英国顾问表示，俄罗斯正在与英国交战，美国不再是一个可靠的盟友
正文翻译
Russia is at war with Britain and US is no longer a reliable ally, UK adviser says
-Government defence expert Fiona Hill warns UK to respond to threats by becoming more cohesive and resilient
英国顾问表示，俄罗斯正在与英国交战，美国不再是一个可靠的盟友
——政府国防专家菲奥娜·希尔警告说，英国要通过变得更有凝聚力和韧性来应对威胁
(Fiona Hill became the White House’s chief Russia adviser during Donald Trump’s first term.)
（菲奥娜·希尔在唐纳德·特朗普的第一个任期内作为白宫的首席俄罗斯顾问。）
新闻：
Russia is at war with Britain, the US is no longer a reliable ally and the UK has to respond by becoming more cohesive and more resilient, according to one of the three authors of the strategic defence review.
这份战略防务评估报告的三位作者之一表示，俄罗斯与英国处于战争状态，美国不再是一个可靠的盟友，英国必须通过变得更有凝聚力和更有韧性来应对。
Fiona Hill, from County Durham, became the White House’s chief Russia adviser during Donald Trump’s first term and contributed to the British government’s strategy. She made the remarks in an interview with the Guardian.
来自达勒姆郡的菲奥娜·希尔在唐纳德·特朗普的第一个任期内成为白宫的首席俄罗斯顾问，并为英国政府的战略做出了贡献。她在接受《卫报》采访时发表了上述言论。
“We’re in pretty big trouble,” Hill said, describing the UK’s geopolitical situation as caught between “the rock” of Vladimir Putin’s Russia and “the hard place” of Donald Trump’s increasingly unpredictable US.
希尔说：“我们遇到了很大的麻烦。”她将英国的地缘政治局势描述为夹在弗拉基米尔·普京的俄罗斯的“岩石”和唐纳德·特朗普日益不可预测的美国的“困境”之间。
Hill, 59, is perhaps the best known of the reviewers appointed by Labour, alongside Lord Robertson, a former Nato secretary general, and the retired general Sir Richard Barrons. She said she was happy to take on the role because it was “such a major pivot point in global affairs”. She remains a dual national after living in the US for more than 30 years.
59岁的希尔可能是工党任命的最著名的评论家，与前北约秘书长罗伯逊勋爵和退役将军理查德·巴伦斯爵士并列。她表示，她很高兴担任这一角色，因为这是“全球事务中的一个重要转折点”。在美国生活了30多年后，她仍然拥有双重国籍。
“Russia has hardened as an adversary in ways that we probably hadn’t fully anticipated,” Hill said, arguing that Putin saw the Ukraine war as a starting point to Moscow becoming “a dominant military power in all of Europe”.
希尔说：“俄罗斯已经以我们可能没有完全预料到的方式变得强硬起来。”她认为，普京将乌克兰战争视为莫斯科成为“整个欧洲主导军事力量”的起点。
As part of that long-term effort, Russia was already “menacing the UK in various different ways,” she said, citing “the poisonings, assassinations, sabotage operations, all kinds of cyber-attacks and influence operations. The sensors that we see that they’re putting down around critical pipelines, efforts to butcher undersea cables.”
她说，作为长期努力的一部分，俄罗斯已经“以各种不同的方式威胁英国”，比如“投毒、暗杀、破坏行动、各种网络攻击和影响行动。我们看到他们在关键管道周围放置传感器，试图切断海底电缆。”
The conclusion, Hill said, was that “Russia is at war with us”. The foreign policy expert, a longtime Russia watcher, said she had first made a similar warning in 2015, in a revised version of a book she wrote about the Russian president with Clifford Gaddy, reflecting on the invasion and annexation of Crimea.
希尔说，结论是“俄罗斯与我们处于战争状态”。这位长期关注俄罗斯问题的外交政策专家说，她在2015年与克利福德·加迪合著的一本关于俄罗斯总统的书的修订版中首次提出了类似的警告，书中反思了俄罗斯对克里米亚的入侵和吞并。
“We said Putin had declared war on the west,” she said. At the time, other experts disagreed, but Hill said events since had demonstrated “he obviously had, and we haven’t been paying attention to it”. The Russian leader, she argues, sees the fight in Ukraine as “part of a proxy war with the United States; that’s how he has persuaded China, North Korea and Iran to join in”.
“我们说普京已经向西方宣战了，”她说。当时，其他专家不赞同，但希尔说，此后的事件表明，“他显然宣战了，我们没有注意到这一点”。她认为，这位俄罗斯领导人认为乌克兰的战斗是“与美国的代理人战争的一部分；这就是他说服中国、朝鲜和伊朗加入自己的说辞。”
Putin believed that Ukraine had already been decoupled from the US relationship, Hill said, because “Trump really wants to have a separate relationship with Putin to do arms control agreements and also business that will probably enrich their entourages further, though Putin doesn’t need any more enrichment”.
希尔说，普京认为乌克兰已经与美国的关系脱钩，因为“特朗普真的希望与普京建立单独的关系，以达成军备控制协议，以及可能会进一步使其追随者致富的生意，尽管普京不需要更多的致富”。
When it came to defence, however, she said the UK could not rely on the military umbrella of the US as during the cold war and in the generation that followed, at least “not in the way that we did before”. In her descxtion, the UK “is having to manage its number one ally”, though the challenge is not to overreact because “you don’t want to have a rupture”.
然而，在国防方面，她表示，英国不能像冷战期间及之后的一代人那样依赖美国的军事保护伞，至少“不能像我们以前那样”。在她的描述中，英国“必须管理好自己的头号盟友”，尽管挑战在于不要反应过度，因为“你不想与之决裂”。
This way of thinking appears in the defence review published earlier this week, which says “the UK’s longstanding assumptions about global power balances and structures are no longer certain” – a rare acknowledgment in a British government document of how far and how fast Trumpism is affecting foreign policy certainties.
这种思维方式出现在本周早些时候发布的国防评估报告中，该报告称“英国长期以来对全球权力平衡和结构的假设不再确定”——这是英国政府文件中罕见地承认特朗普主义对外交政策确定性影响的程度和速度。
The review team reported to Keir Starmer, Rachel Reeves, and the defence secretary, John Healey. Most of Hill’s interaction were with Healey, however, and she said she had met the prime minister only once – describing him as “pretty charming … in a proper and correct way” and as “having read all the papers”.
审查小组向基尔·斯塔默、雷切尔·里夫斯和国防大臣约翰·希利汇报工作。然而，希尔的大部分互动都是与希利进行的，她说她只见过首相一次，并形容他“非常有魅力……以一种恰当而正确的方式”，而且“已经阅读了所有的文件”。
Hill was not drawn on whether she had advised Starmer or Healey on how to deal with Donald Trump, saying instead: “The advice I would give is the same I would give in a public setting.” She said simply that the Trump White House “is not an administration, it is a court” in which a transactional president is driven by his “own desires and interests, and who listens often to the last person he talks to”.
希尔没有透露她是否建议过斯塔默或希利如何应对唐纳德·特朗普，而是说：“我给出的建议和我在公共场合给出的建议是一样的。”她简单地说，特朗普的白宫“不是一个政府，而是一个法庭”，在这个法庭里，一个交易型的总统被他“自己的欲望和利益所驱使，他经常听他交谈的最后一个的人的话”。
She added that unlike his close circle, Trump had “a special affinity for the UK” based partly on his own family ties (his mother came from the Hebridean island of Lewis, emigrating to New York aged 18) and an admiration for the royal family, particularly the late queen. “He talked endlessly about that,” she said.
她补充说，与他的亲密圈子不同，特朗普“对英国有一种特殊的亲和力”，这部分是基于他自己的家庭关系（他的母亲来自赫布里底群岛的刘易斯岛，18岁时移民到纽约），以及对王室，尤其是已故女王的钦佩。“他没完没了地说这个，”她说。
On the other hand, Hill is no fan of the populist right administration in the White House and worries it could come to Britain if “the same culture wars” are allowed to develop with the encouragement of Republicans from the US.
另一方面，希尔并不是白宫民粹主义右翼政府的粉丝，她担心，如果在美国共和党人的鼓励下，“同样的文化战争”被允许发展，这种情况可能会发生在英国。
She noted that Reform UK had won a string of council elections last month, including in her native Durham, and that the party’s leader, Nigel Farage, wanted to emulate some of the aggressive efforts to restructure government led by Elon Musk’s “department of government efficiency” (Doge) before his falling-out with Trump.
她指出，英国改革党上个月赢得了一系列议会选举，包括在她的家乡达勒姆，该党领导人奈杰尔·法拉奇希望效仿埃隆·马斯克的“政府效率部”在与特朗普发生争执之前领导的一些积极的政府重组努力。
“When Nigel Farage says he wants to do a Doge against the local county council, he should come over here [to the US] and see what kind of impact that has,” she said. “This is going to be the largest layoffs in US history happening all at once, much bigger than hits to steelworks and coalmines.”
她说：“当奈杰尔·法拉奇说他想对当地的县议会进行一场“政府效率改革”，他应该来这里（美国）看看这会产生什么样的影响。这将是美国历史上同时发生的最大规模裁员，比钢铁厂和煤矿受到的打击要大得多。”
Hill’s argument is that in a time of profound uncertainty, Britain needs greater internal cohesion if it is to protect itself. “We can’t rely exclusively on anyone any more,” she said, arguing that Britain needed to have “a different mindset” based as much on traditional defence as on social resilience.
希尔的观点是，在一个充满不确定性的时代，如果英国想要保护自己，就需要更大的内部凝聚力。她说：“我们不能再完全依赖任何人了。”她认为，英国需要有一种“不同的心态”，既要基于传统的国防，也要基于社会韧性。
Some of that, Hill said, was about a greater recognition of the level of external threat and initiatives for greater integration, by teaching first aid in schools or encouraging more teenagers to join school cadet forces, a recommendation of the defence review. “What you need to do is get people engaged in all kinds of different ways in support of their communities,” she said.
希尔说，其中一些是关于对外部威胁程度的更大认识，以及通过在学校教授急救或鼓励更多青少年加入学校军事预备队来实现更大融合的举措，这是国防审查的一项建议。“你需要做的是让人们以各种不同的方式参与进来，支持他们的社区，”她说。
Hill said she saw that deindustrialisation and a rise of inequality in Russia and the US had contributed to the rise in national populism in both countries. Politicians in Britain, or elsewhere, “have to be much more creative and engage people where they are at” as part of a “national effort”, she said.
希尔说，她发现俄罗斯和美国的去工业化和不平等加剧导致了两国民粹主义的兴起。她说，英国或其他地方的政治家“必须更有创造力，让人们参与进来”，作为“国家努力”的一部分。
If this seems far away from a conventional view of defence, that’s because it is, though Hill also argues that traditional conceptions of war are changing as technology evolves and what makes a potent force.
如果这看起来与传统的国防观点相距甚远，那是因为它确实如此，尽管希尔也认为，随着科技的发展，以及是什么造就了强大的力量，传统的战争观念正在发生变化。
“People keep saying the British army has the smallest number of troops since the Napoleonic era. Why is the Napoleonic era relevant? Or that we have fewer ships than the time of Charles II. The metrics are all off here,” she said. “The Ukrainians are fighting with drones. Even though they have no navy, they sank a third of the Russian Black Sea fleet.”
“人们一直在说，英国军队的兵力是拿破仑时代以来最少的。为什么拿破仑时代是相关的？或者我们的船只比查理二世时期少。这里的指标都不正常，”她说。“乌克兰人正在用无人机作战。尽管他们没有海军，但他们击沉了俄罗斯黑海舰队的三分之一。”
Her aim, therefore, is not just to be critical but to propose solutions. Hill recalled that a close family friend, on hearing that she had taken on the defence review, had told her: “‘Don’t tell us how shite we are, tell us what we can do, how we can fix things.’ People understand that we have a problem and that the world has changed.”
因此，她的目标不仅仅是提出批评，还要提出解决方案。希尔回忆说，一位亲密的家族朋友听说她接受了国防审查，告诉她：“‘不要告诉我们我们有多懦弱，告诉我们我们能做什么，我们如何解决问题。’人们明白我们有问题，并且世界已经改变了。”
-Government defence expert Fiona Hill warns UK to respond to threats by becoming more cohesive and resilient
英国顾问表示，俄罗斯正在与英国交战，美国不再是一个可靠的盟友
——政府国防专家菲奥娜·希尔警告说，英国要通过变得更有凝聚力和韧性来应对威胁
(Fiona Hill became the White House’s chief Russia adviser during Donald Trump’s first term.)
（菲奥娜·希尔在唐纳德·特朗普的第一个任期内作为白宫的首席俄罗斯顾问。）
新闻：
Russia is at war with Britain, the US is no longer a reliable ally and the UK has to respond by becoming more cohesive and more resilient, according to one of the three authors of the strategic defence review.
这份战略防务评估报告的三位作者之一表示，俄罗斯与英国处于战争状态，美国不再是一个可靠的盟友，英国必须通过变得更有凝聚力和更有韧性来应对。
Fiona Hill, from County Durham, became the White House’s chief Russia adviser during Donald Trump’s first term and contributed to the British government’s strategy. She made the remarks in an interview with the Guardian.
来自达勒姆郡的菲奥娜·希尔在唐纳德·特朗普的第一个任期内成为白宫的首席俄罗斯顾问，并为英国政府的战略做出了贡献。她在接受《卫报》采访时发表了上述言论。
“We’re in pretty big trouble,” Hill said, describing the UK’s geopolitical situation as caught between “the rock” of Vladimir Putin’s Russia and “the hard place” of Donald Trump’s increasingly unpredictable US.
希尔说：“我们遇到了很大的麻烦。”她将英国的地缘政治局势描述为夹在弗拉基米尔·普京的俄罗斯的“岩石”和唐纳德·特朗普日益不可预测的美国的“困境”之间。
Hill, 59, is perhaps the best known of the reviewers appointed by Labour, alongside Lord Robertson, a former Nato secretary general, and the retired general Sir Richard Barrons. She said she was happy to take on the role because it was “such a major pivot point in global affairs”. She remains a dual national after living in the US for more than 30 years.
59岁的希尔可能是工党任命的最著名的评论家，与前北约秘书长罗伯逊勋爵和退役将军理查德·巴伦斯爵士并列。她表示，她很高兴担任这一角色，因为这是“全球事务中的一个重要转折点”。在美国生活了30多年后，她仍然拥有双重国籍。
“Russia has hardened as an adversary in ways that we probably hadn’t fully anticipated,” Hill said, arguing that Putin saw the Ukraine war as a starting point to Moscow becoming “a dominant military power in all of Europe”.
希尔说：“俄罗斯已经以我们可能没有完全预料到的方式变得强硬起来。”她认为，普京将乌克兰战争视为莫斯科成为“整个欧洲主导军事力量”的起点。
As part of that long-term effort, Russia was already “menacing the UK in various different ways,” she said, citing “the poisonings, assassinations, sabotage operations, all kinds of cyber-attacks and influence operations. The sensors that we see that they’re putting down around critical pipelines, efforts to butcher undersea cables.”
她说，作为长期努力的一部分，俄罗斯已经“以各种不同的方式威胁英国”，比如“投毒、暗杀、破坏行动、各种网络攻击和影响行动。我们看到他们在关键管道周围放置传感器，试图切断海底电缆。”
The conclusion, Hill said, was that “Russia is at war with us”. The foreign policy expert, a longtime Russia watcher, said she had first made a similar warning in 2015, in a revised version of a book she wrote about the Russian president with Clifford Gaddy, reflecting on the invasion and annexation of Crimea.
希尔说，结论是“俄罗斯与我们处于战争状态”。这位长期关注俄罗斯问题的外交政策专家说，她在2015年与克利福德·加迪合著的一本关于俄罗斯总统的书的修订版中首次提出了类似的警告，书中反思了俄罗斯对克里米亚的入侵和吞并。
“We said Putin had declared war on the west,” she said. At the time, other experts disagreed, but Hill said events since had demonstrated “he obviously had, and we haven’t been paying attention to it”. The Russian leader, she argues, sees the fight in Ukraine as “part of a proxy war with the United States; that’s how he has persuaded China, North Korea and Iran to join in”.
“我们说普京已经向西方宣战了，”她说。当时，其他专家不赞同，但希尔说，此后的事件表明，“他显然宣战了，我们没有注意到这一点”。她认为，这位俄罗斯领导人认为乌克兰的战斗是“与美国的代理人战争的一部分；这就是他说服中国、朝鲜和伊朗加入自己的说辞。”
Putin believed that Ukraine had already been decoupled from the US relationship, Hill said, because “Trump really wants to have a separate relationship with Putin to do arms control agreements and also business that will probably enrich their entourages further, though Putin doesn’t need any more enrichment”.
希尔说，普京认为乌克兰已经与美国的关系脱钩，因为“特朗普真的希望与普京建立单独的关系，以达成军备控制协议，以及可能会进一步使其追随者致富的生意，尽管普京不需要更多的致富”。
When it came to defence, however, she said the UK could not rely on the military umbrella of the US as during the cold war and in the generation that followed, at least “not in the way that we did before”. In her descxtion, the UK “is having to manage its number one ally”, though the challenge is not to overreact because “you don’t want to have a rupture”.
然而，在国防方面，她表示，英国不能像冷战期间及之后的一代人那样依赖美国的军事保护伞，至少“不能像我们以前那样”。在她的描述中，英国“必须管理好自己的头号盟友”，尽管挑战在于不要反应过度，因为“你不想与之决裂”。
This way of thinking appears in the defence review published earlier this week, which says “the UK’s longstanding assumptions about global power balances and structures are no longer certain” – a rare acknowledgment in a British government document of how far and how fast Trumpism is affecting foreign policy certainties.
这种思维方式出现在本周早些时候发布的国防评估报告中，该报告称“英国长期以来对全球权力平衡和结构的假设不再确定”——这是英国政府文件中罕见地承认特朗普主义对外交政策确定性影响的程度和速度。
The review team reported to Keir Starmer, Rachel Reeves, and the defence secretary, John Healey. Most of Hill’s interaction were with Healey, however, and she said she had met the prime minister only once – describing him as “pretty charming … in a proper and correct way” and as “having read all the papers”.
审查小组向基尔·斯塔默、雷切尔·里夫斯和国防大臣约翰·希利汇报工作。然而，希尔的大部分互动都是与希利进行的，她说她只见过首相一次，并形容他“非常有魅力……以一种恰当而正确的方式”，而且“已经阅读了所有的文件”。
Hill was not drawn on whether she had advised Starmer or Healey on how to deal with Donald Trump, saying instead: “The advice I would give is the same I would give in a public setting.” She said simply that the Trump White House “is not an administration, it is a court” in which a transactional president is driven by his “own desires and interests, and who listens often to the last person he talks to”.
希尔没有透露她是否建议过斯塔默或希利如何应对唐纳德·特朗普，而是说：“我给出的建议和我在公共场合给出的建议是一样的。”她简单地说，特朗普的白宫“不是一个政府，而是一个法庭”，在这个法庭里，一个交易型的总统被他“自己的欲望和利益所驱使，他经常听他交谈的最后一个的人的话”。
She added that unlike his close circle, Trump had “a special affinity for the UK” based partly on his own family ties (his mother came from the Hebridean island of Lewis, emigrating to New York aged 18) and an admiration for the royal family, particularly the late queen. “He talked endlessly about that,” she said.
她补充说，与他的亲密圈子不同，特朗普“对英国有一种特殊的亲和力”，这部分是基于他自己的家庭关系（他的母亲来自赫布里底群岛的刘易斯岛，18岁时移民到纽约），以及对王室，尤其是已故女王的钦佩。“他没完没了地说这个，”她说。
On the other hand, Hill is no fan of the populist right administration in the White House and worries it could come to Britain if “the same culture wars” are allowed to develop with the encouragement of Republicans from the US.
另一方面，希尔并不是白宫民粹主义右翼政府的粉丝，她担心，如果在美国共和党人的鼓励下，“同样的文化战争”被允许发展，这种情况可能会发生在英国。
She noted that Reform UK had won a string of council elections last month, including in her native Durham, and that the party’s leader, Nigel Farage, wanted to emulate some of the aggressive efforts to restructure government led by Elon Musk’s “department of government efficiency” (Doge) before his falling-out with Trump.
她指出，英国改革党上个月赢得了一系列议会选举，包括在她的家乡达勒姆，该党领导人奈杰尔·法拉奇希望效仿埃隆·马斯克的“政府效率部”在与特朗普发生争执之前领导的一些积极的政府重组努力。
“When Nigel Farage says he wants to do a Doge against the local county council, he should come over here [to the US] and see what kind of impact that has,” she said. “This is going to be the largest layoffs in US history happening all at once, much bigger than hits to steelworks and coalmines.”
她说：“当奈杰尔·法拉奇说他想对当地的县议会进行一场“政府效率改革”，他应该来这里（美国）看看这会产生什么样的影响。这将是美国历史上同时发生的最大规模裁员，比钢铁厂和煤矿受到的打击要大得多。”
Hill’s argument is that in a time of profound uncertainty, Britain needs greater internal cohesion if it is to protect itself. “We can’t rely exclusively on anyone any more,” she said, arguing that Britain needed to have “a different mindset” based as much on traditional defence as on social resilience.
希尔的观点是，在一个充满不确定性的时代，如果英国想要保护自己，就需要更大的内部凝聚力。她说：“我们不能再完全依赖任何人了。”她认为，英国需要有一种“不同的心态”，既要基于传统的国防，也要基于社会韧性。
Some of that, Hill said, was about a greater recognition of the level of external threat and initiatives for greater integration, by teaching first aid in schools or encouraging more teenagers to join school cadet forces, a recommendation of the defence review. “What you need to do is get people engaged in all kinds of different ways in support of their communities,” she said.
希尔说，其中一些是关于对外部威胁程度的更大认识，以及通过在学校教授急救或鼓励更多青少年加入学校军事预备队来实现更大融合的举措，这是国防审查的一项建议。“你需要做的是让人们以各种不同的方式参与进来，支持他们的社区，”她说。
Hill said she saw that deindustrialisation and a rise of inequality in Russia and the US had contributed to the rise in national populism in both countries. Politicians in Britain, or elsewhere, “have to be much more creative and engage people where they are at” as part of a “national effort”, she said.
希尔说，她发现俄罗斯和美国的去工业化和不平等加剧导致了两国民粹主义的兴起。她说，英国或其他地方的政治家“必须更有创造力，让人们参与进来”，作为“国家努力”的一部分。
If this seems far away from a conventional view of defence, that’s because it is, though Hill also argues that traditional conceptions of war are changing as technology evolves and what makes a potent force.
如果这看起来与传统的国防观点相距甚远，那是因为它确实如此，尽管希尔也认为，随着科技的发展，以及是什么造就了强大的力量，传统的战争观念正在发生变化。
“People keep saying the British army has the smallest number of troops since the Napoleonic era. Why is the Napoleonic era relevant? Or that we have fewer ships than the time of Charles II. The metrics are all off here,” she said. “The Ukrainians are fighting with drones. Even though they have no navy, they sank a third of the Russian Black Sea fleet.”
“人们一直在说，英国军队的兵力是拿破仑时代以来最少的。为什么拿破仑时代是相关的？或者我们的船只比查理二世时期少。这里的指标都不正常，”她说。“乌克兰人正在用无人机作战。尽管他们没有海军，但他们击沉了俄罗斯黑海舰队的三分之一。”
Her aim, therefore, is not just to be critical but to propose solutions. Hill recalled that a close family friend, on hearing that she had taken on the defence review, had told her: “‘Don’t tell us how shite we are, tell us what we can do, how we can fix things.’ People understand that we have a problem and that the world has changed.”
因此，她的目标不仅仅是提出批评，还要提出解决方案。希尔回忆说，一位亲密的家族朋友听说她接受了国防审查，告诉她：“‘不要告诉我们我们有多懦弱，告诉我们我们能做什么，我们如何解决问题。’人们明白我们有问题，并且世界已经改变了。”
评论翻译
Russia is at war with Britain and US is no longer a reliable ally, UK adviser says
-Government defence expert Fiona Hill warns UK to respond to threats by becoming more cohesive and resilient
英国顾问表示，俄罗斯正在与英国交战，美国不再是一个可靠的盟友
——政府国防专家菲奥娜·希尔警告说，英国要通过变得更有凝聚力和韧性来应对威胁
(Fiona Hill became the White House’s chief Russia adviser during Donald Trump’s first term.)
（菲奥娜·希尔在唐纳德·特朗普的第一个任期内作为白宫的首席俄罗斯顾问。）
新闻：
Russia is at war with Britain, the US is no longer a reliable ally and the UK has to respond by becoming more cohesive and more resilient, according to one of the three authors of the strategic defence review.
这份战略防务评估报告的三位作者之一表示，俄罗斯与英国处于战争状态，美国不再是一个可靠的盟友，英国必须通过变得更有凝聚力和更有韧性来应对。
Fiona Hill, from County Durham, became the White House’s chief Russia adviser during Donald Trump’s first term and contributed to the British government’s strategy. She made the remarks in an interview with the Guardian.
来自达勒姆郡的菲奥娜·希尔在唐纳德·特朗普的第一个任期内成为白宫的首席俄罗斯顾问，并为英国政府的战略做出了贡献。她在接受《卫报》采访时发表了上述言论。
“We’re in pretty big trouble,” Hill said, describing the UK’s geopolitical situation as caught between “the rock” of Vladimir Putin’s Russia and “the hard place” of Donald Trump’s increasingly unpredictable US.
希尔说：“我们遇到了很大的麻烦。”她将英国的地缘政治局势描述为夹在弗拉基米尔·普京的俄罗斯的“岩石”和唐纳德·特朗普日益不可预测的美国的“困境”之间。
Hill, 59, is perhaps the best known of the reviewers appointed by Labour, alongside Lord Robertson, a former Nato secretary general, and the retired general Sir Richard Barrons. She said she was happy to take on the role because it was “such a major pivot point in global affairs”. She remains a dual national after living in the US for more than 30 years.
59岁的希尔可能是工党任命的最著名的评论家，与前北约秘书长罗伯逊勋爵和退役将军理查德·巴伦斯爵士并列。她表示，她很高兴担任这一角色，因为这是“全球事务中的一个重要转折点”。在美国生活了30多年后，她仍然拥有双重国籍。
“Russia has hardened as an adversary in ways that we probably hadn’t fully anticipated,” Hill said, arguing that Putin saw the Ukraine war as a starting point to Moscow becoming “a dominant military power in all of Europe”.
希尔说：“俄罗斯已经以我们可能没有完全预料到的方式变得强硬起来。”她认为，普京将乌克兰战争视为莫斯科成为“整个欧洲主导军事力量”的起点。
As part of that long-term effort, Russia was already “menacing the UK in various different ways,” she said, citing “the poisonings, assassinations, sabotage operations, all kinds of cyber-attacks and influence operations. The sensors that we see that they’re putting down around critical pipelines, efforts to butcher undersea cables.”
她说，作为长期努力的一部分，俄罗斯已经“以各种不同的方式威胁英国”，比如“投毒、暗杀、破坏行动、各种网络攻击和影响行动。我们看到他们在关键管道周围放置传感器，试图切断海底电缆。”
The conclusion, Hill said, was that “Russia is at war with us”. The foreign policy expert, a longtime Russia watcher, said she had first made a similar warning in 2015, in a revised version of a book she wrote about the Russian president with Clifford Gaddy, reflecting on the invasion and annexation of Crimea.
希尔说，结论是“俄罗斯与我们处于战争状态”。这位长期关注俄罗斯问题的外交政策专家说，她在2015年与克利福德·加迪合著的一本关于俄罗斯总统的书的修订版中首次提出了类似的警告，书中反思了俄罗斯对克里米亚的入侵和吞并。
“We said Putin had declared war on the west,” she said. At the time, other experts disagreed, but Hill said events since had demonstrated “he obviously had, and we haven’t been paying attention to it”. The Russian leader, she argues, sees the fight in Ukraine as “part of a proxy war with the United States; that’s how he has persuaded China, North Korea and Iran to join in”.
“我们说普京已经向西方宣战了，”她说。当时，其他专家不赞同，但希尔说，此后的事件表明，“他显然宣战了，我们没有注意到这一点”。她认为，这位俄罗斯领导人认为乌克兰的战斗是“与美国的代理人战争的一部分；这就是他说服中国、朝鲜和伊朗加入自己的说辞。”
Putin believed that Ukraine had already been decoupled from the US relationship, Hill said, because “Trump really wants to have a separate relationship with Putin to do arms control agreements and also business that will probably enrich their entourages further, though Putin doesn’t need any more enrichment”.
希尔说，普京认为乌克兰已经与美国的关系脱钩，因为“特朗普真的希望与普京建立单独的关系，以达成军备控制协议，以及可能会进一步使其追随者致富的生意，尽管普京不需要更多的致富”。
When it came to defence, however, she said the UK could not rely on the military umbrella of the US as during the cold war and in the generation that followed, at least “not in the way that we did before”. In her descxtion, the UK “is having to manage its number one ally”, though the challenge is not to overreact because “you don’t want to have a rupture”.
然而，在国防方面，她表示，英国不能像冷战期间及之后的一代人那样依赖美国的军事保护伞，至少“不能像我们以前那样”。在她的描述中，英国“必须管理好自己的头号盟友”，尽管挑战在于不要反应过度，因为“你不想与之决裂”。
This way of thinking appears in the defence review published earlier this week, which says “the UK’s longstanding assumptions about global power balances and structures are no longer certain” – a rare acknowledgment in a British government document of how far and how fast Trumpism is affecting foreign policy certainties.
这种思维方式出现在本周早些时候发布的国防评估报告中，该报告称“英国长期以来对全球权力平衡和结构的假设不再确定”——这是英国政府文件中罕见地承认特朗普主义对外交政策确定性影响的程度和速度。
The review team reported to Keir Starmer, Rachel Reeves, and the defence secretary, John Healey. Most of Hill’s interaction were with Healey, however, and she said she had met the prime minister only once – describing him as “pretty charming … in a proper and correct way” and as “having read all the papers”.
审查小组向基尔·斯塔默、雷切尔·里夫斯和国防大臣约翰·希利汇报工作。然而，希尔的大部分互动都是与希利进行的，她说她只见过首相一次，并形容他“非常有魅力……以一种恰当而正确的方式”，而且“已经阅读了所有的文件”。
Hill was not drawn on whether she had advised Starmer or Healey on how to deal with Donald Trump, saying instead: “The advice I would give is the same I would give in a public setting.” She said simply that the Trump White House “is not an administration, it is a court” in which a transactional president is driven by his “own desires and interests, and who listens often to the last person he talks to”.
希尔没有透露她是否建议过斯塔默或希利如何应对唐纳德·特朗普，而是说：“我给出的建议和我在公共场合给出的建议是一样的。”她简单地说，特朗普的白宫“不是一个政府，而是一个法庭”，在这个法庭里，一个交易型的总统被他“自己的欲望和利益所驱使，他经常听他交谈的最后一个的人的话”。
She added that unlike his close circle, Trump had “a special affinity for the UK” based partly on his own family ties (his mother came from the Hebridean island of Lewis, emigrating to New York aged 18) and an admiration for the royal family, particularly the late queen. “He talked endlessly about that,” she said.
她补充说，与他的亲密圈子不同，特朗普“对英国有一种特殊的亲和力”，这部分是基于他自己的家庭关系（他的母亲来自赫布里底群岛的刘易斯岛，18岁时移民到纽约），以及对王室，尤其是已故女王的钦佩。“他没完没了地说这个，”她说。
On the other hand, Hill is no fan of the populist right administration in the White House and worries it could come to Britain if “the same culture wars” are allowed to develop with the encouragement of Republicans from the US.
另一方面，希尔并不是白宫民粹主义右翼政府的粉丝，她担心，如果在美国共和党人的鼓励下，“同样的文化战争”被允许发展，这种情况可能会发生在英国。
She noted that Reform UK had won a string of council elections last month, including in her native Durham, and that the party’s leader, Nigel Farage, wanted to emulate some of the aggressive efforts to restructure government led by Elon Musk’s “department of government efficiency” (Doge) before his falling-out with Trump.
她指出，英国改革党上个月赢得了一系列议会选举，包括在她的家乡达勒姆，该党领导人奈杰尔·法拉奇希望效仿埃隆·马斯克的“政府效率部”在与特朗普发生争执之前领导的一些积极的政府重组努力。
“When Nigel Farage says he wants to do a Doge against the local county council, he should come over here [to the US] and see what kind of impact that has,” she said. “This is going to be the largest layoffs in US history happening all at once, much bigger than hits to steelworks and coalmines.”
她说：“当奈杰尔·法拉奇说他想对当地的县议会进行一场“政府效率改革”，他应该来这里（美国）看看这会产生什么样的影响。这将是美国历史上同时发生的最大规模裁员，比钢铁厂和煤矿受到的打击要大得多。”
Hill’s argument is that in a time of profound uncertainty, Britain needs greater internal cohesion if it is to protect itself. “We can’t rely exclusively on anyone any more,” she said, arguing that Britain needed to have “a different mindset” based as much on traditional defence as on social resilience.
希尔的观点是，在一个充满不确定性的时代，如果英国想要保护自己，就需要更大的内部凝聚力。她说：“我们不能再完全依赖任何人了。”她认为，英国需要有一种“不同的心态”，既要基于传统的国防，也要基于社会韧性。
Some of that, Hill said, was about a greater recognition of the level of external threat and initiatives for greater integration, by teaching first aid in schools or encouraging more teenagers to join school cadet forces, a recommendation of the defence review. “What you need to do is get people engaged in all kinds of different ways in support of their communities,” she said.
希尔说，其中一些是关于对外部威胁程度的更大认识，以及通过在学校教授急救或鼓励更多青少年加入学校军事预备队来实现更大融合的举措，这是国防审查的一项建议。“你需要做的是让人们以各种不同的方式参与进来，支持他们的社区，”她说。
Hill said she saw that deindustrialisation and a rise of inequality in Russia and the US had contributed to the rise in national populism in both countries. Politicians in Britain, or elsewhere, “have to be much more creative and engage people where they are at” as part of a “national effort”, she said.
希尔说，她发现俄罗斯和美国的去工业化和不平等加剧导致了两国民粹主义的兴起。她说，英国或其他地方的政治家“必须更有创造力，让人们参与进来”，作为“国家努力”的一部分。
If this seems far away from a conventional view of defence, that’s because it is, though Hill also argues that traditional conceptions of war are changing as technology evolves and what makes a potent force.
如果这看起来与传统的国防观点相距甚远，那是因为它确实如此，尽管希尔也认为，随着科技的发展，以及是什么造就了强大的力量，传统的战争观念正在发生变化。
“People keep saying the British army has the smallest number of troops since the Napoleonic era. Why is the Napoleonic era relevant? Or that we have fewer ships than the time of Charles II. The metrics are all off here,” she said. “The Ukrainians are fighting with drones. Even though they have no navy, they sank a third of the Russian Black Sea fleet.”
“人们一直在说，英国军队的兵力是拿破仑时代以来最少的。为什么拿破仑时代是相关的？或者我们的船只比查理二世时期少。这里的指标都不正常，”她说。“乌克兰人正在用无人机作战。尽管他们没有海军，但他们击沉了俄罗斯黑海舰队的三分之一。”
Her aim, therefore, is not just to be critical but to propose solutions. Hill recalled that a close family friend, on hearing that she had taken on the defence review, had told her: “‘Don’t tell us how shite we are, tell us what we can do, how we can fix things.’ People understand that we have a problem and that the world has changed.”
因此，她的目标不仅仅是提出批评，还要提出解决方案。希尔回忆说，一位亲密的家族朋友听说她接受了国防审查，告诉她：“‘不要告诉我们我们有多懦弱，告诉我们我们能做什么，我们如何解决问题。’人们明白我们有问题，并且世界已经改变了。”
-Government defence expert Fiona Hill warns UK to respond to threats by becoming more cohesive and resilient
英国顾问表示，俄罗斯正在与英国交战，美国不再是一个可靠的盟友
——政府国防专家菲奥娜·希尔警告说，英国要通过变得更有凝聚力和韧性来应对威胁
(Fiona Hill became the White House’s chief Russia adviser during Donald Trump’s first term.)
（菲奥娜·希尔在唐纳德·特朗普的第一个任期内作为白宫的首席俄罗斯顾问。）
新闻：
Russia is at war with Britain, the US is no longer a reliable ally and the UK has to respond by becoming more cohesive and more resilient, according to one of the three authors of the strategic defence review.
这份战略防务评估报告的三位作者之一表示，俄罗斯与英国处于战争状态，美国不再是一个可靠的盟友，英国必须通过变得更有凝聚力和更有韧性来应对。
Fiona Hill, from County Durham, became the White House’s chief Russia adviser during Donald Trump’s first term and contributed to the British government’s strategy. She made the remarks in an interview with the Guardian.
来自达勒姆郡的菲奥娜·希尔在唐纳德·特朗普的第一个任期内成为白宫的首席俄罗斯顾问，并为英国政府的战略做出了贡献。她在接受《卫报》采访时发表了上述言论。
“We’re in pretty big trouble,” Hill said, describing the UK’s geopolitical situation as caught between “the rock” of Vladimir Putin’s Russia and “the hard place” of Donald Trump’s increasingly unpredictable US.
希尔说：“我们遇到了很大的麻烦。”她将英国的地缘政治局势描述为夹在弗拉基米尔·普京的俄罗斯的“岩石”和唐纳德·特朗普日益不可预测的美国的“困境”之间。
Hill, 59, is perhaps the best known of the reviewers appointed by Labour, alongside Lord Robertson, a former Nato secretary general, and the retired general Sir Richard Barrons. She said she was happy to take on the role because it was “such a major pivot point in global affairs”. She remains a dual national after living in the US for more than 30 years.
59岁的希尔可能是工党任命的最著名的评论家，与前北约秘书长罗伯逊勋爵和退役将军理查德·巴伦斯爵士并列。她表示，她很高兴担任这一角色，因为这是“全球事务中的一个重要转折点”。在美国生活了30多年后，她仍然拥有双重国籍。
“Russia has hardened as an adversary in ways that we probably hadn’t fully anticipated,” Hill said, arguing that Putin saw the Ukraine war as a starting point to Moscow becoming “a dominant military power in all of Europe”.
希尔说：“俄罗斯已经以我们可能没有完全预料到的方式变得强硬起来。”她认为，普京将乌克兰战争视为莫斯科成为“整个欧洲主导军事力量”的起点。
As part of that long-term effort, Russia was already “menacing the UK in various different ways,” she said, citing “the poisonings, assassinations, sabotage operations, all kinds of cyber-attacks and influence operations. The sensors that we see that they’re putting down around critical pipelines, efforts to butcher undersea cables.”
她说，作为长期努力的一部分，俄罗斯已经“以各种不同的方式威胁英国”，比如“投毒、暗杀、破坏行动、各种网络攻击和影响行动。我们看到他们在关键管道周围放置传感器，试图切断海底电缆。”
The conclusion, Hill said, was that “Russia is at war with us”. The foreign policy expert, a longtime Russia watcher, said she had first made a similar warning in 2015, in a revised version of a book she wrote about the Russian president with Clifford Gaddy, reflecting on the invasion and annexation of Crimea.
希尔说，结论是“俄罗斯与我们处于战争状态”。这位长期关注俄罗斯问题的外交政策专家说，她在2015年与克利福德·加迪合著的一本关于俄罗斯总统的书的修订版中首次提出了类似的警告，书中反思了俄罗斯对克里米亚的入侵和吞并。
“We said Putin had declared war on the west,” she said. At the time, other experts disagreed, but Hill said events since had demonstrated “he obviously had, and we haven’t been paying attention to it”. The Russian leader, she argues, sees the fight in Ukraine as “part of a proxy war with the United States; that’s how he has persuaded China, North Korea and Iran to join in”.
“我们说普京已经向西方宣战了，”她说。当时，其他专家不赞同，但希尔说，此后的事件表明，“他显然宣战了，我们没有注意到这一点”。她认为，这位俄罗斯领导人认为乌克兰的战斗是“与美国的代理人战争的一部分；这就是他说服中国、朝鲜和伊朗加入自己的说辞。”
Putin believed that Ukraine had already been decoupled from the US relationship, Hill said, because “Trump really wants to have a separate relationship with Putin to do arms control agreements and also business that will probably enrich their entourages further, though Putin doesn’t need any more enrichment”.
希尔说，普京认为乌克兰已经与美国的关系脱钩，因为“特朗普真的希望与普京建立单独的关系，以达成军备控制协议，以及可能会进一步使其追随者致富的生意，尽管普京不需要更多的致富”。
When it came to defence, however, she said the UK could not rely on the military umbrella of the US as during the cold war and in the generation that followed, at least “not in the way that we did before”. In her descxtion, the UK “is having to manage its number one ally”, though the challenge is not to overreact because “you don’t want to have a rupture”.
然而，在国防方面，她表示，英国不能像冷战期间及之后的一代人那样依赖美国的军事保护伞，至少“不能像我们以前那样”。在她的描述中，英国“必须管理好自己的头号盟友”，尽管挑战在于不要反应过度，因为“你不想与之决裂”。
This way of thinking appears in the defence review published earlier this week, which says “the UK’s longstanding assumptions about global power balances and structures are no longer certain” – a rare acknowledgment in a British government document of how far and how fast Trumpism is affecting foreign policy certainties.
这种思维方式出现在本周早些时候发布的国防评估报告中，该报告称“英国长期以来对全球权力平衡和结构的假设不再确定”——这是英国政府文件中罕见地承认特朗普主义对外交政策确定性影响的程度和速度。
The review team reported to Keir Starmer, Rachel Reeves, and the defence secretary, John Healey. Most of Hill’s interaction were with Healey, however, and she said she had met the prime minister only once – describing him as “pretty charming … in a proper and correct way” and as “having read all the papers”.
审查小组向基尔·斯塔默、雷切尔·里夫斯和国防大臣约翰·希利汇报工作。然而，希尔的大部分互动都是与希利进行的，她说她只见过首相一次，并形容他“非常有魅力……以一种恰当而正确的方式”，而且“已经阅读了所有的文件”。
Hill was not drawn on whether she had advised Starmer or Healey on how to deal with Donald Trump, saying instead: “The advice I would give is the same I would give in a public setting.” She said simply that the Trump White House “is not an administration, it is a court” in which a transactional president is driven by his “own desires and interests, and who listens often to the last person he talks to”.
希尔没有透露她是否建议过斯塔默或希利如何应对唐纳德·特朗普，而是说：“我给出的建议和我在公共场合给出的建议是一样的。”她简单地说，特朗普的白宫“不是一个政府，而是一个法庭”，在这个法庭里，一个交易型的总统被他“自己的欲望和利益所驱使，他经常听他交谈的最后一个的人的话”。
She added that unlike his close circle, Trump had “a special affinity for the UK” based partly on his own family ties (his mother came from the Hebridean island of Lewis, emigrating to New York aged 18) and an admiration for the royal family, particularly the late queen. “He talked endlessly about that,” she said.
她补充说，与他的亲密圈子不同，特朗普“对英国有一种特殊的亲和力”，这部分是基于他自己的家庭关系（他的母亲来自赫布里底群岛的刘易斯岛，18岁时移民到纽约），以及对王室，尤其是已故女王的钦佩。“他没完没了地说这个，”她说。
On the other hand, Hill is no fan of the populist right administration in the White House and worries it could come to Britain if “the same culture wars” are allowed to develop with the encouragement of Republicans from the US.
另一方面，希尔并不是白宫民粹主义右翼政府的粉丝，她担心，如果在美国共和党人的鼓励下，“同样的文化战争”被允许发展，这种情况可能会发生在英国。
She noted that Reform UK had won a string of council elections last month, including in her native Durham, and that the party’s leader, Nigel Farage, wanted to emulate some of the aggressive efforts to restructure government led by Elon Musk’s “department of government efficiency” (Doge) before his falling-out with Trump.
她指出，英国改革党上个月赢得了一系列议会选举，包括在她的家乡达勒姆，该党领导人奈杰尔·法拉奇希望效仿埃隆·马斯克的“政府效率部”在与特朗普发生争执之前领导的一些积极的政府重组努力。
“When Nigel Farage says he wants to do a Doge against the local county council, he should come over here [to the US] and see what kind of impact that has,” she said. “This is going to be the largest layoffs in US history happening all at once, much bigger than hits to steelworks and coalmines.”
她说：“当奈杰尔·法拉奇说他想对当地的县议会进行一场“政府效率改革”，他应该来这里（美国）看看这会产生什么样的影响。这将是美国历史上同时发生的最大规模裁员，比钢铁厂和煤矿受到的打击要大得多。”
Hill’s argument is that in a time of profound uncertainty, Britain needs greater internal cohesion if it is to protect itself. “We can’t rely exclusively on anyone any more,” she said, arguing that Britain needed to have “a different mindset” based as much on traditional defence as on social resilience.
希尔的观点是，在一个充满不确定性的时代，如果英国想要保护自己，就需要更大的内部凝聚力。她说：“我们不能再完全依赖任何人了。”她认为，英国需要有一种“不同的心态”，既要基于传统的国防，也要基于社会韧性。
Some of that, Hill said, was about a greater recognition of the level of external threat and initiatives for greater integration, by teaching first aid in schools or encouraging more teenagers to join school cadet forces, a recommendation of the defence review. “What you need to do is get people engaged in all kinds of different ways in support of their communities,” she said.
希尔说，其中一些是关于对外部威胁程度的更大认识，以及通过在学校教授急救或鼓励更多青少年加入学校军事预备队来实现更大融合的举措，这是国防审查的一项建议。“你需要做的是让人们以各种不同的方式参与进来，支持他们的社区，”她说。
Hill said she saw that deindustrialisation and a rise of inequality in Russia and the US had contributed to the rise in national populism in both countries. Politicians in Britain, or elsewhere, “have to be much more creative and engage people where they are at” as part of a “national effort”, she said.
希尔说，她发现俄罗斯和美国的去工业化和不平等加剧导致了两国民粹主义的兴起。她说，英国或其他地方的政治家“必须更有创造力，让人们参与进来”，作为“国家努力”的一部分。
If this seems far away from a conventional view of defence, that’s because it is, though Hill also argues that traditional conceptions of war are changing as technology evolves and what makes a potent force.
如果这看起来与传统的国防观点相距甚远，那是因为它确实如此，尽管希尔也认为，随着科技的发展，以及是什么造就了强大的力量，传统的战争观念正在发生变化。
“People keep saying the British army has the smallest number of troops since the Napoleonic era. Why is the Napoleonic era relevant? Or that we have fewer ships than the time of Charles II. The metrics are all off here,” she said. “The Ukrainians are fighting with drones. Even though they have no navy, they sank a third of the Russian Black Sea fleet.”
“人们一直在说，英国军队的兵力是拿破仑时代以来最少的。为什么拿破仑时代是相关的？或者我们的船只比查理二世时期少。这里的指标都不正常，”她说。“乌克兰人正在用无人机作战。尽管他们没有海军，但他们击沉了俄罗斯黑海舰队的三分之一。”
Her aim, therefore, is not just to be critical but to propose solutions. Hill recalled that a close family friend, on hearing that she had taken on the defence review, had told her: “‘Don’t tell us how shite we are, tell us what we can do, how we can fix things.’ People understand that we have a problem and that the world has changed.”
因此，她的目标不仅仅是提出批评，还要提出解决方案。希尔回忆说，一位亲密的家族朋友听说她接受了国防审查，告诉她：“‘不要告诉我们我们有多懦弱，告诉我们我们能做什么，我们如何解决问题。’人们明白我们有问题，并且世界已经改变了。”
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