为推动英国经济增长，酒吧将营业至凌晨
正文翻译
Pubs to stay open until early hours in push for UK growth
-Plans for England and Wales would help the ailing hospitality sector but have attracted criticism from health experts
为推动英国经济增长，酒吧将营业至凌晨
——针对英格兰和威尔士的计划将有助于境况不佳的酒店业，但也招致了健康专家的批评
(The move would be a ‘huge boost to the nation’s pubs, bars, restaurants and hotels’.)
（此举将“极大地促进英国的酒馆、酒吧、餐馆和酒店的发展”。）
新闻：
Pubs, clubs and restaurants will be able to open into the early hours as part of Labour’s drive for economic growth, a move which critics say will lead to more drunken disorder.
作为工党推动经济增长的一部分，酒吧、俱乐部和餐馆将可以营业到凌晨，批评者称此举将导致更多的醉酒骚乱。
Ministers are pushing ahead with plans to allow premises that sell alcohol to extend their opening hours in order to boost “the British night out” and help the hospitality sector.
大臣们正在推进一项计划，允许卖酒的场所延长营业时间，以促进“英国人的夜生活”，并帮助酒店业。
Keir Starmer is preparing to throw his weight behind the plan, which has been drawn up by leaders of the alcohol and hospitality industries and rubber-stamped by the Treasury.
基尔·斯塔默正准备对该计划表示支持，该计划是由酒类和酒店业的领导者们起草的，并得到了财政部的批准。
However, critics are warning that the planned liberalisation of the alcohol licensing regime in England and Wales will erode local councils’ right to decide on opening hours, hand the drink industry unprecedented power and limit the ability of people affected by late night openings to obxt.
然而，批评人士警告称，英格兰和威尔士计划中的酒类许可制度自由化，将削弱地方议会决定营业时间的权利，赋予饮酒业前所未有的权力，并限制受深夜营业影响的人们反对的能力。
The plans amount to “a charter for chaos” that will lead to more drink-related aggression, greater violence against women and even more deaths from alcohol, health experts claim. They would “allow an open all hours free-for-all in the availability of alcohol”, said Dr Katherine Severi, the chief executive of the Institute of Alcohol Studies thinktank.
健康专家称，该计划相当于“混乱宪章”，将导致更多与饮酒有关的侵犯行为，更多针对女性的暴力行为，甚至更多因饮酒而死亡的人。英国酒精研究所首席执行官凯瑟琳·塞维里博士说，他们会“允许全天候自由放任提供酒精饮料”。
But Kate Nicholls, the chief executive of UK Hospitality, said that “a new and improved licensing system that is fit for the 21st century will be a huge boost to the nation’s pubs, bars, restaurants and hotels”.
但英国酒店业协会首席执行官凯特·尼科尔斯表示：“一个新的、经过改进的、适合21世纪的许可制度，将极大地推动英国的酒馆、酒吧、餐馆和酒店的发展。”
Nick Mackenzie, the chief executive of Greene King, agreed, adding that existing licensing regulations “provide a clear example of how well-intentioned legislation can inhibit economic growth, with excessive restrictions often limiting premises’ ability to respond to changing circumstances and customer demand”.
Greene King首席执行官尼克·麦肯齐对此表示赞同，并补充称，现有的牌照规定“提供了一个明确的例子，表明善意的立法可能会抑制经济增长，过度的限制往往会限制营业场所对不断变化的环境和客户需求做出反应的能力”。
Local authorities and police and crime commissioners fear that extended late night opening will lead to more noise, nuisance and antisocial behaviour blighting the lives of residents who live near licensed premises.
地方当局、警察和犯罪事务专员担心，延长深夜营业时间将导致更多的噪音、滋扰和反社会行为，破坏住在有营业执照的场所附近的居民的生活。
“These proposed reforms, developed without adequate input from policing, ambulance services, local licensing authorities, health experts or citizens are a charter for chaos,” said Dr Richard Piper, the chief executive of the charity Alcohol Change UK.
慈善机构“改变英国酒精”的首席执行官理查德·派珀博士说：“这些在没有得到警务、救护车服务、地方许可机构、卫生专家或公民充分投入的情况下制定的拟议中的改革，是一种混乱的特许状。
“One of the biggest things that people across the country are desperate to see is safer streets with less antisocial behaviour. Yet these proposals – little more than an alcohol industry wish-list – would deliver the opposite.”
“全国人民迫切希望看到的最重要的事情之一是更安全的街道，减少反社会行为。然而，这些提议——只不过是酒类行业的愿望清单——将起到相反的作用。”
“Allowing petrol stations, off-licences and corner shops to sell alcohol even later into the evening, or the early hours, will inevitably mean more victims of crime, including domestic violence, more antisocial behaviour and disturbance, more police time spent dealing with drink-fuelled incidents and both ambulance and A&E staff having to deal with even more people who have come to harm as a result of alcohol,” he added.
他补充说：“允许加油站、无执照商店和街角商店甚至在深夜或凌晨出售酒精饮料，将不可避免地意味着更多的犯罪受害者，包括家庭暴力，更多的反社会行为和骚乱，更多的处理酒后事件的警察精力，救护车和急诊室的工作人员不得不处理更多因酒精而受伤的人。”
The plans centre on major reforms of the Licensing Act 2003, under which local councils grant licences to 224,000 pubs, clubs, restaurants and supermarkets to sell alcohol within set hours. Council licensing committees of elected councillors base their decisions on four “licensing obxtives”: the prevention of crime and disorder, public safety, prevention of public nuisance and protecting children from harm.
这些计划的核心是对2003年《许可证法案》进行重大改革，根据该法案，地方议会向22.4万家酒吧、俱乐部、餐馆和超市发放了在规定时间内销售酒类的许可证。由民选议员组成的市政局发证委员会根据四个“发牌目标”——防止犯罪和骚乱、公共安全、防止公众滋扰和保护儿童免受伤害——作出发证决定。
But the government-appointed taskforce behind the plan has suggested the creation of a new fifth obxtive – promoting economic growth – which councils would have to take into account when deciding on applications for new premises or longer opening hours. That has sparked claims that the government has become too close to the alcohol industry.
但政府任命的计划背后的工作组建议，设立新的第五个目标——促进经济增长。地方议会在决定是否申请新场所或延长营业时间时，必须考虑到这一点。这引发了人们对政府与酒类行业走得太近的指责。
“Adding a new obxtive focused on economic growth is completely ludicrous and undermines the purpose of licensing”, said Prof Sir Ian Gilmore, the chair of the Alcohol Health Alliance.
“酒精健康联盟”主席伊恩·吉尔摩教授表示：“增加一个专注于经济增长的新目标完全是荒谬的，它破坏了发放许可证的目的。
“Licensing exists to protect people, not business profits. To push this through while alcohol deaths are at record highs raises serious questions about who this government is really working for.”
“许可的存在是为了保护人民，而不是商业利润。在酒精致死人数创历史新高的情况下推动这项法案，引发了一个严重的问题：政府到底在为谁工作？”
The taskforce was co-chaired by Mackenzie and Gareth Thomas, at the time a business and trade minister. It also included representatives of UK Hospitality, the Night Time Industries Association and live music industry as well as from the National Police Chiefs Council and greater London Authority. Sadiq Khan, the London mayor, has been granted powers to overrule licensing decisions by the capital’s 32 local councils if he judges that that will boost the city’s night time economy and appeal to tourists.
该工作组由麦肯齐和时任商业和贸易大臣的加雷斯·托马斯共同担任主席。还包括英国酒店业、夜间行业协会和现场音乐行业的代表，以及国家警察局长委员会和大伦敦当局的代表。伦敦市长萨迪克·汗已被授予权力，如果他认为这将提振伦敦的夜间经济并吸引游客，他可以否决伦敦32个地方议会的许可决定。
When the proposals were first floated earlier this year the government said that it was “calling ‘last orders’ on red tape choking pubs, clubs and restaurants in [a] major boost to the British night out”.
今年早些时候，当这些提议首次被提出时，英国政府表示，这是在“对令酒吧、俱乐部和餐馆窒息的繁文缛节下达‘最后命令’，以大力推动英国人的夜生活”。
Severi warned ministers that the push to help the hospitality sector could backfire as off-licences, corner shops and supermarkets, which already sell 75% of all alcohol, would also take advantage of easier access to longer opening hours.
塞维里警告大臣们，帮助酒店业的努力可能会适得其反，因为无执照商店、街角商店和超市也会利用更容易获得的更长的营业时间，这些商店和超市已经销售了75%的酒类。
“Using licensing to deregulate alcohol sales in the name of business growth is misguided and irresponsible”, she added.
她补充说：“以商业增长的名义，利用许可证来放松对酒类销售的管制是错误和不负责任的。”
“While the government may be wary of introducing public health measures that could be seen as unpopular with Reform UK voters or criticised as ‘nanny state’ policies, polling shows strong support among Reform voters for government action to protect and promote health, particularly when it helps reduce preventable disease and ease pressure on the NHS,” she added.
她补充说：“虽然政府可能会对引入可能会被英国改革党选民视为不受欢迎，或者被批评为‘保姆国家’政策的公共卫生措施持谨慎态度，但民意调查显示，改革党选民强烈支持政府保护和促进健康的行动，特别是当它有助于减少可预防的疾病和缓解国家医疗体系的压力时。”
The plan will also restrict local councils’ long-held freedom to control licensing in their area by creating a new “national licensing policy frxwork” which would enhance the role of unelected licensing officers and diminish the power of elected representatives.
该计划还将通过创建一个新的“国家许可政策框架”来限制地方议会长期以来控制本地区许可的自由，该框架将加强非选举产生的许可官员的作用，并削弱选举产生的代表的权力。
“These reforms would hollow out the power of local licensing authorities, giving decisive influence to unelected officials and unaccountable bodies”, said James Nicholls, an expert in alcohol policy at Stirling University. They will also make it harder for residents to obxt to applications from operators to open new premises or extend opening hours, he added.
斯特灵大学酒精政策专家詹姆斯·尼科尔斯表示：“这些改革将掏空地方许可当局的权力，给非选举产生的官员和不负责任的机构以决定性影响力。”他补充说，这些规定也将使居民更难反对经营者开设新场所或延长营业时间的申请。
His colleague Prof Niamh Fitzgerald said: “These proposals are completely contrary to any intention to deliver safer streets or reduce violence against women. The Home Office’s own analysis has found that alcohol is a factor in half of all intimate partner murders.”
他的同事尼娅·菲茨杰拉德教授说：“这些提议完全违背了提供更安全的街道或减少针对妇女的暴力的任何意图。内政部自己的分析发现，在所有亲密伴侣谋杀案中，有一半是酒精导致的。”
A government spokesperson said: “We are looking to rebalance the licensing system, to one which both protects local communities and gives businesses the flexibility they need to invest and adapt to changing consumer trends.
一位政府发言人表示：“我们正在寻求重新平衡许可制度，以实现既保护当地社区，又给企业提供投资和适应不断变化的消费趋势所需的灵活性。”
-Plans for England and Wales would help the ailing hospitality sector but have attracted criticism from health experts
为推动英国经济增长，酒吧将营业至凌晨
——针对英格兰和威尔士的计划将有助于境况不佳的酒店业，但也招致了健康专家的批评
(The move would be a ‘huge boost to the nation’s pubs, bars, restaurants and hotels’.)
（此举将“极大地促进英国的酒馆、酒吧、餐馆和酒店的发展”。）
新闻：
Pubs, clubs and restaurants will be able to open into the early hours as part of Labour’s drive for economic growth, a move which critics say will lead to more drunken disorder.
作为工党推动经济增长的一部分，酒吧、俱乐部和餐馆将可以营业到凌晨，批评者称此举将导致更多的醉酒骚乱。
Ministers are pushing ahead with plans to allow premises that sell alcohol to extend their opening hours in order to boost “the British night out” and help the hospitality sector.
大臣们正在推进一项计划，允许卖酒的场所延长营业时间，以促进“英国人的夜生活”，并帮助酒店业。
Keir Starmer is preparing to throw his weight behind the plan, which has been drawn up by leaders of the alcohol and hospitality industries and rubber-stamped by the Treasury.
基尔·斯塔默正准备对该计划表示支持，该计划是由酒类和酒店业的领导者们起草的，并得到了财政部的批准。
However, critics are warning that the planned liberalisation of the alcohol licensing regime in England and Wales will erode local councils’ right to decide on opening hours, hand the drink industry unprecedented power and limit the ability of people affected by late night openings to obxt.
然而，批评人士警告称，英格兰和威尔士计划中的酒类许可制度自由化，将削弱地方议会决定营业时间的权利，赋予饮酒业前所未有的权力，并限制受深夜营业影响的人们反对的能力。
The plans amount to “a charter for chaos” that will lead to more drink-related aggression, greater violence against women and even more deaths from alcohol, health experts claim. They would “allow an open all hours free-for-all in the availability of alcohol”, said Dr Katherine Severi, the chief executive of the Institute of Alcohol Studies thinktank.
健康专家称，该计划相当于“混乱宪章”，将导致更多与饮酒有关的侵犯行为，更多针对女性的暴力行为，甚至更多因饮酒而死亡的人。英国酒精研究所首席执行官凯瑟琳·塞维里博士说，他们会“允许全天候自由放任提供酒精饮料”。
But Kate Nicholls, the chief executive of UK Hospitality, said that “a new and improved licensing system that is fit for the 21st century will be a huge boost to the nation’s pubs, bars, restaurants and hotels”.
但英国酒店业协会首席执行官凯特·尼科尔斯表示：“一个新的、经过改进的、适合21世纪的许可制度，将极大地推动英国的酒馆、酒吧、餐馆和酒店的发展。”
Nick Mackenzie, the chief executive of Greene King, agreed, adding that existing licensing regulations “provide a clear example of how well-intentioned legislation can inhibit economic growth, with excessive restrictions often limiting premises’ ability to respond to changing circumstances and customer demand”.
Greene King首席执行官尼克·麦肯齐对此表示赞同，并补充称，现有的牌照规定“提供了一个明确的例子，表明善意的立法可能会抑制经济增长，过度的限制往往会限制营业场所对不断变化的环境和客户需求做出反应的能力”。
Local authorities and police and crime commissioners fear that extended late night opening will lead to more noise, nuisance and antisocial behaviour blighting the lives of residents who live near licensed premises.
地方当局、警察和犯罪事务专员担心，延长深夜营业时间将导致更多的噪音、滋扰和反社会行为，破坏住在有营业执照的场所附近的居民的生活。
“These proposed reforms, developed without adequate input from policing, ambulance services, local licensing authorities, health experts or citizens are a charter for chaos,” said Dr Richard Piper, the chief executive of the charity Alcohol Change UK.
慈善机构“改变英国酒精”的首席执行官理查德·派珀博士说：“这些在没有得到警务、救护车服务、地方许可机构、卫生专家或公民充分投入的情况下制定的拟议中的改革，是一种混乱的特许状。
“One of the biggest things that people across the country are desperate to see is safer streets with less antisocial behaviour. Yet these proposals – little more than an alcohol industry wish-list – would deliver the opposite.”
“全国人民迫切希望看到的最重要的事情之一是更安全的街道，减少反社会行为。然而，这些提议——只不过是酒类行业的愿望清单——将起到相反的作用。”
“Allowing petrol stations, off-licences and corner shops to sell alcohol even later into the evening, or the early hours, will inevitably mean more victims of crime, including domestic violence, more antisocial behaviour and disturbance, more police time spent dealing with drink-fuelled incidents and both ambulance and A&E staff having to deal with even more people who have come to harm as a result of alcohol,” he added.
他补充说：“允许加油站、无执照商店和街角商店甚至在深夜或凌晨出售酒精饮料，将不可避免地意味着更多的犯罪受害者，包括家庭暴力，更多的反社会行为和骚乱，更多的处理酒后事件的警察精力，救护车和急诊室的工作人员不得不处理更多因酒精而受伤的人。”
The plans centre on major reforms of the Licensing Act 2003, under which local councils grant licences to 224,000 pubs, clubs, restaurants and supermarkets to sell alcohol within set hours. Council licensing committees of elected councillors base their decisions on four “licensing obxtives”: the prevention of crime and disorder, public safety, prevention of public nuisance and protecting children from harm.
这些计划的核心是对2003年《许可证法案》进行重大改革，根据该法案，地方议会向22.4万家酒吧、俱乐部、餐馆和超市发放了在规定时间内销售酒类的许可证。由民选议员组成的市政局发证委员会根据四个“发牌目标”——防止犯罪和骚乱、公共安全、防止公众滋扰和保护儿童免受伤害——作出发证决定。
But the government-appointed taskforce behind the plan has suggested the creation of a new fifth obxtive – promoting economic growth – which councils would have to take into account when deciding on applications for new premises or longer opening hours. That has sparked claims that the government has become too close to the alcohol industry.
但政府任命的计划背后的工作组建议，设立新的第五个目标——促进经济增长。地方议会在决定是否申请新场所或延长营业时间时，必须考虑到这一点。这引发了人们对政府与酒类行业走得太近的指责。
“Adding a new obxtive focused on economic growth is completely ludicrous and undermines the purpose of licensing”, said Prof Sir Ian Gilmore, the chair of the Alcohol Health Alliance.
“酒精健康联盟”主席伊恩·吉尔摩教授表示：“增加一个专注于经济增长的新目标完全是荒谬的，它破坏了发放许可证的目的。
“Licensing exists to protect people, not business profits. To push this through while alcohol deaths are at record highs raises serious questions about who this government is really working for.”
“许可的存在是为了保护人民，而不是商业利润。在酒精致死人数创历史新高的情况下推动这项法案，引发了一个严重的问题：政府到底在为谁工作？”
The taskforce was co-chaired by Mackenzie and Gareth Thomas, at the time a business and trade minister. It also included representatives of UK Hospitality, the Night Time Industries Association and live music industry as well as from the National Police Chiefs Council and greater London Authority. Sadiq Khan, the London mayor, has been granted powers to overrule licensing decisions by the capital’s 32 local councils if he judges that that will boost the city’s night time economy and appeal to tourists.
该工作组由麦肯齐和时任商业和贸易大臣的加雷斯·托马斯共同担任主席。还包括英国酒店业、夜间行业协会和现场音乐行业的代表，以及国家警察局长委员会和大伦敦当局的代表。伦敦市长萨迪克·汗已被授予权力，如果他认为这将提振伦敦的夜间经济并吸引游客，他可以否决伦敦32个地方议会的许可决定。
When the proposals were first floated earlier this year the government said that it was “calling ‘last orders’ on red tape choking pubs, clubs and restaurants in [a] major boost to the British night out”.
今年早些时候，当这些提议首次被提出时，英国政府表示，这是在“对令酒吧、俱乐部和餐馆窒息的繁文缛节下达‘最后命令’，以大力推动英国人的夜生活”。
Severi warned ministers that the push to help the hospitality sector could backfire as off-licences, corner shops and supermarkets, which already sell 75% of all alcohol, would also take advantage of easier access to longer opening hours.
塞维里警告大臣们，帮助酒店业的努力可能会适得其反，因为无执照商店、街角商店和超市也会利用更容易获得的更长的营业时间，这些商店和超市已经销售了75%的酒类。
“Using licensing to deregulate alcohol sales in the name of business growth is misguided and irresponsible”, she added.
她补充说：“以商业增长的名义，利用许可证来放松对酒类销售的管制是错误和不负责任的。”
“While the government may be wary of introducing public health measures that could be seen as unpopular with Reform UK voters or criticised as ‘nanny state’ policies, polling shows strong support among Reform voters for government action to protect and promote health, particularly when it helps reduce preventable disease and ease pressure on the NHS,” she added.
她补充说：“虽然政府可能会对引入可能会被英国改革党选民视为不受欢迎，或者被批评为‘保姆国家’政策的公共卫生措施持谨慎态度，但民意调查显示，改革党选民强烈支持政府保护和促进健康的行动，特别是当它有助于减少可预防的疾病和缓解国家医疗体系的压力时。”
The plan will also restrict local councils’ long-held freedom to control licensing in their area by creating a new “national licensing policy frxwork” which would enhance the role of unelected licensing officers and diminish the power of elected representatives.
该计划还将通过创建一个新的“国家许可政策框架”来限制地方议会长期以来控制本地区许可的自由，该框架将加强非选举产生的许可官员的作用，并削弱选举产生的代表的权力。
“These reforms would hollow out the power of local licensing authorities, giving decisive influence to unelected officials and unaccountable bodies”, said James Nicholls, an expert in alcohol policy at Stirling University. They will also make it harder for residents to obxt to applications from operators to open new premises or extend opening hours, he added.
斯特灵大学酒精政策专家詹姆斯·尼科尔斯表示：“这些改革将掏空地方许可当局的权力，给非选举产生的官员和不负责任的机构以决定性影响力。”他补充说，这些规定也将使居民更难反对经营者开设新场所或延长营业时间的申请。
His colleague Prof Niamh Fitzgerald said: “These proposals are completely contrary to any intention to deliver safer streets or reduce violence against women. The Home Office’s own analysis has found that alcohol is a factor in half of all intimate partner murders.”
他的同事尼娅·菲茨杰拉德教授说：“这些提议完全违背了提供更安全的街道或减少针对妇女的暴力的任何意图。内政部自己的分析发现，在所有亲密伴侣谋杀案中，有一半是酒精导致的。”
A government spokesperson said: “We are looking to rebalance the licensing system, to one which both protects local communities and gives businesses the flexibility they need to invest and adapt to changing consumer trends.
一位政府发言人表示：“我们正在寻求重新平衡许可制度，以实现既保护当地社区，又给企业提供投资和适应不断变化的消费趋势所需的灵活性。”
评论翻译
Pubs to stay open until early hours in push for UK growth
-Plans for England and Wales would help the ailing hospitality sector but have attracted criticism from health experts
为推动英国经济增长，酒吧将营业至凌晨
——针对英格兰和威尔士的计划将有助于境况不佳的酒店业，但也招致了健康专家的批评
(The move would be a ‘huge boost to the nation’s pubs, bars, restaurants and hotels’.)
（此举将“极大地促进英国的酒馆、酒吧、餐馆和酒店的发展”。）
新闻：
Pubs, clubs and restaurants will be able to open into the early hours as part of Labour’s drive for economic growth, a move which critics say will lead to more drunken disorder.
作为工党推动经济增长的一部分，酒吧、俱乐部和餐馆将可以营业到凌晨，批评者称此举将导致更多的醉酒骚乱。
Ministers are pushing ahead with plans to allow premises that sell alcohol to extend their opening hours in order to boost “the British night out” and help the hospitality sector.
大臣们正在推进一项计划，允许卖酒的场所延长营业时间，以促进“英国人的夜生活”，并帮助酒店业。
Keir Starmer is preparing to throw his weight behind the plan, which has been drawn up by leaders of the alcohol and hospitality industries and rubber-stamped by the Treasury.
基尔·斯塔默正准备对该计划表示支持，该计划是由酒类和酒店业的领导者们起草的，并得到了财政部的批准。
However, critics are warning that the planned liberalisation of the alcohol licensing regime in England and Wales will erode local councils’ right to decide on opening hours, hand the drink industry unprecedented power and limit the ability of people affected by late night openings to obxt.
然而，批评人士警告称，英格兰和威尔士计划中的酒类许可制度自由化，将削弱地方议会决定营业时间的权利，赋予饮酒业前所未有的权力，并限制受深夜营业影响的人们反对的能力。
The plans amount to “a charter for chaos” that will lead to more drink-related aggression, greater violence against women and even more deaths from alcohol, health experts claim. They would “allow an open all hours free-for-all in the availability of alcohol”, said Dr Katherine Severi, the chief executive of the Institute of Alcohol Studies thinktank.
健康专家称，该计划相当于“混乱宪章”，将导致更多与饮酒有关的侵犯行为，更多针对女性的暴力行为，甚至更多因饮酒而死亡的人。英国酒精研究所首席执行官凯瑟琳·塞维里博士说，他们会“允许全天候自由放任提供酒精饮料”。
But Kate Nicholls, the chief executive of UK Hospitality, said that “a new and improved licensing system that is fit for the 21st century will be a huge boost to the nation’s pubs, bars, restaurants and hotels”.
但英国酒店业协会首席执行官凯特·尼科尔斯表示：“一个新的、经过改进的、适合21世纪的许可制度，将极大地推动英国的酒馆、酒吧、餐馆和酒店的发展。”
Nick Mackenzie, the chief executive of Greene King, agreed, adding that existing licensing regulations “provide a clear example of how well-intentioned legislation can inhibit economic growth, with excessive restrictions often limiting premises’ ability to respond to changing circumstances and customer demand”.
Greene King首席执行官尼克·麦肯齐对此表示赞同，并补充称，现有的牌照规定“提供了一个明确的例子，表明善意的立法可能会抑制经济增长，过度的限制往往会限制营业场所对不断变化的环境和客户需求做出反应的能力”。
Local authorities and police and crime commissioners fear that extended late night opening will lead to more noise, nuisance and antisocial behaviour blighting the lives of residents who live near licensed premises.
地方当局、警察和犯罪事务专员担心，延长深夜营业时间将导致更多的噪音、滋扰和反社会行为，破坏住在有营业执照的场所附近的居民的生活。
“These proposed reforms, developed without adequate input from policing, ambulance services, local licensing authorities, health experts or citizens are a charter for chaos,” said Dr Richard Piper, the chief executive of the charity Alcohol Change UK.
慈善机构“改变英国酒精”的首席执行官理查德·派珀博士说：“这些在没有得到警务、救护车服务、地方许可机构、卫生专家或公民充分投入的情况下制定的拟议中的改革，是一种混乱的特许状。
“One of the biggest things that people across the country are desperate to see is safer streets with less antisocial behaviour. Yet these proposals – little more than an alcohol industry wish-list – would deliver the opposite.”
“全国人民迫切希望看到的最重要的事情之一是更安全的街道，减少反社会行为。然而，这些提议——只不过是酒类行业的愿望清单——将起到相反的作用。”
“Allowing petrol stations, off-licences and corner shops to sell alcohol even later into the evening, or the early hours, will inevitably mean more victims of crime, including domestic violence, more antisocial behaviour and disturbance, more police time spent dealing with drink-fuelled incidents and both ambulance and A&E staff having to deal with even more people who have come to harm as a result of alcohol,” he added.
他补充说：“允许加油站、无执照商店和街角商店甚至在深夜或凌晨出售酒精饮料，将不可避免地意味着更多的犯罪受害者，包括家庭暴力，更多的反社会行为和骚乱，更多的处理酒后事件的警察精力，救护车和急诊室的工作人员不得不处理更多因酒精而受伤的人。”
The plans centre on major reforms of the Licensing Act 2003, under which local councils grant licences to 224,000 pubs, clubs, restaurants and supermarkets to sell alcohol within set hours. Council licensing committees of elected councillors base their decisions on four “licensing obxtives”: the prevention of crime and disorder, public safety, prevention of public nuisance and protecting children from harm.
这些计划的核心是对2003年《许可证法案》进行重大改革，根据该法案，地方议会向22.4万家酒吧、俱乐部、餐馆和超市发放了在规定时间内销售酒类的许可证。由民选议员组成的市政局发证委员会根据四个“发牌目标”——防止犯罪和骚乱、公共安全、防止公众滋扰和保护儿童免受伤害——作出发证决定。
But the government-appointed taskforce behind the plan has suggested the creation of a new fifth obxtive – promoting economic growth – which councils would have to take into account when deciding on applications for new premises or longer opening hours. That has sparked claims that the government has become too close to the alcohol industry.
但政府任命的计划背后的工作组建议，设立新的第五个目标——促进经济增长。地方议会在决定是否申请新场所或延长营业时间时，必须考虑到这一点。这引发了人们对政府与酒类行业走得太近的指责。
“Adding a new obxtive focused on economic growth is completely ludicrous and undermines the purpose of licensing”, said Prof Sir Ian Gilmore, the chair of the Alcohol Health Alliance.
“酒精健康联盟”主席伊恩·吉尔摩教授表示：“增加一个专注于经济增长的新目标完全是荒谬的，它破坏了发放许可证的目的。
“Licensing exists to protect people, not business profits. To push this through while alcohol deaths are at record highs raises serious questions about who this government is really working for.”
“许可的存在是为了保护人民，而不是商业利润。在酒精致死人数创历史新高的情况下推动这项法案，引发了一个严重的问题：政府到底在为谁工作？”
The taskforce was co-chaired by Mackenzie and Gareth Thomas, at the time a business and trade minister. It also included representatives of UK Hospitality, the Night Time Industries Association and live music industry as well as from the National Police Chiefs Council and greater London Authority. Sadiq Khan, the London mayor, has been granted powers to overrule licensing decisions by the capital’s 32 local councils if he judges that that will boost the city’s night time economy and appeal to tourists.
该工作组由麦肯齐和时任商业和贸易大臣的加雷斯·托马斯共同担任主席。还包括英国酒店业、夜间行业协会和现场音乐行业的代表，以及国家警察局长委员会和大伦敦当局的代表。伦敦市长萨迪克·汗已被授予权力，如果他认为这将提振伦敦的夜间经济并吸引游客，他可以否决伦敦32个地方议会的许可决定。
When the proposals were first floated earlier this year the government said that it was “calling ‘last orders’ on red tape choking pubs, clubs and restaurants in [a] major boost to the British night out”.
今年早些时候，当这些提议首次被提出时，英国政府表示，这是在“对令酒吧、俱乐部和餐馆窒息的繁文缛节下达‘最后命令’，以大力推动英国人的夜生活”。
Severi warned ministers that the push to help the hospitality sector could backfire as off-licences, corner shops and supermarkets, which already sell 75% of all alcohol, would also take advantage of easier access to longer opening hours.
塞维里警告大臣们，帮助酒店业的努力可能会适得其反，因为无执照商店、街角商店和超市也会利用更容易获得的更长的营业时间，这些商店和超市已经销售了75%的酒类。
“Using licensing to deregulate alcohol sales in the name of business growth is misguided and irresponsible”, she added.
她补充说：“以商业增长的名义，利用许可证来放松对酒类销售的管制是错误和不负责任的。”
“While the government may be wary of introducing public health measures that could be seen as unpopular with Reform UK voters or criticised as ‘nanny state’ policies, polling shows strong support among Reform voters for government action to protect and promote health, particularly when it helps reduce preventable disease and ease pressure on the NHS,” she added.
她补充说：“虽然政府可能会对引入可能会被英国改革党选民视为不受欢迎，或者被批评为‘保姆国家’政策的公共卫生措施持谨慎态度，但民意调查显示，改革党选民强烈支持政府保护和促进健康的行动，特别是当它有助于减少可预防的疾病和缓解国家医疗体系的压力时。”
The plan will also restrict local councils’ long-held freedom to control licensing in their area by creating a new “national licensing policy frxwork” which would enhance the role of unelected licensing officers and diminish the power of elected representatives.
该计划还将通过创建一个新的“国家许可政策框架”来限制地方议会长期以来控制本地区许可的自由，该框架将加强非选举产生的许可官员的作用，并削弱选举产生的代表的权力。
“These reforms would hollow out the power of local licensing authorities, giving decisive influence to unelected officials and unaccountable bodies”, said James Nicholls, an expert in alcohol policy at Stirling University. They will also make it harder for residents to obxt to applications from operators to open new premises or extend opening hours, he added.
斯特灵大学酒精政策专家詹姆斯·尼科尔斯表示：“这些改革将掏空地方许可当局的权力，给非选举产生的官员和不负责任的机构以决定性影响力。”他补充说，这些规定也将使居民更难反对经营者开设新场所或延长营业时间的申请。
His colleague Prof Niamh Fitzgerald said: “These proposals are completely contrary to any intention to deliver safer streets or reduce violence against women. The Home Office’s own analysis has found that alcohol is a factor in half of all intimate partner murders.”
他的同事尼娅·菲茨杰拉德教授说：“这些提议完全违背了提供更安全的街道或减少针对妇女的暴力的任何意图。内政部自己的分析发现，在所有亲密伴侣谋杀案中，有一半是酒精导致的。”
A government spokesperson said: “We are looking to rebalance the licensing system, to one which both protects local communities and gives businesses the flexibility they need to invest and adapt to changing consumer trends.
一位政府发言人表示：“我们正在寻求重新平衡许可制度，以实现既保护当地社区，又给企业提供投资和适应不断变化的消费趋势所需的灵活性。”
-Plans for England and Wales would help the ailing hospitality sector but have attracted criticism from health experts
为推动英国经济增长，酒吧将营业至凌晨
——针对英格兰和威尔士的计划将有助于境况不佳的酒店业，但也招致了健康专家的批评
(The move would be a ‘huge boost to the nation’s pubs, bars, restaurants and hotels’.)
（此举将“极大地促进英国的酒馆、酒吧、餐馆和酒店的发展”。）
新闻：
Pubs, clubs and restaurants will be able to open into the early hours as part of Labour’s drive for economic growth, a move which critics say will lead to more drunken disorder.
作为工党推动经济增长的一部分，酒吧、俱乐部和餐馆将可以营业到凌晨，批评者称此举将导致更多的醉酒骚乱。
Ministers are pushing ahead with plans to allow premises that sell alcohol to extend their opening hours in order to boost “the British night out” and help the hospitality sector.
大臣们正在推进一项计划，允许卖酒的场所延长营业时间，以促进“英国人的夜生活”，并帮助酒店业。
Keir Starmer is preparing to throw his weight behind the plan, which has been drawn up by leaders of the alcohol and hospitality industries and rubber-stamped by the Treasury.
基尔·斯塔默正准备对该计划表示支持，该计划是由酒类和酒店业的领导者们起草的，并得到了财政部的批准。
However, critics are warning that the planned liberalisation of the alcohol licensing regime in England and Wales will erode local councils’ right to decide on opening hours, hand the drink industry unprecedented power and limit the ability of people affected by late night openings to obxt.
然而，批评人士警告称，英格兰和威尔士计划中的酒类许可制度自由化，将削弱地方议会决定营业时间的权利，赋予饮酒业前所未有的权力，并限制受深夜营业影响的人们反对的能力。
The plans amount to “a charter for chaos” that will lead to more drink-related aggression, greater violence against women and even more deaths from alcohol, health experts claim. They would “allow an open all hours free-for-all in the availability of alcohol”, said Dr Katherine Severi, the chief executive of the Institute of Alcohol Studies thinktank.
健康专家称，该计划相当于“混乱宪章”，将导致更多与饮酒有关的侵犯行为，更多针对女性的暴力行为，甚至更多因饮酒而死亡的人。英国酒精研究所首席执行官凯瑟琳·塞维里博士说，他们会“允许全天候自由放任提供酒精饮料”。
But Kate Nicholls, the chief executive of UK Hospitality, said that “a new and improved licensing system that is fit for the 21st century will be a huge boost to the nation’s pubs, bars, restaurants and hotels”.
但英国酒店业协会首席执行官凯特·尼科尔斯表示：“一个新的、经过改进的、适合21世纪的许可制度，将极大地推动英国的酒馆、酒吧、餐馆和酒店的发展。”
Nick Mackenzie, the chief executive of Greene King, agreed, adding that existing licensing regulations “provide a clear example of how well-intentioned legislation can inhibit economic growth, with excessive restrictions often limiting premises’ ability to respond to changing circumstances and customer demand”.
Greene King首席执行官尼克·麦肯齐对此表示赞同，并补充称，现有的牌照规定“提供了一个明确的例子，表明善意的立法可能会抑制经济增长，过度的限制往往会限制营业场所对不断变化的环境和客户需求做出反应的能力”。
Local authorities and police and crime commissioners fear that extended late night opening will lead to more noise, nuisance and antisocial behaviour blighting the lives of residents who live near licensed premises.
地方当局、警察和犯罪事务专员担心，延长深夜营业时间将导致更多的噪音、滋扰和反社会行为，破坏住在有营业执照的场所附近的居民的生活。
“These proposed reforms, developed without adequate input from policing, ambulance services, local licensing authorities, health experts or citizens are a charter for chaos,” said Dr Richard Piper, the chief executive of the charity Alcohol Change UK.
慈善机构“改变英国酒精”的首席执行官理查德·派珀博士说：“这些在没有得到警务、救护车服务、地方许可机构、卫生专家或公民充分投入的情况下制定的拟议中的改革，是一种混乱的特许状。
“One of the biggest things that people across the country are desperate to see is safer streets with less antisocial behaviour. Yet these proposals – little more than an alcohol industry wish-list – would deliver the opposite.”
“全国人民迫切希望看到的最重要的事情之一是更安全的街道，减少反社会行为。然而，这些提议——只不过是酒类行业的愿望清单——将起到相反的作用。”
“Allowing petrol stations, off-licences and corner shops to sell alcohol even later into the evening, or the early hours, will inevitably mean more victims of crime, including domestic violence, more antisocial behaviour and disturbance, more police time spent dealing with drink-fuelled incidents and both ambulance and A&E staff having to deal with even more people who have come to harm as a result of alcohol,” he added.
他补充说：“允许加油站、无执照商店和街角商店甚至在深夜或凌晨出售酒精饮料，将不可避免地意味着更多的犯罪受害者，包括家庭暴力，更多的反社会行为和骚乱，更多的处理酒后事件的警察精力，救护车和急诊室的工作人员不得不处理更多因酒精而受伤的人。”
The plans centre on major reforms of the Licensing Act 2003, under which local councils grant licences to 224,000 pubs, clubs, restaurants and supermarkets to sell alcohol within set hours. Council licensing committees of elected councillors base their decisions on four “licensing obxtives”: the prevention of crime and disorder, public safety, prevention of public nuisance and protecting children from harm.
这些计划的核心是对2003年《许可证法案》进行重大改革，根据该法案，地方议会向22.4万家酒吧、俱乐部、餐馆和超市发放了在规定时间内销售酒类的许可证。由民选议员组成的市政局发证委员会根据四个“发牌目标”——防止犯罪和骚乱、公共安全、防止公众滋扰和保护儿童免受伤害——作出发证决定。
But the government-appointed taskforce behind the plan has suggested the creation of a new fifth obxtive – promoting economic growth – which councils would have to take into account when deciding on applications for new premises or longer opening hours. That has sparked claims that the government has become too close to the alcohol industry.
但政府任命的计划背后的工作组建议，设立新的第五个目标——促进经济增长。地方议会在决定是否申请新场所或延长营业时间时，必须考虑到这一点。这引发了人们对政府与酒类行业走得太近的指责。
“Adding a new obxtive focused on economic growth is completely ludicrous and undermines the purpose of licensing”, said Prof Sir Ian Gilmore, the chair of the Alcohol Health Alliance.
“酒精健康联盟”主席伊恩·吉尔摩教授表示：“增加一个专注于经济增长的新目标完全是荒谬的，它破坏了发放许可证的目的。
“Licensing exists to protect people, not business profits. To push this through while alcohol deaths are at record highs raises serious questions about who this government is really working for.”
“许可的存在是为了保护人民，而不是商业利润。在酒精致死人数创历史新高的情况下推动这项法案，引发了一个严重的问题：政府到底在为谁工作？”
The taskforce was co-chaired by Mackenzie and Gareth Thomas, at the time a business and trade minister. It also included representatives of UK Hospitality, the Night Time Industries Association and live music industry as well as from the National Police Chiefs Council and greater London Authority. Sadiq Khan, the London mayor, has been granted powers to overrule licensing decisions by the capital’s 32 local councils if he judges that that will boost the city’s night time economy and appeal to tourists.
该工作组由麦肯齐和时任商业和贸易大臣的加雷斯·托马斯共同担任主席。还包括英国酒店业、夜间行业协会和现场音乐行业的代表，以及国家警察局长委员会和大伦敦当局的代表。伦敦市长萨迪克·汗已被授予权力，如果他认为这将提振伦敦的夜间经济并吸引游客，他可以否决伦敦32个地方议会的许可决定。
When the proposals were first floated earlier this year the government said that it was “calling ‘last orders’ on red tape choking pubs, clubs and restaurants in [a] major boost to the British night out”.
今年早些时候，当这些提议首次被提出时，英国政府表示，这是在“对令酒吧、俱乐部和餐馆窒息的繁文缛节下达‘最后命令’，以大力推动英国人的夜生活”。
Severi warned ministers that the push to help the hospitality sector could backfire as off-licences, corner shops and supermarkets, which already sell 75% of all alcohol, would also take advantage of easier access to longer opening hours.
塞维里警告大臣们，帮助酒店业的努力可能会适得其反，因为无执照商店、街角商店和超市也会利用更容易获得的更长的营业时间，这些商店和超市已经销售了75%的酒类。
“Using licensing to deregulate alcohol sales in the name of business growth is misguided and irresponsible”, she added.
她补充说：“以商业增长的名义，利用许可证来放松对酒类销售的管制是错误和不负责任的。”
“While the government may be wary of introducing public health measures that could be seen as unpopular with Reform UK voters or criticised as ‘nanny state’ policies, polling shows strong support among Reform voters for government action to protect and promote health, particularly when it helps reduce preventable disease and ease pressure on the NHS,” she added.
她补充说：“虽然政府可能会对引入可能会被英国改革党选民视为不受欢迎，或者被批评为‘保姆国家’政策的公共卫生措施持谨慎态度，但民意调查显示，改革党选民强烈支持政府保护和促进健康的行动，特别是当它有助于减少可预防的疾病和缓解国家医疗体系的压力时。”
The plan will also restrict local councils’ long-held freedom to control licensing in their area by creating a new “national licensing policy frxwork” which would enhance the role of unelected licensing officers and diminish the power of elected representatives.
该计划还将通过创建一个新的“国家许可政策框架”来限制地方议会长期以来控制本地区许可的自由，该框架将加强非选举产生的许可官员的作用，并削弱选举产生的代表的权力。
“These reforms would hollow out the power of local licensing authorities, giving decisive influence to unelected officials and unaccountable bodies”, said James Nicholls, an expert in alcohol policy at Stirling University. They will also make it harder for residents to obxt to applications from operators to open new premises or extend opening hours, he added.
斯特灵大学酒精政策专家詹姆斯·尼科尔斯表示：“这些改革将掏空地方许可当局的权力，给非选举产生的官员和不负责任的机构以决定性影响力。”他补充说，这些规定也将使居民更难反对经营者开设新场所或延长营业时间的申请。
His colleague Prof Niamh Fitzgerald said: “These proposals are completely contrary to any intention to deliver safer streets or reduce violence against women. The Home Office’s own analysis has found that alcohol is a factor in half of all intimate partner murders.”
他的同事尼娅·菲茨杰拉德教授说：“这些提议完全违背了提供更安全的街道或减少针对妇女的暴力的任何意图。内政部自己的分析发现，在所有亲密伴侣谋杀案中，有一半是酒精导致的。”
A government spokesperson said: “We are looking to rebalance the licensing system, to one which both protects local communities and gives businesses the flexibility they need to invest and adapt to changing consumer trends.
一位政府发言人表示：“我们正在寻求重新平衡许可制度，以实现既保护当地社区，又给企业提供投资和适应不断变化的消费趋势所需的灵活性。”
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