越南战争中那些如今无人提及的往事
正文翻译
越南战争中那些如今无人提及的往事
What happened during the Vietnam War that nobody talks about today?
Nikola Consoli
业余历史学家、电子商务专家
Technically it happened after the war.
The war officially ended in 1975 and the South Vietnamese people were paying a high price during the consequent reunification of the country. South Vietnam was transforming itself in a nightmare where executions and persecutions became a daily routine.
It was hell on earth.
严格来说，这件事发生在战争结束后。
战争于1975年正式结束，南越人民在随后的国家统一过程中付出了沉重代价。南越变成了一场噩梦，处决和迫害成为日常。
那简直是人间地狱。
As the situation was growing more desperate, the inhabitants of the defeated nation tried to escape in different ways and one of them was through the South Chinese sea.
Fishing boats and different kinds of floating vessels were used to sail the seas in one last attempt to reach neighboring countries and save their lives from the devastation that once was home. But the dangers weren’t over. Sea storms, starvation and predatory attacks from pirates made the struggle of these people even harder. As this wasn’t enough many countries of the South China sea refused to accept the refugees.
These were the boat people.
随着局势愈发绝望，这个战败国家的居民尝试通过各种方式逃离，其中一种便是穿越南海。
他们乘坐渔船和各类漂浮船只出海，做最后一搏，希望抵达邻国，从这片已然满目疮痍的故土中保住性命。但危险并未结束，海上风暴、饥饿以及海盗的掠夺性袭击，让这些人的逃亡之路更加艰难。更糟的是，许多南海周边国家拒绝接纳这些难民。
他们就是“船民”。
In 1979 as the world was shocked watching images of the sufferings that these people were enduring, the public opinion mobilized itself in putting pressure upon the leaders of the European and world countries. On the European side, the unlocking of the situation came from the Italian president, Sandro Pertini, a socialist and partizan veteran from the second world war, that in front of those images could not stay still. After a consultation with the government, he gave the order to the navy that everybody was waiting: “ Go and save those people”.
1979年，当全世界看到这些人遭受苦难的画面时都为之震惊，公众舆论开始向欧洲各国及世界各国领导人施压。在欧洲方面，打破僵局的是意大利总统桑德罗·佩尔蒂尼——一位社会主义者、二战 partisan 老兵，他在这些画面面前无法坐视不理。与政府协商后，他向海军下达了所有人都在等待的命令：“去拯救那些人。”
On the 27 of June 1979 abord two Italian cruisers came the order to sail back into their respective bases and to stock up the material and all the necessities for the mission ahead. It was named “Operazione Vietnam”, with the precise task of bringing help to the stranded Vietnamese refugees and to bring back in Italy whoever by their own choice wanted to.
Some of the crew had to get married and some could have spent some time with their loved ones because they were supposed to go in leave, but everyone worked with a positive attitude and embarked on the mission without regrets.
1979年6月27日，两艘意大利巡洋舰接到命令返回各自基地，储备物资及此次任务所需的一切必需品。这项任务被命名为“越南行动”，具体任务是为滞留的越南难民提供援助，并将所有自愿前往意大利的难民接回该国。
部分船员本应休假，有的要结婚，有的想陪伴亲人，但所有人都态度积极，毫无怨言地投身于这项任务。
On the 4th of July the Vittorio Veneto, the Andrea Doria, the Stromboli logistical ship, and three helicopters sailed from Italy towards the south of Vietnam in what was the farthest mission that the Italian Navy had ever undertaken from the Second World War. After a brief stop in Singapore, where some information was gathered on what were the principal routes of the exodus, the “Gruppo Navale” (Taskforce) begins it’s search and rescue mission in the South Chinese Sea and in the south of the Siam Gulf. The ships were to sail 10 nautical miles from each other to ensure that the area of coverage was wider.
7月4日，“维托里奥·维内托”号、“安德烈亚·多里亚”号、“斯特龙博利”号补给舰以及三架直升机从意大利启航，前往越南南部。这是二战后意大利海军执行过的最远任务。在新加坡短暂停留期间，他们收集了有关难民逃亡主要路线的信息，随后这支“海军特遣队”开始在南海和暹罗湾南部执行搜救任务。舰艇之间保持10海里的间距航行，以确保覆盖更广泛的区域。
On the 26 a helicopter of the “Vittorio Veneto” localizes a drifting boat of 25 meters packed with refugees. Veneto ship heads immediately towards the location.
All the protocols to prevent any contagion were broken and, regardless of the danger, most of the crew threw themselves to help mostly elderly and children that were aboard the half-sunk boat.
26日，“维托里奥·维内托”号的一架直升机发现了一艘25米长的漂流船只，船上挤满了难民。“维内托”号立即驶向该地点。
所有预防传染病的规程都被抛在脑后，大多数船员不顾危险，全力救助那艘半沉没船只上的老人和儿童。
That day the navy saved 128 persons and after the first medical treatments, the stories that came out were extremely sad. This group of refugees said that they were 403 when they embarked from Vietnam. The day after they were attacked by pirates and a 20 years old girl fell and died between the to boats. They were brought near the Malaysian cost and were divided onboard of 5 boats. Afterward came in the Malaysian navy that towed the boats promising to bring them to an island where there was a refugee camp but instead, during the night, they cut the rope and left them adrift in the ocean.
Luckily one of the 5 boats was found by the Italian Navy.
那天，海军拯救了128人。经过初步治疗后，他们讲述的经历令人心碎。这群难民说，他们从越南出发时共有403人。启航后的第二天，他们遭到海盗袭击，一名20岁的女孩在两艘船之间坠落身亡。他们被带到马来西亚海岸附近，随后被分流到5艘船上。之后马来西亚海军赶来，拖走了这些船，并承诺将他们带到一个设有难民营的岛屿，但到了夜间，马来西亚海军却割断绳索，任由这些船在海上漂流。
幸运的是，这5艘船中有一艘被意大利海军发现。
The same day an offshore oil plant of ESSO reports on the SOS frequency that two boats full of refugees were adrift near it. The Doria ship heads towards the area and saves 68 lives. 35 men, 15 women, and 18 children.
On the 31 of July Veneto ship identifies and approaches a Malaysian patrol boat that is towing 4 small boats towards open seas. After the stories, everybody knew what would happen afterward.
同一天，埃索公司的一座海上石油平台通过紧急求救频道报告，附近有两艘载满难民的船只正在漂流。“多里亚”号驶向该区域，拯救了68条生命，其中包括35名男性、15名女性和18名儿童。
7月31日，“维内托”号发现一艘马来西亚巡逻艇正拖着4艘小船驶向公海。听过之前的难民遭遇后，所有人都清楚接下来会发生什么。
With a fast exchange of light signals, the Malaysians asked the Italian ship:
“ You want refugees?
The reply is “Affirmative”.
Other 319 souls were saved.
通过快速的灯光信号交流，马来西亚巡逻艇向意大利船只询问：
“你们要难民吗？”
回复是“是的”。
又有319人获救。
The following days after agreements between the Italians and Malaysians other refugees were transferred to the Grey ships of the Italian navy.
A total of 907 people where saved. Most of them suffering injuries, starvation and dehydration.
Most of them running from the “Gulag Camps” of the communist regime.
Running from Pirates.
Running from the people that they thought would save them.
在意大利和马来西亚达成协议后的几天里，其他难民也被转移到意大利海军的灰色舰艇上。
此次行动共拯救了907人，他们中的大多数人都受了伤，饱受饥饿和脱水之苦。
他们中的大多数人是为了逃离..主义政权的“古拉格集中营”，
逃离海盗的魔爪，
逃离那些他们曾以为会拯救自己的人。
On the way to the South Chinese sea, after long fleet exercise, the hot weather of the Red Sea and the devious monsoons of the Indian Ocean challenged the morale of the crew.
On the way back the morale was completely different after that the mission was accomplished and the refugees were on board and in good condition.
在前往南海的途中，经过长时间的舰队演习后，红海的炎热天气和印度洋变幻莫测的季风考验着船员们的士气。
而在返程途中，任务圆满完成，难民们安然在船上，船员们的士气截然不同。
Two days before arriving in Venice the Vietnamese gave a message:
“Admiral, Captain, Officers, Sailors: Thanks to every one of you that with Christian spirit sacrificed themselves for us day and night. You Italians have a good heart; nobody would have treated us how you did... We would have been dead and because of you we lived. This morning, on the flight deck, while we were watching the Italian coast a sweet breeze touched our face in a sign of welcome. That filled our hearts with hope. You are different. For you there exists somebody that suffers and for these cause you sacrificed yourselves.
抵达威尼斯前两天，越南难民们传递了这样一条信息：
“海军上将、舰长、军官们、水手们：感谢你们每一个人，以基督教的精神日夜为我们牺牲。你们意大利人心地善良，没有人会像你们这样对待我们……我们本会死去，是你们让我们活了下来。今天早上，在飞行甲板上，当我们眺望意大利海岸时，一阵微风拂过脸庞，仿佛是欢迎的信号。这让我们心中充满了希望。你们与众不同，你们在乎那些受苦的人，并为此牺牲了自己。”
The admiral Sergio Agostinelli, commander of the Taskforce answered this way:
“We are military men: they gave us a mission and we tried to accomplish it in the best way we could. We are happy to have saved you and so many children and to bring you in our country. Italy is a beautiful place even though sometimes the Italians have an agitated spirit. Marco Polo went to discover Asia with few people, you came here in our little world in many. Conserve the freedom you received.”
特遣队指挥官塞尔吉奥·阿戈斯蒂内利海军上将这样回应：
“我们是军人：上级赋予我们任务，我们就尽力以最好的方式完成。我们很高兴能拯救你们和这么多孩子，并把你们带到我们的国家。意大利是个美丽的地方，尽管有时意大利人性格急躁。马可·波罗曾带着少数人去探索亚洲，而你们许多人来到了我们这个小小的世界。请珍惜你们获得的自由。”
The majority of the Vietnamese settled in their new home. Some of them joined the Italian navy.
Meanwhile, the crews of the grey ships continued to sail the seas. In their minds the image of those days and in their hearts the joy that they did something good.
大多数越南难民在这个新家园定居下来，其中一些人还加入了意大利海军。
与此同时，那些灰色舰艇的船员们继续在海上航行。他们的脑海中留存着那些日子的画面，心中满是做了好事的喜悦。
Jaehan Park
Electrical Engineering/Interest in East Asian historyUpvoted by
电气工程/对东亚历史的兴趣
So in high school I was a part of the International Baccalaureate (IB) program and in this program we were required to write an independent research paper on any subject. One of my candidates for a research question was, “To what extent did Korea’s participation in Vietnam fuel its boom in economic growth?” (or something of the sorts).
I remember when my IB coordinator (who was also the teacher for the History of the Americas) was reviewing our research questions and he gave me a confused look stating, “wait… South Korea fought in Vietnam?” He was in complete disbelief.
高中时，我参加了国际文凭组织（IB）项目，这个项目要求我们就任意主题撰写一篇独立研究论文。我当时的研究选题之一是“韩国参与越南战争在多大程度上推动了其经济繁荣？”（大概是这个意思）。
我记得当时IB项目协调员（他也是美洲史老师）审核我们的研究选题时，一脸困惑地看着我说：“等等……韩国也参加越南战争了？”他完全不敢相信。
Indeed if South Korea had sent some ragtag force of a few thousand soldiers in Vietnam I wouldn’t have been so surprised at his response. But instead, Korea sent over 300,000 troops to Vietnam and at the zenith of Korea’s participation, it had around 50,000 soldiers fighting in Vietnam.
事实上，如果韩国只是向越南派遣了几千人的乌合之众，我对他的反应也不会这么惊讶。但实际情况是，韩国向越南派遣了超过30万名士兵，在参与力度的顶峰时期，约有5万名韩国士兵在越南作战。
In fact, South Korea was the largest anti-communist force in Vietnam other than the United States. Hence it was pretty confusing when my coordinator was aware of smaller forces like Australia but was completely oblivious to the participation of Koreans.
事实上，韩国是越南战争中除美国之外最大的反共产主义力量。因此，当我的协调员知道澳大利亚等规模更小的参战部队，却完全不知道韩国也参与其中时，我感到非常困惑。
Not only did Koreans partake in the war, but they performed quite outstandingly with a kill death ratio of 25:1 (the US had a kill death ratio of 10 or 9:1 I believe). There were many operations in which the White Horse or Tiger Divisions of the ROK managed to sustain little to no casualties while inflicted hundreds to even thousands of casualties on the Viet Cong and Viet Minh. These commandos ferocity and tenacity was so severe that the Viet higher command sent a message throughout the communist fighting force after the Tet Offensive “to not engage with South Korean forces unless victory was absolutely guaranteed.”
韩国不仅参与了战争，表现还相当出色，敌我伤亡比达到25:1（我记得美国的伤亡比约为10:1或9:1）。在许多行动中，韩国的白马师或猛虎师几乎没有伤亡，却给越共和越盟造成了数百甚至数千人的伤亡。这些突击队员的凶猛和坚韧令人胆寒，以至于越南高层指挥部在春节攻势后向所有共产主义作战部队下达指令：“除非绝对有把握获胜，否则不要与韩国军队交战。”
However, as Korea’s involvement in Vietnam is already little known, the atrocities and crimes the ROK military committed in Vietnam are all the more less known.
It cannot be denied that the Korean military committed unthinkable crimes against the Vietnamese people. They committed around 50 massacres and there are countless accounts of rape and murder of women and children.
然而，由于韩国参与越南战争本身就鲜为人知，韩国军队在越南犯下的暴行和罪行就更不为人知了。
不可否认的是，韩国军队对越南人民犯下了令人发指的罪行。他们制造了约50起大屠杀，强奸和杀害妇女儿童的事件更是数不胜数。
From anecdotal experience, my friend’s grandfather told me his comrade would cut off ears and noses as war trophies. My other friend’s father told me that my friend’s grandfather was a serving officer in Vietnam; he recounted that the Vietnamese were “scared sh*tless of the Koreans, even more than the Americans.” The Korean military had little regard for human life and would execute entire civilian villages that were suspected of VC and NVA cooperation. The ROK military’s brutality and fighting tenacity ironically reminded me of that of the Imperial Japanese military’s in the Second World War: which comes as no surprise as many Korean military leaders instated by the US after liberation were actually Japanese Imperial officers during colonial rule.
根据一些轶事，我朋友的祖父曾告诉我，他的战友会割下敌人的耳朵和鼻子作为战争战利品。另一个朋友的父亲说，他的祖父曾是驻越南的军官，据他回忆，越南人“怕韩国人怕得要死，甚至比怕美国人还厉害”。韩国军队毫不尊重生命，会处决所有被怀疑与越共、北越军队合作的平民村庄。具有讽刺意味的是，韩国军队的残暴和作战韧性让我想起了二战中的日本帝国军队——这并不奇怪，因为韩国解放后由美国任命的许多军事领导人，实际上在殖民统治时期曾是日本帝国军官。
While Korea has apologized for its crimes and has even built a war memorial commemorating the innocent Vietnamese lives slaughtered by the Korean military, I still believe that Korea’s crimes are not fully shown in their true light. Knowledge of our participation and brutal role in this war is far too obscure in the textbooks of the West.
尽管韩国已经为其罪行道歉，甚至建立了战争纪念碑，纪念被韩国军队杀害的无辜越南人，但我仍然认为，韩国的罪行并未完全被揭露其真相。在西方的教科书中，关于韩国参与这场战争及其残暴角色的认知太过模糊。
What happened during the Vietnam War that nobody talks about today?
Nikola Consoli
业余历史学家、电子商务专家
Technically it happened after the war.
The war officially ended in 1975 and the South Vietnamese people were paying a high price during the consequent reunification of the country. South Vietnam was transforming itself in a nightmare where executions and persecutions became a daily routine.
It was hell on earth.
严格来说，这件事发生在战争结束后。
战争于1975年正式结束，南越人民在随后的国家统一过程中付出了沉重代价。南越变成了一场噩梦，处决和迫害成为日常。
那简直是人间地狱。
As the situation was growing more desperate, the inhabitants of the defeated nation tried to escape in different ways and one of them was through the South Chinese sea.
Fishing boats and different kinds of floating vessels were used to sail the seas in one last attempt to reach neighboring countries and save their lives from the devastation that once was home. But the dangers weren’t over. Sea storms, starvation and predatory attacks from pirates made the struggle of these people even harder. As this wasn’t enough many countries of the South China sea refused to accept the refugees.
These were the boat people.
随着局势愈发绝望，这个战败国家的居民尝试通过各种方式逃离，其中一种便是穿越南海。
他们乘坐渔船和各类漂浮船只出海，做最后一搏，希望抵达邻国，从这片已然满目疮痍的故土中保住性命。但危险并未结束，海上风暴、饥饿以及海盗的掠夺性袭击，让这些人的逃亡之路更加艰难。更糟的是，许多南海周边国家拒绝接纳这些难民。
他们就是“船民”。
In 1979 as the world was shocked watching images of the sufferings that these people were enduring, the public opinion mobilized itself in putting pressure upon the leaders of the European and world countries. On the European side, the unlocking of the situation came from the Italian president, Sandro Pertini, a socialist and partizan veteran from the second world war, that in front of those images could not stay still. After a consultation with the government, he gave the order to the navy that everybody was waiting: “ Go and save those people”.
1979年，当全世界看到这些人遭受苦难的画面时都为之震惊，公众舆论开始向欧洲各国及世界各国领导人施压。在欧洲方面，打破僵局的是意大利总统桑德罗·佩尔蒂尼——一位社会主义者、二战 partisan 老兵，他在这些画面面前无法坐视不理。与政府协商后，他向海军下达了所有人都在等待的命令：“去拯救那些人。”
On the 27 of June 1979 abord two Italian cruisers came the order to sail back into their respective bases and to stock up the material and all the necessities for the mission ahead. It was named “Operazione Vietnam”, with the precise task of bringing help to the stranded Vietnamese refugees and to bring back in Italy whoever by their own choice wanted to.
Some of the crew had to get married and some could have spent some time with their loved ones because they were supposed to go in leave, but everyone worked with a positive attitude and embarked on the mission without regrets.
1979年6月27日，两艘意大利巡洋舰接到命令返回各自基地，储备物资及此次任务所需的一切必需品。这项任务被命名为“越南行动”，具体任务是为滞留的越南难民提供援助，并将所有自愿前往意大利的难民接回该国。
部分船员本应休假，有的要结婚，有的想陪伴亲人，但所有人都态度积极，毫无怨言地投身于这项任务。
On the 4th of July the Vittorio Veneto, the Andrea Doria, the Stromboli logistical ship, and three helicopters sailed from Italy towards the south of Vietnam in what was the farthest mission that the Italian Navy had ever undertaken from the Second World War. After a brief stop in Singapore, where some information was gathered on what were the principal routes of the exodus, the “Gruppo Navale” (Taskforce) begins it’s search and rescue mission in the South Chinese Sea and in the south of the Siam Gulf. The ships were to sail 10 nautical miles from each other to ensure that the area of coverage was wider.
7月4日，“维托里奥·维内托”号、“安德烈亚·多里亚”号、“斯特龙博利”号补给舰以及三架直升机从意大利启航，前往越南南部。这是二战后意大利海军执行过的最远任务。在新加坡短暂停留期间，他们收集了有关难民逃亡主要路线的信息，随后这支“海军特遣队”开始在南海和暹罗湾南部执行搜救任务。舰艇之间保持10海里的间距航行，以确保覆盖更广泛的区域。
On the 26 a helicopter of the “Vittorio Veneto” localizes a drifting boat of 25 meters packed with refugees. Veneto ship heads immediately towards the location.
All the protocols to prevent any contagion were broken and, regardless of the danger, most of the crew threw themselves to help mostly elderly and children that were aboard the half-sunk boat.
26日，“维托里奥·维内托”号的一架直升机发现了一艘25米长的漂流船只，船上挤满了难民。“维内托”号立即驶向该地点。
所有预防传染病的规程都被抛在脑后，大多数船员不顾危险，全力救助那艘半沉没船只上的老人和儿童。
That day the navy saved 128 persons and after the first medical treatments, the stories that came out were extremely sad. This group of refugees said that they were 403 when they embarked from Vietnam. The day after they were attacked by pirates and a 20 years old girl fell and died between the to boats. They were brought near the Malaysian cost and were divided onboard of 5 boats. Afterward came in the Malaysian navy that towed the boats promising to bring them to an island where there was a refugee camp but instead, during the night, they cut the rope and left them adrift in the ocean.
Luckily one of the 5 boats was found by the Italian Navy.
那天，海军拯救了128人。经过初步治疗后，他们讲述的经历令人心碎。这群难民说，他们从越南出发时共有403人。启航后的第二天，他们遭到海盗袭击，一名20岁的女孩在两艘船之间坠落身亡。他们被带到马来西亚海岸附近，随后被分流到5艘船上。之后马来西亚海军赶来，拖走了这些船，并承诺将他们带到一个设有难民营的岛屿，但到了夜间，马来西亚海军却割断绳索，任由这些船在海上漂流。
幸运的是，这5艘船中有一艘被意大利海军发现。
The same day an offshore oil plant of ESSO reports on the SOS frequency that two boats full of refugees were adrift near it. The Doria ship heads towards the area and saves 68 lives. 35 men, 15 women, and 18 children.
On the 31 of July Veneto ship identifies and approaches a Malaysian patrol boat that is towing 4 small boats towards open seas. After the stories, everybody knew what would happen afterward.
同一天，埃索公司的一座海上石油平台通过紧急求救频道报告，附近有两艘载满难民的船只正在漂流。“多里亚”号驶向该区域，拯救了68条生命，其中包括35名男性、15名女性和18名儿童。
7月31日，“维内托”号发现一艘马来西亚巡逻艇正拖着4艘小船驶向公海。听过之前的难民遭遇后，所有人都清楚接下来会发生什么。
With a fast exchange of light signals, the Malaysians asked the Italian ship:
“ You want refugees?
The reply is “Affirmative”.
Other 319 souls were saved.
通过快速的灯光信号交流，马来西亚巡逻艇向意大利船只询问：
“你们要难民吗？”
回复是“是的”。
又有319人获救。
The following days after agreements between the Italians and Malaysians other refugees were transferred to the Grey ships of the Italian navy.
A total of 907 people where saved. Most of them suffering injuries, starvation and dehydration.
Most of them running from the “Gulag Camps” of the communist regime.
Running from Pirates.
Running from the people that they thought would save them.
在意大利和马来西亚达成协议后的几天里，其他难民也被转移到意大利海军的灰色舰艇上。
此次行动共拯救了907人，他们中的大多数人都受了伤，饱受饥饿和脱水之苦。
他们中的大多数人是为了逃离..主义政权的“古拉格集中营”，
逃离海盗的魔爪，
逃离那些他们曾以为会拯救自己的人。
On the way to the South Chinese sea, after long fleet exercise, the hot weather of the Red Sea and the devious monsoons of the Indian Ocean challenged the morale of the crew.
On the way back the morale was completely different after that the mission was accomplished and the refugees were on board and in good condition.
在前往南海的途中，经过长时间的舰队演习后，红海的炎热天气和印度洋变幻莫测的季风考验着船员们的士气。
而在返程途中，任务圆满完成，难民们安然在船上，船员们的士气截然不同。
Two days before arriving in Venice the Vietnamese gave a message:
“Admiral, Captain, Officers, Sailors: Thanks to every one of you that with Christian spirit sacrificed themselves for us day and night. You Italians have a good heart; nobody would have treated us how you did... We would have been dead and because of you we lived. This morning, on the flight deck, while we were watching the Italian coast a sweet breeze touched our face in a sign of welcome. That filled our hearts with hope. You are different. For you there exists somebody that suffers and for these cause you sacrificed yourselves.
抵达威尼斯前两天，越南难民们传递了这样一条信息：
“海军上将、舰长、军官们、水手们：感谢你们每一个人，以基督教的精神日夜为我们牺牲。你们意大利人心地善良，没有人会像你们这样对待我们……我们本会死去，是你们让我们活了下来。今天早上，在飞行甲板上，当我们眺望意大利海岸时，一阵微风拂过脸庞，仿佛是欢迎的信号。这让我们心中充满了希望。你们与众不同，你们在乎那些受苦的人，并为此牺牲了自己。”
The admiral Sergio Agostinelli, commander of the Taskforce answered this way:
“We are military men: they gave us a mission and we tried to accomplish it in the best way we could. We are happy to have saved you and so many children and to bring you in our country. Italy is a beautiful place even though sometimes the Italians have an agitated spirit. Marco Polo went to discover Asia with few people, you came here in our little world in many. Conserve the freedom you received.”
特遣队指挥官塞尔吉奥·阿戈斯蒂内利海军上将这样回应：
“我们是军人：上级赋予我们任务，我们就尽力以最好的方式完成。我们很高兴能拯救你们和这么多孩子，并把你们带到我们的国家。意大利是个美丽的地方，尽管有时意大利人性格急躁。马可·波罗曾带着少数人去探索亚洲，而你们许多人来到了我们这个小小的世界。请珍惜你们获得的自由。”
The majority of the Vietnamese settled in their new home. Some of them joined the Italian navy.
Meanwhile, the crews of the grey ships continued to sail the seas. In their minds the image of those days and in their hearts the joy that they did something good.
大多数越南难民在这个新家园定居下来，其中一些人还加入了意大利海军。
与此同时，那些灰色舰艇的船员们继续在海上航行。他们的脑海中留存着那些日子的画面，心中满是做了好事的喜悦。
Jaehan Park
Electrical Engineering/Interest in East Asian historyUpvoted by
电气工程/对东亚历史的兴趣
So in high school I was a part of the International Baccalaureate (IB) program and in this program we were required to write an independent research paper on any subject. One of my candidates for a research question was, “To what extent did Korea’s participation in Vietnam fuel its boom in economic growth?” (or something of the sorts).
I remember when my IB coordinator (who was also the teacher for the History of the Americas) was reviewing our research questions and he gave me a confused look stating, “wait… South Korea fought in Vietnam?” He was in complete disbelief.
高中时，我参加了国际文凭组织（IB）项目，这个项目要求我们就任意主题撰写一篇独立研究论文。我当时的研究选题之一是“韩国参与越南战争在多大程度上推动了其经济繁荣？”（大概是这个意思）。
我记得当时IB项目协调员（他也是美洲史老师）审核我们的研究选题时，一脸困惑地看着我说：“等等……韩国也参加越南战争了？”他完全不敢相信。
Indeed if South Korea had sent some ragtag force of a few thousand soldiers in Vietnam I wouldn’t have been so surprised at his response. But instead, Korea sent over 300,000 troops to Vietnam and at the zenith of Korea’s participation, it had around 50,000 soldiers fighting in Vietnam.
事实上，如果韩国只是向越南派遣了几千人的乌合之众，我对他的反应也不会这么惊讶。但实际情况是，韩国向越南派遣了超过30万名士兵，在参与力度的顶峰时期，约有5万名韩国士兵在越南作战。
In fact, South Korea was the largest anti-communist force in Vietnam other than the United States. Hence it was pretty confusing when my coordinator was aware of smaller forces like Australia but was completely oblivious to the participation of Koreans.
事实上，韩国是越南战争中除美国之外最大的反共产主义力量。因此，当我的协调员知道澳大利亚等规模更小的参战部队，却完全不知道韩国也参与其中时，我感到非常困惑。
Not only did Koreans partake in the war, but they performed quite outstandingly with a kill death ratio of 25:1 (the US had a kill death ratio of 10 or 9:1 I believe). There were many operations in which the White Horse or Tiger Divisions of the ROK managed to sustain little to no casualties while inflicted hundreds to even thousands of casualties on the Viet Cong and Viet Minh. These commandos ferocity and tenacity was so severe that the Viet higher command sent a message throughout the communist fighting force after the Tet Offensive “to not engage with South Korean forces unless victory was absolutely guaranteed.”
韩国不仅参与了战争，表现还相当出色，敌我伤亡比达到25:1（我记得美国的伤亡比约为10:1或9:1）。在许多行动中，韩国的白马师或猛虎师几乎没有伤亡，却给越共和越盟造成了数百甚至数千人的伤亡。这些突击队员的凶猛和坚韧令人胆寒，以至于越南高层指挥部在春节攻势后向所有共产主义作战部队下达指令：“除非绝对有把握获胜，否则不要与韩国军队交战。”
However, as Korea’s involvement in Vietnam is already little known, the atrocities and crimes the ROK military committed in Vietnam are all the more less known.
It cannot be denied that the Korean military committed unthinkable crimes against the Vietnamese people. They committed around 50 massacres and there are countless accounts of rape and murder of women and children.
然而，由于韩国参与越南战争本身就鲜为人知，韩国军队在越南犯下的暴行和罪行就更不为人知了。
不可否认的是，韩国军队对越南人民犯下了令人发指的罪行。他们制造了约50起大屠杀，强奸和杀害妇女儿童的事件更是数不胜数。
From anecdotal experience, my friend’s grandfather told me his comrade would cut off ears and noses as war trophies. My other friend’s father told me that my friend’s grandfather was a serving officer in Vietnam; he recounted that the Vietnamese were “scared sh*tless of the Koreans, even more than the Americans.” The Korean military had little regard for human life and would execute entire civilian villages that were suspected of VC and NVA cooperation. The ROK military’s brutality and fighting tenacity ironically reminded me of that of the Imperial Japanese military’s in the Second World War: which comes as no surprise as many Korean military leaders instated by the US after liberation were actually Japanese Imperial officers during colonial rule.
根据一些轶事，我朋友的祖父曾告诉我，他的战友会割下敌人的耳朵和鼻子作为战争战利品。另一个朋友的父亲说，他的祖父曾是驻越南的军官，据他回忆，越南人“怕韩国人怕得要死，甚至比怕美国人还厉害”。韩国军队毫不尊重生命，会处决所有被怀疑与越共、北越军队合作的平民村庄。具有讽刺意味的是，韩国军队的残暴和作战韧性让我想起了二战中的日本帝国军队——这并不奇怪，因为韩国解放后由美国任命的许多军事领导人，实际上在殖民统治时期曾是日本帝国军官。
While Korea has apologized for its crimes and has even built a war memorial commemorating the innocent Vietnamese lives slaughtered by the Korean military, I still believe that Korea’s crimes are not fully shown in their true light. Knowledge of our participation and brutal role in this war is far too obscure in the textbooks of the West.
尽管韩国已经为其罪行道歉，甚至建立了战争纪念碑，纪念被韩国军队杀害的无辜越南人，但我仍然认为，韩国的罪行并未完全被揭露其真相。在西方的教科书中，关于韩国参与这场战争及其残暴角色的认知太过模糊。
评论翻译
越南战争中那些如今无人提及的往事
What happened during the Vietnam War that nobody talks about today?
Nikola Consoli
业余历史学家、电子商务专家
Technically it happened after the war.
The war officially ended in 1975 and the South Vietnamese people were paying a high price during the consequent reunification of the country. South Vietnam was transforming itself in a nightmare where executions and persecutions became a daily routine.
It was hell on earth.
严格来说，这件事发生在战争结束后。
战争于1975年正式结束，南越人民在随后的国家统一过程中付出了沉重代价。南越变成了一场噩梦，处决和迫害成为日常。
那简直是人间地狱。
As the situation was growing more desperate, the inhabitants of the defeated nation tried to escape in different ways and one of them was through the South Chinese sea.
Fishing boats and different kinds of floating vessels were used to sail the seas in one last attempt to reach neighboring countries and save their lives from the devastation that once was home. But the dangers weren’t over. Sea storms, starvation and predatory attacks from pirates made the struggle of these people even harder. As this wasn’t enough many countries of the South China sea refused to accept the refugees.
These were the boat people.
随着局势愈发绝望，这个战败国家的居民尝试通过各种方式逃离，其中一种便是穿越南海。
他们乘坐渔船和各类漂浮船只出海，做最后一搏，希望抵达邻国，从这片已然满目疮痍的故土中保住性命。但危险并未结束，海上风暴、饥饿以及海盗的掠夺性袭击，让这些人的逃亡之路更加艰难。更糟的是，许多南海周边国家拒绝接纳这些难民。
他们就是“船民”。
In 1979 as the world was shocked watching images of the sufferings that these people were enduring, the public opinion mobilized itself in putting pressure upon the leaders of the European and world countries. On the European side, the unlocking of the situation came from the Italian president, Sandro Pertini, a socialist and partizan veteran from the second world war, that in front of those images could not stay still. After a consultation with the government, he gave the order to the navy that everybody was waiting: “ Go and save those people”.
1979年，当全世界看到这些人遭受苦难的画面时都为之震惊，公众舆论开始向欧洲各国及世界各国领导人施压。在欧洲方面，打破僵局的是意大利总统桑德罗·佩尔蒂尼——一位社会主义者、二战 partisan 老兵，他在这些画面面前无法坐视不理。与政府协商后，他向海军下达了所有人都在等待的命令：“去拯救那些人。”
On the 27 of June 1979 abord two Italian cruisers came the order to sail back into their respective bases and to stock up the material and all the necessities for the mission ahead. It was named “Operazione Vietnam”, with the precise task of bringing help to the stranded Vietnamese refugees and to bring back in Italy whoever by their own choice wanted to.
Some of the crew had to get married and some could have spent some time with their loved ones because they were supposed to go in leave, but everyone worked with a positive attitude and embarked on the mission without regrets.
1979年6月27日，两艘意大利巡洋舰接到命令返回各自基地，储备物资及此次任务所需的一切必需品。这项任务被命名为“越南行动”，具体任务是为滞留的越南难民提供援助，并将所有自愿前往意大利的难民接回该国。
部分船员本应休假，有的要结婚，有的想陪伴亲人，但所有人都态度积极，毫无怨言地投身于这项任务。
On the 4th of July the Vittorio Veneto, the Andrea Doria, the Stromboli logistical ship, and three helicopters sailed from Italy towards the south of Vietnam in what was the farthest mission that the Italian Navy had ever undertaken from the Second World War. After a brief stop in Singapore, where some information was gathered on what were the principal routes of the exodus, the “Gruppo Navale” (Taskforce) begins it’s search and rescue mission in the South Chinese Sea and in the south of the Siam Gulf. The ships were to sail 10 nautical miles from each other to ensure that the area of coverage was wider.
7月4日，“维托里奥·维内托”号、“安德烈亚·多里亚”号、“斯特龙博利”号补给舰以及三架直升机从意大利启航，前往越南南部。这是二战后意大利海军执行过的最远任务。在新加坡短暂停留期间，他们收集了有关难民逃亡主要路线的信息，随后这支“海军特遣队”开始在南海和暹罗湾南部执行搜救任务。舰艇之间保持10海里的间距航行，以确保覆盖更广泛的区域。
On the 26 a helicopter of the “Vittorio Veneto” localizes a drifting boat of 25 meters packed with refugees. Veneto ship heads immediately towards the location.
All the protocols to prevent any contagion were broken and, regardless of the danger, most of the crew threw themselves to help mostly elderly and children that were aboard the half-sunk boat.
26日，“维托里奥·维内托”号的一架直升机发现了一艘25米长的漂流船只，船上挤满了难民。“维内托”号立即驶向该地点。
所有预防传染病的规程都被抛在脑后，大多数船员不顾危险，全力救助那艘半沉没船只上的老人和儿童。
That day the navy saved 128 persons and after the first medical treatments, the stories that came out were extremely sad. This group of refugees said that they were 403 when they embarked from Vietnam. The day after they were attacked by pirates and a 20 years old girl fell and died between the to boats. They were brought near the Malaysian cost and were divided onboard of 5 boats. Afterward came in the Malaysian navy that towed the boats promising to bring them to an island where there was a refugee camp but instead, during the night, they cut the rope and left them adrift in the ocean.
Luckily one of the 5 boats was found by the Italian Navy.
那天，海军拯救了128人。经过初步治疗后，他们讲述的经历令人心碎。这群难民说，他们从越南出发时共有403人。启航后的第二天，他们遭到海盗袭击，一名20岁的女孩在两艘船之间坠落身亡。他们被带到马来西亚海岸附近，随后被分流到5艘船上。之后马来西亚海军赶来，拖走了这些船，并承诺将他们带到一个设有难民营的岛屿，但到了夜间，马来西亚海军却割断绳索，任由这些船在海上漂流。
幸运的是，这5艘船中有一艘被意大利海军发现。
The same day an offshore oil plant of ESSO reports on the SOS frequency that two boats full of refugees were adrift near it. The Doria ship heads towards the area and saves 68 lives. 35 men, 15 women, and 18 children.
On the 31 of July Veneto ship identifies and approaches a Malaysian patrol boat that is towing 4 small boats towards open seas. After the stories, everybody knew what would happen afterward.
同一天，埃索公司的一座海上石油平台通过紧急求救频道报告，附近有两艘载满难民的船只正在漂流。“多里亚”号驶向该区域，拯救了68条生命，其中包括35名男性、15名女性和18名儿童。
7月31日，“维内托”号发现一艘马来西亚巡逻艇正拖着4艘小船驶向公海。听过之前的难民遭遇后，所有人都清楚接下来会发生什么。
With a fast exchange of light signals, the Malaysians asked the Italian ship:
“ You want refugees?
The reply is “Affirmative”.
Other 319 souls were saved.
通过快速的灯光信号交流，马来西亚巡逻艇向意大利船只询问：
“你们要难民吗？”
回复是“是的”。
又有319人获救。
The following days after agreements between the Italians and Malaysians other refugees were transferred to the Grey ships of the Italian navy.
A total of 907 people where saved. Most of them suffering injuries, starvation and dehydration.
Most of them running from the “Gulag Camps” of the communist regime.
Running from Pirates.
Running from the people that they thought would save them.
在意大利和马来西亚达成协议后的几天里，其他难民也被转移到意大利海军的灰色舰艇上。
此次行动共拯救了907人，他们中的大多数人都受了伤，饱受饥饿和脱水之苦。
他们中的大多数人是为了逃离..主义政权的“古拉格集中营”，
逃离海盗的魔爪，
逃离那些他们曾以为会拯救自己的人。
On the way to the South Chinese sea, after long fleet exercise, the hot weather of the Red Sea and the devious monsoons of the Indian Ocean challenged the morale of the crew.
On the way back the morale was completely different after that the mission was accomplished and the refugees were on board and in good condition.
在前往南海的途中，经过长时间的舰队演习后，红海的炎热天气和印度洋变幻莫测的季风考验着船员们的士气。
而在返程途中，任务圆满完成，难民们安然在船上，船员们的士气截然不同。
Two days before arriving in Venice the Vietnamese gave a message:
“Admiral, Captain, Officers, Sailors: Thanks to every one of you that with Christian spirit sacrificed themselves for us day and night. You Italians have a good heart; nobody would have treated us how you did... We would have been dead and because of you we lived. This morning, on the flight deck, while we were watching the Italian coast a sweet breeze touched our face in a sign of welcome. That filled our hearts with hope. You are different. For you there exists somebody that suffers and for these cause you sacrificed yourselves.
抵达威尼斯前两天，越南难民们传递了这样一条信息：
“海军上将、舰长、军官们、水手们：感谢你们每一个人，以基督教的精神日夜为我们牺牲。你们意大利人心地善良，没有人会像你们这样对待我们……我们本会死去，是你们让我们活了下来。今天早上，在飞行甲板上，当我们眺望意大利海岸时，一阵微风拂过脸庞，仿佛是欢迎的信号。这让我们心中充满了希望。你们与众不同，你们在乎那些受苦的人，并为此牺牲了自己。”
The admiral Sergio Agostinelli, commander of the Taskforce answered this way:
“We are military men: they gave us a mission and we tried to accomplish it in the best way we could. We are happy to have saved you and so many children and to bring you in our country. Italy is a beautiful place even though sometimes the Italians have an agitated spirit. Marco Polo went to discover Asia with few people, you came here in our little world in many. Conserve the freedom you received.”
特遣队指挥官塞尔吉奥·阿戈斯蒂内利海军上将这样回应：
“我们是军人：上级赋予我们任务，我们就尽力以最好的方式完成。我们很高兴能拯救你们和这么多孩子，并把你们带到我们的国家。意大利是个美丽的地方，尽管有时意大利人性格急躁。马可·波罗曾带着少数人去探索亚洲，而你们许多人来到了我们这个小小的世界。请珍惜你们获得的自由。”
The majority of the Vietnamese settled in their new home. Some of them joined the Italian navy.
Meanwhile, the crews of the grey ships continued to sail the seas. In their minds the image of those days and in their hearts the joy that they did something good.
大多数越南难民在这个新家园定居下来，其中一些人还加入了意大利海军。
与此同时，那些灰色舰艇的船员们继续在海上航行。他们的脑海中留存着那些日子的画面，心中满是做了好事的喜悦。
Jaehan Park
Electrical Engineering/Interest in East Asian historyUpvoted by
电气工程/对东亚历史的兴趣
So in high school I was a part of the International Baccalaureate (IB) program and in this program we were required to write an independent research paper on any subject. One of my candidates for a research question was, “To what extent did Korea’s participation in Vietnam fuel its boom in economic growth?” (or something of the sorts).
I remember when my IB coordinator (who was also the teacher for the History of the Americas) was reviewing our research questions and he gave me a confused look stating, “wait… South Korea fought in Vietnam?” He was in complete disbelief.
高中时，我参加了国际文凭组织（IB）项目，这个项目要求我们就任意主题撰写一篇独立研究论文。我当时的研究选题之一是“韩国参与越南战争在多大程度上推动了其经济繁荣？”（大概是这个意思）。
我记得当时IB项目协调员（他也是美洲史老师）审核我们的研究选题时，一脸困惑地看着我说：“等等……韩国也参加越南战争了？”他完全不敢相信。
Indeed if South Korea had sent some ragtag force of a few thousand soldiers in Vietnam I wouldn’t have been so surprised at his response. But instead, Korea sent over 300,000 troops to Vietnam and at the zenith of Korea’s participation, it had around 50,000 soldiers fighting in Vietnam.
事实上，如果韩国只是向越南派遣了几千人的乌合之众，我对他的反应也不会这么惊讶。但实际情况是，韩国向越南派遣了超过30万名士兵，在参与力度的顶峰时期，约有5万名韩国士兵在越南作战。
In fact, South Korea was the largest anti-communist force in Vietnam other than the United States. Hence it was pretty confusing when my coordinator was aware of smaller forces like Australia but was completely oblivious to the participation of Koreans.
事实上，韩国是越南战争中除美国之外最大的反共产主义力量。因此，当我的协调员知道澳大利亚等规模更小的参战部队，却完全不知道韩国也参与其中时，我感到非常困惑。
Not only did Koreans partake in the war, but they performed quite outstandingly with a kill death ratio of 25:1 (the US had a kill death ratio of 10 or 9:1 I believe). There were many operations in which the White Horse or Tiger Divisions of the ROK managed to sustain little to no casualties while inflicted hundreds to even thousands of casualties on the Viet Cong and Viet Minh. These commandos ferocity and tenacity was so severe that the Viet higher command sent a message throughout the communist fighting force after the Tet Offensive “to not engage with South Korean forces unless victory was absolutely guaranteed.”
韩国不仅参与了战争，表现还相当出色，敌我伤亡比达到25:1（我记得美国的伤亡比约为10:1或9:1）。在许多行动中，韩国的白马师或猛虎师几乎没有伤亡，却给越共和越盟造成了数百甚至数千人的伤亡。这些突击队员的凶猛和坚韧令人胆寒，以至于越南高层指挥部在春节攻势后向所有共产主义作战部队下达指令：“除非绝对有把握获胜，否则不要与韩国军队交战。”
However, as Korea’s involvement in Vietnam is already little known, the atrocities and crimes the ROK military committed in Vietnam are all the more less known.
It cannot be denied that the Korean military committed unthinkable crimes against the Vietnamese people. They committed around 50 massacres and there are countless accounts of rape and murder of women and children.
然而，由于韩国参与越南战争本身就鲜为人知，韩国军队在越南犯下的暴行和罪行就更不为人知了。
不可否认的是，韩国军队对越南人民犯下了令人发指的罪行。他们制造了约50起大屠杀，强奸和杀害妇女儿童的事件更是数不胜数。
From anecdotal experience, my friend’s grandfather told me his comrade would cut off ears and noses as war trophies. My other friend’s father told me that my friend’s grandfather was a serving officer in Vietnam; he recounted that the Vietnamese were “scared sh*tless of the Koreans, even more than the Americans.” The Korean military had little regard for human life and would execute entire civilian villages that were suspected of VC and NVA cooperation. The ROK military’s brutality and fighting tenacity ironically reminded me of that of the Imperial Japanese military’s in the Second World War: which comes as no surprise as many Korean military leaders instated by the US after liberation were actually Japanese Imperial officers during colonial rule.
根据一些轶事，我朋友的祖父曾告诉我，他的战友会割下敌人的耳朵和鼻子作为战争战利品。另一个朋友的父亲说，他的祖父曾是驻越南的军官，据他回忆，越南人“怕韩国人怕得要死，甚至比怕美国人还厉害”。韩国军队毫不尊重生命，会处决所有被怀疑与越共、北越军队合作的平民村庄。具有讽刺意味的是，韩国军队的残暴和作战韧性让我想起了二战中的日本帝国军队——这并不奇怪，因为韩国解放后由美国任命的许多军事领导人，实际上在殖民统治时期曾是日本帝国军官。
While Korea has apologized for its crimes and has even built a war memorial commemorating the innocent Vietnamese lives slaughtered by the Korean military, I still believe that Korea’s crimes are not fully shown in their true light. Knowledge of our participation and brutal role in this war is far too obscure in the textbooks of the West.
尽管韩国已经为其罪行道歉，甚至建立了战争纪念碑，纪念被韩国军队杀害的无辜越南人，但我仍然认为，韩国的罪行并未完全被揭露其真相。在西方的教科书中，关于韩国参与这场战争及其残暴角色的认知太过模糊。
What happened during the Vietnam War that nobody talks about today?
Nikola Consoli
业余历史学家、电子商务专家
Technically it happened after the war.
The war officially ended in 1975 and the South Vietnamese people were paying a high price during the consequent reunification of the country. South Vietnam was transforming itself in a nightmare where executions and persecutions became a daily routine.
It was hell on earth.
严格来说，这件事发生在战争结束后。
战争于1975年正式结束，南越人民在随后的国家统一过程中付出了沉重代价。南越变成了一场噩梦，处决和迫害成为日常。
那简直是人间地狱。
As the situation was growing more desperate, the inhabitants of the defeated nation tried to escape in different ways and one of them was through the South Chinese sea.
Fishing boats and different kinds of floating vessels were used to sail the seas in one last attempt to reach neighboring countries and save their lives from the devastation that once was home. But the dangers weren’t over. Sea storms, starvation and predatory attacks from pirates made the struggle of these people even harder. As this wasn’t enough many countries of the South China sea refused to accept the refugees.
These were the boat people.
随着局势愈发绝望，这个战败国家的居民尝试通过各种方式逃离，其中一种便是穿越南海。
他们乘坐渔船和各类漂浮船只出海，做最后一搏，希望抵达邻国，从这片已然满目疮痍的故土中保住性命。但危险并未结束，海上风暴、饥饿以及海盗的掠夺性袭击，让这些人的逃亡之路更加艰难。更糟的是，许多南海周边国家拒绝接纳这些难民。
他们就是“船民”。
In 1979 as the world was shocked watching images of the sufferings that these people were enduring, the public opinion mobilized itself in putting pressure upon the leaders of the European and world countries. On the European side, the unlocking of the situation came from the Italian president, Sandro Pertini, a socialist and partizan veteran from the second world war, that in front of those images could not stay still. After a consultation with the government, he gave the order to the navy that everybody was waiting: “ Go and save those people”.
1979年，当全世界看到这些人遭受苦难的画面时都为之震惊，公众舆论开始向欧洲各国及世界各国领导人施压。在欧洲方面，打破僵局的是意大利总统桑德罗·佩尔蒂尼——一位社会主义者、二战 partisan 老兵，他在这些画面面前无法坐视不理。与政府协商后，他向海军下达了所有人都在等待的命令：“去拯救那些人。”
On the 27 of June 1979 abord two Italian cruisers came the order to sail back into their respective bases and to stock up the material and all the necessities for the mission ahead. It was named “Operazione Vietnam”, with the precise task of bringing help to the stranded Vietnamese refugees and to bring back in Italy whoever by their own choice wanted to.
Some of the crew had to get married and some could have spent some time with their loved ones because they were supposed to go in leave, but everyone worked with a positive attitude and embarked on the mission without regrets.
1979年6月27日，两艘意大利巡洋舰接到命令返回各自基地，储备物资及此次任务所需的一切必需品。这项任务被命名为“越南行动”，具体任务是为滞留的越南难民提供援助，并将所有自愿前往意大利的难民接回该国。
部分船员本应休假，有的要结婚，有的想陪伴亲人，但所有人都态度积极，毫无怨言地投身于这项任务。
On the 4th of July the Vittorio Veneto, the Andrea Doria, the Stromboli logistical ship, and three helicopters sailed from Italy towards the south of Vietnam in what was the farthest mission that the Italian Navy had ever undertaken from the Second World War. After a brief stop in Singapore, where some information was gathered on what were the principal routes of the exodus, the “Gruppo Navale” (Taskforce) begins it’s search and rescue mission in the South Chinese Sea and in the south of the Siam Gulf. The ships were to sail 10 nautical miles from each other to ensure that the area of coverage was wider.
7月4日，“维托里奥·维内托”号、“安德烈亚·多里亚”号、“斯特龙博利”号补给舰以及三架直升机从意大利启航，前往越南南部。这是二战后意大利海军执行过的最远任务。在新加坡短暂停留期间，他们收集了有关难民逃亡主要路线的信息，随后这支“海军特遣队”开始在南海和暹罗湾南部执行搜救任务。舰艇之间保持10海里的间距航行，以确保覆盖更广泛的区域。
On the 26 a helicopter of the “Vittorio Veneto” localizes a drifting boat of 25 meters packed with refugees. Veneto ship heads immediately towards the location.
All the protocols to prevent any contagion were broken and, regardless of the danger, most of the crew threw themselves to help mostly elderly and children that were aboard the half-sunk boat.
26日，“维托里奥·维内托”号的一架直升机发现了一艘25米长的漂流船只，船上挤满了难民。“维内托”号立即驶向该地点。
所有预防传染病的规程都被抛在脑后，大多数船员不顾危险，全力救助那艘半沉没船只上的老人和儿童。
That day the navy saved 128 persons and after the first medical treatments, the stories that came out were extremely sad. This group of refugees said that they were 403 when they embarked from Vietnam. The day after they were attacked by pirates and a 20 years old girl fell and died between the to boats. They were brought near the Malaysian cost and were divided onboard of 5 boats. Afterward came in the Malaysian navy that towed the boats promising to bring them to an island where there was a refugee camp but instead, during the night, they cut the rope and left them adrift in the ocean.
Luckily one of the 5 boats was found by the Italian Navy.
那天，海军拯救了128人。经过初步治疗后，他们讲述的经历令人心碎。这群难民说，他们从越南出发时共有403人。启航后的第二天，他们遭到海盗袭击，一名20岁的女孩在两艘船之间坠落身亡。他们被带到马来西亚海岸附近，随后被分流到5艘船上。之后马来西亚海军赶来，拖走了这些船，并承诺将他们带到一个设有难民营的岛屿，但到了夜间，马来西亚海军却割断绳索，任由这些船在海上漂流。
幸运的是，这5艘船中有一艘被意大利海军发现。
The same day an offshore oil plant of ESSO reports on the SOS frequency that two boats full of refugees were adrift near it. The Doria ship heads towards the area and saves 68 lives. 35 men, 15 women, and 18 children.
On the 31 of July Veneto ship identifies and approaches a Malaysian patrol boat that is towing 4 small boats towards open seas. After the stories, everybody knew what would happen afterward.
同一天，埃索公司的一座海上石油平台通过紧急求救频道报告，附近有两艘载满难民的船只正在漂流。“多里亚”号驶向该区域，拯救了68条生命，其中包括35名男性、15名女性和18名儿童。
7月31日，“维内托”号发现一艘马来西亚巡逻艇正拖着4艘小船驶向公海。听过之前的难民遭遇后，所有人都清楚接下来会发生什么。
With a fast exchange of light signals, the Malaysians asked the Italian ship:
“ You want refugees?
The reply is “Affirmative”.
Other 319 souls were saved.
通过快速的灯光信号交流，马来西亚巡逻艇向意大利船只询问：
“你们要难民吗？”
回复是“是的”。
又有319人获救。
The following days after agreements between the Italians and Malaysians other refugees were transferred to the Grey ships of the Italian navy.
A total of 907 people where saved. Most of them suffering injuries, starvation and dehydration.
Most of them running from the “Gulag Camps” of the communist regime.
Running from Pirates.
Running from the people that they thought would save them.
在意大利和马来西亚达成协议后的几天里，其他难民也被转移到意大利海军的灰色舰艇上。
此次行动共拯救了907人，他们中的大多数人都受了伤，饱受饥饿和脱水之苦。
他们中的大多数人是为了逃离..主义政权的“古拉格集中营”，
逃离海盗的魔爪，
逃离那些他们曾以为会拯救自己的人。
On the way to the South Chinese sea, after long fleet exercise, the hot weather of the Red Sea and the devious monsoons of the Indian Ocean challenged the morale of the crew.
On the way back the morale was completely different after that the mission was accomplished and the refugees were on board and in good condition.
在前往南海的途中，经过长时间的舰队演习后，红海的炎热天气和印度洋变幻莫测的季风考验着船员们的士气。
而在返程途中，任务圆满完成，难民们安然在船上，船员们的士气截然不同。
Two days before arriving in Venice the Vietnamese gave a message:
“Admiral, Captain, Officers, Sailors: Thanks to every one of you that with Christian spirit sacrificed themselves for us day and night. You Italians have a good heart; nobody would have treated us how you did... We would have been dead and because of you we lived. This morning, on the flight deck, while we were watching the Italian coast a sweet breeze touched our face in a sign of welcome. That filled our hearts with hope. You are different. For you there exists somebody that suffers and for these cause you sacrificed yourselves.
抵达威尼斯前两天，越南难民们传递了这样一条信息：
“海军上将、舰长、军官们、水手们：感谢你们每一个人，以基督教的精神日夜为我们牺牲。你们意大利人心地善良，没有人会像你们这样对待我们……我们本会死去，是你们让我们活了下来。今天早上，在飞行甲板上，当我们眺望意大利海岸时，一阵微风拂过脸庞，仿佛是欢迎的信号。这让我们心中充满了希望。你们与众不同，你们在乎那些受苦的人，并为此牺牲了自己。”
The admiral Sergio Agostinelli, commander of the Taskforce answered this way:
“We are military men: they gave us a mission and we tried to accomplish it in the best way we could. We are happy to have saved you and so many children and to bring you in our country. Italy is a beautiful place even though sometimes the Italians have an agitated spirit. Marco Polo went to discover Asia with few people, you came here in our little world in many. Conserve the freedom you received.”
特遣队指挥官塞尔吉奥·阿戈斯蒂内利海军上将这样回应：
“我们是军人：上级赋予我们任务，我们就尽力以最好的方式完成。我们很高兴能拯救你们和这么多孩子，并把你们带到我们的国家。意大利是个美丽的地方，尽管有时意大利人性格急躁。马可·波罗曾带着少数人去探索亚洲，而你们许多人来到了我们这个小小的世界。请珍惜你们获得的自由。”
The majority of the Vietnamese settled in their new home. Some of them joined the Italian navy.
Meanwhile, the crews of the grey ships continued to sail the seas. In their minds the image of those days and in their hearts the joy that they did something good.
大多数越南难民在这个新家园定居下来，其中一些人还加入了意大利海军。
与此同时，那些灰色舰艇的船员们继续在海上航行。他们的脑海中留存着那些日子的画面，心中满是做了好事的喜悦。
Jaehan Park
Electrical Engineering/Interest in East Asian historyUpvoted by
电气工程/对东亚历史的兴趣
So in high school I was a part of the International Baccalaureate (IB) program and in this program we were required to write an independent research paper on any subject. One of my candidates for a research question was, “To what extent did Korea’s participation in Vietnam fuel its boom in economic growth?” (or something of the sorts).
I remember when my IB coordinator (who was also the teacher for the History of the Americas) was reviewing our research questions and he gave me a confused look stating, “wait… South Korea fought in Vietnam?” He was in complete disbelief.
高中时，我参加了国际文凭组织（IB）项目，这个项目要求我们就任意主题撰写一篇独立研究论文。我当时的研究选题之一是“韩国参与越南战争在多大程度上推动了其经济繁荣？”（大概是这个意思）。
我记得当时IB项目协调员（他也是美洲史老师）审核我们的研究选题时，一脸困惑地看着我说：“等等……韩国也参加越南战争了？”他完全不敢相信。
Indeed if South Korea had sent some ragtag force of a few thousand soldiers in Vietnam I wouldn’t have been so surprised at his response. But instead, Korea sent over 300,000 troops to Vietnam and at the zenith of Korea’s participation, it had around 50,000 soldiers fighting in Vietnam.
事实上，如果韩国只是向越南派遣了几千人的乌合之众，我对他的反应也不会这么惊讶。但实际情况是，韩国向越南派遣了超过30万名士兵，在参与力度的顶峰时期，约有5万名韩国士兵在越南作战。
In fact, South Korea was the largest anti-communist force in Vietnam other than the United States. Hence it was pretty confusing when my coordinator was aware of smaller forces like Australia but was completely oblivious to the participation of Koreans.
事实上，韩国是越南战争中除美国之外最大的反共产主义力量。因此，当我的协调员知道澳大利亚等规模更小的参战部队，却完全不知道韩国也参与其中时，我感到非常困惑。
Not only did Koreans partake in the war, but they performed quite outstandingly with a kill death ratio of 25:1 (the US had a kill death ratio of 10 or 9:1 I believe). There were many operations in which the White Horse or Tiger Divisions of the ROK managed to sustain little to no casualties while inflicted hundreds to even thousands of casualties on the Viet Cong and Viet Minh. These commandos ferocity and tenacity was so severe that the Viet higher command sent a message throughout the communist fighting force after the Tet Offensive “to not engage with South Korean forces unless victory was absolutely guaranteed.”
韩国不仅参与了战争，表现还相当出色，敌我伤亡比达到25:1（我记得美国的伤亡比约为10:1或9:1）。在许多行动中，韩国的白马师或猛虎师几乎没有伤亡，却给越共和越盟造成了数百甚至数千人的伤亡。这些突击队员的凶猛和坚韧令人胆寒，以至于越南高层指挥部在春节攻势后向所有共产主义作战部队下达指令：“除非绝对有把握获胜，否则不要与韩国军队交战。”
However, as Korea’s involvement in Vietnam is already little known, the atrocities and crimes the ROK military committed in Vietnam are all the more less known.
It cannot be denied that the Korean military committed unthinkable crimes against the Vietnamese people. They committed around 50 massacres and there are countless accounts of rape and murder of women and children.
然而，由于韩国参与越南战争本身就鲜为人知，韩国军队在越南犯下的暴行和罪行就更不为人知了。
不可否认的是，韩国军队对越南人民犯下了令人发指的罪行。他们制造了约50起大屠杀，强奸和杀害妇女儿童的事件更是数不胜数。
From anecdotal experience, my friend’s grandfather told me his comrade would cut off ears and noses as war trophies. My other friend’s father told me that my friend’s grandfather was a serving officer in Vietnam; he recounted that the Vietnamese were “scared sh*tless of the Koreans, even more than the Americans.” The Korean military had little regard for human life and would execute entire civilian villages that were suspected of VC and NVA cooperation. The ROK military’s brutality and fighting tenacity ironically reminded me of that of the Imperial Japanese military’s in the Second World War: which comes as no surprise as many Korean military leaders instated by the US after liberation were actually Japanese Imperial officers during colonial rule.
根据一些轶事，我朋友的祖父曾告诉我，他的战友会割下敌人的耳朵和鼻子作为战争战利品。另一个朋友的父亲说，他的祖父曾是驻越南的军官，据他回忆，越南人“怕韩国人怕得要死，甚至比怕美国人还厉害”。韩国军队毫不尊重生命，会处决所有被怀疑与越共、北越军队合作的平民村庄。具有讽刺意味的是，韩国军队的残暴和作战韧性让我想起了二战中的日本帝国军队——这并不奇怪，因为韩国解放后由美国任命的许多军事领导人，实际上在殖民统治时期曾是日本帝国军官。
While Korea has apologized for its crimes and has even built a war memorial commemorating the innocent Vietnamese lives slaughtered by the Korean military, I still believe that Korea’s crimes are not fully shown in their true light. Knowledge of our participation and brutal role in this war is far too obscure in the textbooks of the West.
尽管韩国已经为其罪行道歉，甚至建立了战争纪念碑，纪念被韩国军队杀害的无辜越南人，但我仍然认为，韩国的罪行并未完全被揭露其真相。在西方的教科书中，关于韩国参与这场战争及其残暴角色的认知太过模糊。
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