非种族主义者，但作为南方政客，他被期望支持种族隔离政策。比尔·克林顿总统后来回忆，他很喜欢与富布赖特争论，因为富布赖特学识渊博，争论时也不失风度。1995年，克林顿授予富布赖特总统自由勋章，同年，富布赖特去世，享年88岁。
Perry Sams
Bachelors in Journalism, Arizona State University (Graduated 1980)
佩里·桑姆斯 亚利桑那州立大学新闻学学士（1980年毕业）
Here's just a few, who stand out strongly as “historically wrong.”
Charles Lindbergh. National hero as an aviation pioneer, his views took an isolationist swerve when the Nazis were on the march.
General George Armstrong Custer. There's a fine book out called”Custer Died for your sins “ in retrospect, Yes.
以下是几位明显“站在历史错误一边”的人物。
查尔斯·林德伯格。作为航空先驱，他是国家英雄，但在纳粹步步紧逼之际，他的观点却转向了孤立主义。
乔治·阿姆斯特朗·卡斯特将军。有一本好书名为《卡斯特为你的罪孽而死》，回想起来，确实如此。
Herbert Hoover. In an era when profits and free trade were beyond reproach, this Republican believed that Black Friday was a freak event and “ business will solve America's problems. “. Millions of unemployed and poor Americans disagreed and the economic downswing continued for 10 years. A Democrat won the Presidency the next five campaigns, 1932 to 1948.
赫伯特·胡佛。在那个利润和自由贸易被奉为圭臬的时代，这位共和党人认为“黑色星期五”只是一次反常事件，坚信“商业会解决美国的所有问题”。但数百万失业和贫困的美国人并不认同，经济衰退持续了十年之久。1932年至1948年的五次总统大选中，民主党人连续胜出。
And last, the A and R talent scouts of Decca Records. Decca turned down the Beatles right before Vee Jay and other record companies signed them. The given reason: “Boy bands are on the way out” ( and that trend is fading), which turned out to be the exact opposite of what occured for at least two decades.
最后是迪卡唱片公司的艺人发掘部门。就在维杰唱片等公司与披头士乐队签约前夕，迪卡唱片拒绝了他们，给出的理由是“男子组合即将过时”（且这一趋势正在消退）。但事实恰恰相反，此后至少二十年间，男子组合风潮热度不减。
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