马来西亚被认为是第三世界国家还是第二世界国家?
2024-04-21 不要可乐 6619
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Sven Jeske
There are actually quite a lot of things to unpack in this question. There is a final and unequivocal answer what to consider Malaysia as - I’ll get to this at the very end of the post.

这个问题实际上有很多方面需要解开。关于将马来西亚归类为什么类型的最终和明确答案 - 我将在帖子末尾给出。

But first, the division of First, Second and Third World is not what many people think it is. It stems from the Cold War era, in which countries aligned with USA/NATO were called First World, countries aligned with the Soviet unx/Warsaw Pact the Second World. And then there were countries not aligned with either side - and those were labeled as Third World.

但首先,第一、第二和第三世界的划分并不是许多人认为的那样。它源自于冷战时期,当时与美国/北约结盟的国家被称为第一世界,与苏联/华约结盟的国家被称为第二世界。然后还有一些既不与美方也不与苏方结盟的国家 - 这些被称为第三世界。

Now, a lot of those unaligned countries were former colonies just having got their independence and being rather poor. Following that, it became colloquial use to say “Third World” when talking about relatively poor, developing countries. Even though, again, this is completely not what the term means.

现在,很多这些未结盟的国家都是刚刚获得独立并且相当贫穷的前殖民地。因此,当谈论相对贫穷的发展中国家时,“第三世界”这个词变得很通俗。尽管如此,这完全不是该术语的含义。

And after the fall of the Soviet unx in 1990, those three categories became completely useless anyway. So, the United Nations introduced another concept of labeling - the Global North and Global South.

在1990年苏联解体后,这三个分类完全变得无用了。因此,联合国引入了另一个标签概念 - 全球北方和全球南方。
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


This was based on an 80s report by an independent international commission, the Brandt Report, which had drawn a clean geographic line between developed and developing countries:

这是基于一个80年代的报告,由一个独立的国际委员会——布兰特报告所提出的,该报告在发达国家和发展中国家之间划定了清晰的地理界线。

The UN made just two small changes to the Brandt line, placing South Korea and Israel to the Global North.

联合国只对布兰特线做了两个小的修改,将韩国和以色列归为全球北方。

Still, if you have a bit of geographic and economic knowledge, there are a number of … oddities with this Global North and South category. One really glaring one would be Singapore; Singapore’s GDP per capita is higher (therefore the country could be considered “more rich”) than freaking Switzerland. The Human Development Index of Singapore is higher than the US one. In the Human Capital Index, Singapore is actually number one worldwide.

然而,如果你有一些地理和经济知识,你会发现全球北方和南方这一类别存在一些... 奇怪的地方。一个非常明显的例子是新加坡;新加坡的人均国内生产总值(GDP)比瑞士还要高(因此该国可以被认为是“更富裕的”),新加坡的人类发展指数(HDI)也比美国更高。在人力资本指数方面,新加坡实际上是全球排名第一。

Other countries that don’t really fit would be some of the oil monarchies, like Qatar and the UAE. And some like Turkey and Malaysia are as well in “grey territory”. And … what is China making there? I mean, China is telling everybody who wants to hear it and those who do not as well, that it is the new world leader in basically everything including high technology. And still they are among the “developing” countries?

其他一些不太合适的国家包括一些石油君主制国家,如卡塔尔和阿联酋。还有一些国家,如土耳其和马来西亚,也处于“灰色地带”。那么... 中国在这方面做了什么?我的意思是,中国告诉所有想听的人,以及那些不想听的人,它是包括高技术在内的基本上所有领域的新世界领导者。但它仍然被归类为“发展中国家”?

The UN had to concede that their categorisation actually is not about solely the current state of economic and socioeconomic affairs, but takes into account the history of that country. That is, if it was once poor, then it is still there. But again, this makes no sense - if a developing country develops and develops and develops until it is better than longtime developed countries, but it still considered “developing” … then what’s the point of all this?

联合国不得不承认,他们的分类实际上不仅仅是关于当前经济和社会经济事务的状态,而是考虑了该国的历史。也就是说,如果一个国家曾经贫穷,那么它现在仍然是如此。但是再次强调,这毫无意义 - 如果一个发展中国家不断发展,直到超过长期发达国家,但它仍然被视为“发展中”,那么这一切有什么意义呢?
原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


In 2021, the UN acknowledged all this and decided to abolish the whole Global North, Global South, Developed and Developing country concept completely. There are a number of categorisations that are four- or five- or six-tiered and have the huge advantage of actually making sense.

在2021年,联合国承认了所有这些问题,并决定彻底废除整个全球北方、全球南方、发达国家和发展中国家的概念。有许多分类是四级、五级或六级的,具有实际意义。

But the UN bureaucracy proposing this immediately earned an epic shitstorm - from all sides. Apparently, there is a huge demand for a simple dichotomic “poor vs rich”, or I would say “us vs them” division in the world.
So, the UN made a Salomonic decision. The “Global North” and “Global South” categories remain in use. But every nation can now for themselves unilaterally decide want they want to be.

但是,联合国官僚机构提出的这一建议立即引起了各方的强烈反对。显然,世界上存在着对简单的“穷人与富人”二分法的巨大需求,或者我会说“我们与他们”的划分。
因此,联合国做出了一个明智的决定。“全球北方”和“全球南方”类别仍在使用。但现在每个国家都可以自己单方面决定他们想成为什么样的人。

South Korea immediately jumped to the North side. Singapore however did not - they decided they want to stay part of the Global South. Same decision for Turkey, China and Malaysia. Rather obviously, these are for political reasons only. Us versus Them. None of this is based on socioeconomic data any more. If the government of Ruanda, considered one of the poorest countries in the world, tomorrow states that they want to belong to the Global North, then the next day they will be counted together with US, UK, Japan etc. And when Switzerland tomorrow thinks they want to be considered Global South, they are a “developing country” category the day after.
So, finally, here is the answer to the question:
Malaysia is considered part of the Global South, aka “Developing Countries”, aka “Third World”. For the single reason that they themselves say so.

韩国立即选择了北方阵营。然而,新加坡没有 - 他们决定继续留在全球南方。土耳其、中国和马来西亚做出了同样的决定。显然,这些决定纯粹是出于政治原因。我们对他们。这些决定不再基于社会经济数据。如果卢旺达政府,被认为是世界上最贫困的国家之一,明天宣布他们想要属于全球北方,那么第二天他们将与美国、英国、日本等国一起计算在内。而如果瑞士明天想要被视为全球南方,那么第二天他们就会成为“发展中国家”类别。
所以,最后,这是问题的答案:马来西亚被视为全球南方的一部分,也就是“发展中国家”,也就是“第三世界”。唯一的原因是他们自己这么说。

Cao Cao
It is if you care enough to read more, if not you can even consider it as a first world country tbh. Why not aye?
Malaysia economy are fucked painfully 15 years ago, and still fucked even now.
The education systems ain't getting any better in the past 23 years or so.
There is still fanatics political party and added 2 more recently.
If you are rich, you only get richer here but if you are poor. Then you will remain poor until you die.
Hard life for the most of the citizens in it, bankruptcy level are soo high comparing to the weed you took in Thailand.
So ya, first world country.

如果你愿意多了解一些的话,也可以将它视为一个第一世界国家。为什么不呢?马来西亚经济在15年前就已经非常糟糕了,甚至到现在还是如此。在过去23年左右的时间里,教育系统没有任何改善。还有一些极端的政治党派,最近还增加了两个。如果你富裕,你只会在这里变得更富有,但如果你贫穷,那么你会一直贫穷直到死。对大多数公民来说生活很艰难,破产率比你在泰国吸的大麻还高。所以,是的,是个第一世界国家。

Mark Sieving
The classification of countries as First World, Second World or Third World doesn't make sense today. It was originally a classification of international alliances. First World meant the United States and it's allies, Second World was the Soviet unx and it's allies, and Third World was all countries not aligned with either the US or the USSR. These classifications don't translate well to economic development.

把国家划分为第一世界、第二世界和第三世界在今天已经没有意义了。它最初是对国际联盟的分类。第一世界是指美国及其盟友,第二世界是指苏联及其盟友,第三世界是指所有既不与美国结盟也不与苏联结盟的国家。这些分类不能很好地转化为经济发展。

Joseph Loh
Malaysia has always considered itself as nearly developed country, First world nations are those described as highly-developed industrialized, technologically-advanced, educated, and wealthy. In contrast to developing (second world) and less-developed (third world) countries, the first world is seen to enjoy many benefits such as a relatively high quality of life and prosperity.

马来西亚一直认为自己是一个近乎发达的国家,第一世界国家是那些被描述为高度发达、工业化、技术先进、受过良好教育和富有的国家。与发展中国家(第二世界)和欠发达国家(第三世界)相比,第一世界被认为享有许多好处,例如相对较高的生活质量和繁荣。

The First World consisted of the U.S., Western Europe and their allies. The Second World was the so-called communist Bloc: the Soviet unx, China, Cuba and friends. The remaining nations, which aligned with neither group, were assigned to the Third World. The Third World has always had blurred lines.4 Jan 2. By definition Malaysia should be allies of the first world, commonwealth nations, classifications is just for easy identification, but wearing a Rolex doesn’t make you a gentleman or a rich man.

第一世界由美国、西欧及其盟友组成。第二世界是所谓的共产主义集团:苏联、中国、古巴及其盟友。剩下的国家,既不与任何一组结盟,就被分配到第三世界。第三世界一直有模糊的界线。按照定义,马来西亚应该是第一世界的盟友,英联邦国家,分类只是为了方便识别,但戴着劳力士并不会让你成为绅士或富人。

Lord Tay K.G.
It is a developing country. The physical infrastructure is parallel to developed country but the people mentality is still third world.
Malaysia is only few country didn't sign the Rome Statues and ICERD. Instead of making progress to seal up racial divide, the malay actually demand for greater divide and special privileges.
Malaysia have the resources to be a developed country by now. In fact, it should be a developed country twenty years ago but due to rampant corruption and mismanagement, the country is falling behind.

它是一个发展中国家。物质基础设施与发达国家平行,但人们的心态仍然是第三世界的。
马来西亚是少数几个没有签署罗马公约和ICERD的国家。马来人不但没有在消除种族分裂方面取得进展,反而要求更大的分裂和特权。
马来西亚现在有足够的资源成为一个发达国家。事实上,20年前它应该是一个发达国家,但由于猖獗的腐败和管理不善,这个国家正在落后。

FATIMA ALHOSANI
Malaysia is not a developed country, although it has undergone rapid economic development over the past five decades. Malaysia's gross domestic product, per capita income, industrialization level and gross living standard are not equal to other developed countries. But if we talk about the era known as the "Cold War", it’s considered as 3rd would country.

马来西亚不是一个发达国家,尽管它在过去的五十年里经历了快速的经济发展。马来西亚的国内生产总值、人均收入、工业化水平和生活水平都与其他发达国家不平等。但如果我们谈论被称为“冷战”的时代,它被认为是第三发达国家。

Prof Dr Bharat Bakthawar Agarwal
Maybe for some sectors, yes it is but I think it gained a better status recently , not third world but maybe it’s still is, Im not sure. Malaysia is very very corrupt, and human rights are very poorly run.Racism against the various ethnic group s in Malaysia is very terrible. Also it’ s not very clean liv India.

也许在某些领域,是的,但我认为它最近获得了更好的地位,不是第三世界,但也许它仍然是,我不确定。马来西亚非常非常腐败,人权管理非常糟糕。针对马来西亚各民族的种族主义是非常可怕的。而且印度也不是很干净。

Zig Zag Wanderer
By the actual definition of 1st, 2nd and 3rd world countries, yes. That just means it's not a part of the WW2 nato and other allies nor the former soviet bloc. Obviously you are using a different meaning, or you wouldn't be asking.
Is Malaysia a developing country? Yes, it is. How ‘developed’ is it? That's hard to say, as there's no scale. I would say that it's more developed than most Asian countries, certainly. It has a lot of industry, and quite a lot of services compared to most. It also excels at software and computing generally.

根据第一、第二和第三世界国家的实际定义,是的。这只是意味着它不是二战北约和其他盟国的一部分,也不是前苏联集团的一部分。很明显你在用不同的意思,否则你不会问。
马来西亚是发展中国家吗?是的,它是。它有多发达?这很难说,因为没有规模。我想说,它当然比大多数亚洲国家更发达。与大多数城市相比,它有很多工业和相当多的服务。它在软件和计算机方面也表现出色。

Francis Xavier
Malaisa was never second world.
When this division of the world in Girst, second and third world happened, Malaysia was part of first world. But soon the new goverment of Malaysia decided to join third world. And that remains until today.

马来西亚从来不是第二世界。
当世界被划分为第一世界、第二世界和第三世界时,马来西亚是第一世界的一部分。但很快,马来西亚新政府决定加入第三世界。这种情况一直持续到今天。

Akinwumi Lawanson
I think Malaysia maybe classified as a relatively well developed Non formalized economy. Most workers are not known to government as personal income tax payers. Am I right?

我认为马来西亚可能被归类为相对发达的非正规经济。政府并不知道大多数工人是个人所得税的纳税人。我说的对吗?

Yaozhou
Climate and healthcare are first world.
Especially free healthcare, which I think surpasses Singapore.
Economically, it is second world.
Military, food prices, it's third world.
There are not many countries in the world that are as balanced as Malaysia.

气候和医疗是第一世界。
特别是免费医疗,我认为这超过了新加坡。
经济上,它是第二世界。
军事,食品价格,这是第三世界。
世界上像马来西亚这样平衡的国家并不多。

Dave Kodatsky
You forgot one of the highest per capita in south asia.
Beside South Asia, Africa and few middle eastern countries no other country can qualify as Third world.
(Source: World happiness index)

你忘了印度是南亚人均收入最高的国家之一。
除了南亚、非洲和少数中东国家,没有其他国家可以被称为第三世界。
(资料来源:世界幸福指数)

Mario Biermann
Malaysia has a GDP per Capita of around 13000 USD.
This is what I learned at high school in Europe (Germany), a few years ago…
I hope this helps you.
GDP/CAPITA for 1st, 2nd and 3rd World Countries (Nominal in USD) :
1st World = Developed = Above 30.000 USD
2nd World = Developing = 5.000 to 30.000 USD
3th World = Underdeveloped = Below 5.000 USD
And below 1.000 USD = Failed State (I call them #ShitHole)
The Developing World is further split into 3 groups:
Advanced = 20.000 USD to 30.000 USD
Emerging = 10.000 USD to 20.000 USD
Frontier = 5.000 USD to 10.000 USD
Malaysia falls under the 2nd World - Emerging countries…

马来西亚的人均GDP约为13000美元。
这是我几年前在欧洲(德国)读高中时学到的……
我希望这对你有所帮助。
第一、第二和第三世界国家的人均GDP(名义美元):
第一世界=发达= 3万美元以上
第二世界=发展中国家= 5000到30000美元
第三世界=不发达=低于5000美元
低于1000美元=失败国家(我叫他们#ShitHole)
发展中国家进一步分为三组:
预收款= 20,000美元到30,000美元
新兴市场= 1万美元至2万美元
前沿= 5000美元到10000美元
马来西亚属于第二世界-新兴国家…

Binh Nguyen
Korea just some years ago had $20,000+ GDP per capita, while Equatorian Guinea and some countries in South America had above 30.000$ GDP per capita.
The level of development cannot be decided by nominal or PPP GDP per capita. If so, some primitive, tribelist countries in Africa were far more “developed” than the Soviet unx and most East European countries in 1980s.
A closed country may have very low nominal GDP but still be able to develop its highly advanced industries and very modern cities, while countries with much higher GDP may still be primitive.

韩国几年前的人均GDP是2万美元以上,而赤道几内亚和南美一些国家的人均GDP超过3万美元。
发展水平不能由名义或购买力平价人均GDP决定。如果是这样的话,在20世纪80年代,非洲一些原始的部落国家要比苏联和大多数东欧国家“发达”得多。
一个封闭的国家可能名义GDP很低,但仍然能够发展高度发达的工业和非常现代化的城市,而GDP高得多的国家可能仍然是原始的。

Roger Stephens
Not at all. It’s not 1st world yet, but it’s far from 3rd world. Infrastructure in terms of road and power network is pretty good, water supplies are plentiful, food is abundant in rural areas, and the internet connections in the capital Kuala Lumpur are about five times the average UK speed. Don’t get me wrong, it’s no utopia and has a number of social and financial problems it’s trying to tackle. But, compared to some of it’s neighbours, it’s a fairly well sorted country and a decent place to live.

并不是。它还不是第一世界,但离第三世界还差得很远。道路和电力网络方面的基础设施相当好,供水充足,农村地区食物充足,首都吉隆坡的互联网连接速度大约是英国平均速度的五倍。不要误解我的意思,这不是乌托邦,它有许多社会和金融问题需要解决。但是,与它的一些邻国相比,它是一个相当有序的国家,也是一个体面的居住地。

Martin Dièdre
First “Third World Countries” is a political definition dating back from Cold War. It has nothing to do initially with economic development. It became a definition for poor countries that today we would call “Least Developed Countries”.
But Malaysia is not. Malaysia is one of fastest growing economy in Asia and has the third highest GDP per capita in SE Asia behind Singapore and Brunei. Its economy is diverse, advanced and Malaysia enjoys a comparatively clean and transparent economic and political environment among SE Asia.
Malaysia has GDP (PPP)/capita similar to some medium-income European countries such as Portugal or Greece (that are developed countries).

首先,“第三世界国家”是冷战时期的一个政治定义。它最初与经济发展无关。它成为了贫穷国家的定义,今天我们称之为“最不发达国家”。
但马来西亚并非如此。马来西亚是亚洲增长最快的经济体之一,人均GDP在东南亚排名第三,仅次于新加坡和文莱。马来西亚经济多元化、先进,经济政治环境在东南亚地区中较为清廉透明。
马来西亚的GDP(购买力平价)/人均与一些中等收入的欧洲国家(如葡萄牙或希腊)相似(这些国家都是发达国家)。

Ho Can Hao
As mentioned by other answers, third world doesn’t exist anymore.
I would rather categorize different countries in this way:

正如其他答案所提到的,第三世界已经不存在了。
我更愿意这样给不同的国家分类:

1. The superpower - U.S
2. Other developed countries - U.K., many European countries, Japan, South Korea, etc.
3. Emerging superpower - China
4. Developing counties - Yes, Malaysia falls into this category.
5. Least developed countries - Somalia, Afghanistan, etc.

1. 超级大国——美国
2. 其他发达国家——英国、许多欧洲国家、日本、韩国等。
3. 新兴超级大国——中国
4. 发展中国家——是的,马来西亚属于这一类。
5. 最不发达国家——索马里、阿富汗等。

Even within the bracket of developing countries, there are also huge differences between the like of Malaysia, Russia, and Laos. Russia is still a permanent member of UN security council and one of nuclear powers. Laos is still relatively underdeveloped compared to a upper-middle income country like Malaysia.

即使在发展中国家的范围内,马来西亚、俄罗斯和老挝之间也存在巨大差异。俄罗斯仍然是联合国安理会常任理事国,也是核大国之一。与马来西亚这样的中高收入国家相比,老挝仍然相对不发达。

The world has gone through unprecedented change since the collapse of USSR. “Three World Model” is no longer helpful to our understanding of any country.
Hope this helps.

自苏联解体以来,世界发生了前所未有的变化。“三个世界模式”对我们理解任何一个国家都不再有帮助。
希望这对你有所帮助。

Roy Chambers
Because they don’t know what 3rd world means. It means a country during the Cold War (which is over by the way) that was non-aligned with either NATO or the Soviet Bloc. Malaysia fought the communists and was aligned with the west.
While Malaysia has does have modern cities and fancy highways, and their economy has improved a lot in the last 20 years, there are still many people living in villages and poorer areas. Basically, they are not a modern industrialised economy, but like many other countries, they are a developing economy with modern aspects of their economy.

因为他们不知道第三世界是什么意思。它指的是冷战期间(顺便说一下,冷战已经结束了)与北约或苏联集团不结盟的国家。马来西亚与gcd作战,并与西方结盟。
虽然马来西亚确实有现代化的城市和豪华的高速公路,而且他们的经济在过去20年里有了很大的改善,但仍然有很多人生活在农村和贫困地区。基本上,他们不是一个现代化的工业化经济体,但像许多其他国家一样,他们是一个发展中经济体,其经济具有现代化的方面。

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