中国正在建设一座又一座超级工厂，而欧洲却在政治不确定性、技术匮乏以及大型项目最终延期或取消等困境中苦苦挣扎。电动汽车电池制造，为什么欧洲跟不上时代步伐？
正文翻译
如果你在电动汽车电池制造领域占据主导地位，你就掌握了电动出行的主导权。中国正在建设一座又一座超级工厂，而欧洲却在政治不确定性、技术匮乏以及大型项目最终延期或取消等困境中苦苦挣扎。这是一个正在塑造未来的行业的故事。电动汽车电池是电动出行的核心。欧洲曾将希望寄托在瑞典电池开发商和制造商Northvolt身上，但结果却令人大失所望。 这部纪录片讲述了伊斯梅尔·古尔苏纳尔（Ismail Gulsunar）的故事，他移居瑞典加入Northvolt，希望为欧洲在全球电动汽车市场占有一席之地的梦想贡献力量。
但希望最终化为失望：质量问题、高报废率以及扩大生产规模的挑战导致Northvolt破产——这是瑞典现代经济史上最大的破产案。那么，欧洲为何错失了技术转折点？对亚洲制造商的依赖程度究竟有多高？欧洲工业的未来又为何岌岌可危？这部纪录片还展现了大众汽车的德国子公司PowerCo如何努力从过去的错误中吸取教训。欧洲在全球电池竞赛中是否还有机会——或者是否已经错失良机——已成为一个力图重夺工业和技术主导地位的大陆的关键问题。
但希望最终化为失望：质量问题、高报废率以及扩大生产规模的挑战导致Northvolt破产——这是瑞典现代经济史上最大的破产案。那么，欧洲为何错失了技术转折点？对亚洲制造商的依赖程度究竟有多高？欧洲工业的未来又为何岌岌可危？这部纪录片还展现了大众汽车的德国子公司PowerCo如何努力从过去的错误中吸取教训。欧洲在全球电池竞赛中是否还有机会——或者是否已经错失良机——已成为一个力图重夺工业和技术主导地位的大陆的关键问题。
评论翻译
@ricnyc2759
You folks in Europe didn't realize this yet: the US is not a friend... It's a competitor.
你们欧洲人还没意识到这一点：美国不是朋友，而是竞争对手。
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692
China is a competitor. The US is an enemy.
中国是竞争对手，美国是敌人。
@nathanchiang5898
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 哈哈哈，觉醒的欧洲人
@kjungst
@nathanchiang5898 that what happens whe elites rule too long, you will have that in China too.
@nathanchiang5898 这就是精英统治太久的后果，在中国也会发生这种事。
@jackbarton4789
@kjungst China has had a dictator for along time. Luckily for the Chinese he does care about them and he is fairly popular. Whereas Trump’s narcism prevents him from caring about anyone other than himself. This makes a big difference.
@kjungst 中国长期以来都有领导者，幸运的是，他确实关心民众且相当受欢迎。而特朗普的自恋让他除了自己谁都不在乎。这有着很大的区别。
@windglorcn8944
@jackbarton4789 You have no understanding of China at all. Although China only has grassroots elections, there are no universal elections. But there are sextions. But every middle and high-level official is sexted based on their achievements, reputation, and other factors, and there can be no fools. You can say this is dictator, but I would call it efficient.
@jackbarton4789 你完全不了解中国。虽然中国只有基层选举，没有普选，但存在选拔机制。每一位中高级官员都是根据政绩、声望等因素选拔出来的，不可能有愚蠢之辈。你可以说这是专制，但我称之为高效。
@jackbarton4789
@windglorcn8944 If you reread my comment you might realise that I wasn’t trying to disrespect China at all. It is the American people who have no idea how bad their lot is.
@windglorcn8944 如果你再读一遍我的评论，你可能会意识到我根本没有不尊重中国的意思。是美国人不知道自己的处境有多糟糕。
@windglorcn8944
@jackbarton4789 Sorry, my wording may have been too extreme. But what I am expressing is that China is centralized but not dictatorial. Choosing a rational leader is not luck, it is a high probability event.
@jackbarton4789 抱歉，我的措辞可能太极端了。但我想表达的是，中国是集权而非专制。选择一位理性的领导人不是靠运气，而是一个大概率事件。
@GKP999
@nathanchiang5898 History shows that all countries and empires rise and fall. No one is on top forever.
@nathanchiang5898 历史表明，所有的国家和帝国都会兴衰更替。没有人能永远处于顶峰。
@HellespontNicholas
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 I can't agree more, you just nailed it.
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 我完全同意，你说得太对了。
@carholic-sz3qv
@HellespontNicholas exactly!
@HellespontNicholas 的确如此！
@RedSunriseOnTheHorizon
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 exactly
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 的确如此
@Vladislove-i7h
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 If only EU was competitive
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 要是欧盟有竞争力就好了
@carholic-sz3qv
@Vladislove-i7h EU is actually competitive its just the decisions that they made years ago.
@Vladislove-i7h 欧盟实际上是有竞争力的，只是由于他们多年前做出的决定。
@Vladislove-i7h
@carholic-sz3qv Dont you see the contradiction? Decisions you make years ago define your future. EU has not done any good decisions ever
@carholic-sz3qv 你没看到矛盾之处吗？多年前做的决定定义了你的未来。欧盟从未做出过任何明智的决定。
@shawoomco
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 right. Russia and Iran are alies
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 对。俄罗斯和伊朗是盟友。
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692
@shawoomco yes. And that's irrelevant.
@shawoomco 是的。但这无关紧要。
@ChicagoChicagoChicagoChicago
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 Oh the enemy you can’t live without for your existence!
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 哦，这个敌人是你生存所不能缺少的！
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692
@ChicagoChicagoChicagoChicago that was long time ago. Nowadays the US is a major obstacle for the survival. It will make everything possible against Europe.
@ChicagoChicagoChicagoChicago 那是很久以前的事了。如今，美国是生存的主要障碍。它会尽一切可能对抗欧洲。
@kjungst
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 true, but it the two option choice, even Europe will be a Chinese servant or US servant. Choice is obvious
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 没错，但这是二选一，欧洲要么成为中国的仆人，要么成为美国的仆人。选择是显而易见的。
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692
@kjungst I don't think it is this choice to make. Europe can find its way to live without being servant to anyone. If it wants...
@kjungst 我认为没必要做这种选择。如果欧洲愿意，它可以找到不成为任何人的仆人而生存下去的方法。
@tooltalk
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 : in terms of trade, China is an enemy. There are well over 100+ anti-dumping duty (ADD) and countervailing duty (CVD) to counter China's anti-market practices: dumping or illegal subsidies. The US is the largest consumption nation or market in the world.
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692：就贸易而言，中国是敌人。目前有超过100多项反倾销税（ADD）和反补贴税（CVD）来对抗中国的反市场行为：倾销或非法补贴。美国是全球最大的消费国或市场。
@TheKkpop1
@tooltalk It's dumping, overproduction or subsidy when you cannot compete with Made in China. Chinese entrepreneurs are accustomed to fierce competition to the extent the Chinese government set law to prohibit EV makers selling cars at a very thin margin.
@tooltalk 当你无法与中国制造竞争时，就称之为倾销、产能过剩或补贴。中国企业家已经习惯了激烈的竞争，以至于中国政府制定了法律，禁止电动汽车制造商以极低的利润销售汽车。
@JakeMagtera-m9s
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 For many Europeans, the US is the enemy and China is the competitor. But who was the first to start the EV car trend? For me, China is evil — their goal is to dominate the EV car industry so they can eliminate their rivals. China’s intention is to flood Europe with cheap EV cars and other products to destroy other countries’ industries and make them dependent on China.
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 对许多欧洲人来说，美国是敌人，中国是竞争对手。但谁才是电动汽车趋势的鼻祖？在我看来，中国是xieE的——他们的目标是统治电动汽车行业，从而消灭竞争对手。中国的意图是用廉价的电动汽车和其他产品淹没欧洲，摧HUI其他国家的工业，让他们依赖中国。
@thefourthrabbit9516
@JakeMagtera-m9s If you cannot win, just call them evil, attribute the worst intentions. And then rely on them. This will make you happy.
@JakeMagtera-m9s 如果你赢不了，就称他们为邪恶，并归结于最坏的意图。然后继续依赖他们。这样你会开心的。
@Beowulfsg
@JakeMagtera-m9s Asian nations learn from the best which is Western nations, use technology to dominate others. Only difference is one used violence and colonized others, while the other uses market competition. Even today western nations are using technology/financial means to subjugate other countries, the only difference is now Europe is getting stung by US as well.
@JakeMagtera-m9s 亚洲国家向最强者（即西方国家）学习，利用技术统治他人。唯一的区别在于，一方曾使用暴力和殖民，而另一方利用市场竞争。即便是今天，西方国家仍在利用技术和金融手段奴役其他国家，唯一的区别是现在欧洲也被美国伤害了。
@qiangqiangzhang8320
@JakeMagtera-m9s For the past 30 years, Europe has had a large trade surplus with China, and Chinese capital has been flowing into Europe. Back then, no one thought China was evil, and no one said that Europe had overcapacity. This is a double standard.
@JakeMagtera-m9s 在过去的30年里，欧洲对中国拥有巨大的贸易顺差，中国资本一直在流入欧洲。那时没有人认为中国是邪恶的，也没人说欧洲产能过剩。这是双重标准。
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692
@JakeMagtera-m9s EVs are not evil. They are a necessity and Europe must find its way there (as it must do in orher areas too, as Energy). China does not want Europe's harm. It is for them a market as other ones. The US today wants Europe to fail for many reasons, especially political. For the present far-right movement that dominates there (and will do it for a long time) Europe must be broken.
@JakeMagtera-m9s 电动汽车并不邪恶。它们是必需品，欧洲必须找到自己的出路（正如在能源等其他领域也必须做的那样）。中国并不想伤害欧洲。对他们来说，欧洲和其他地方一样只是一个市场。而今天的美国出于多种原因（尤其是政治原因）希望欧洲失败。对于目前在那里占主导地位（且将长期持续）的极右翼运动来说，欧洲必须被瓦解。
@dangdaiwu4690
@JakeMagtera-m9s It's just because of the fierce domestic competition that Chinese cars are more competitive，which European carmakers are not dare to face
@JakeMagtera-m9s 只是因为国内激烈的竞争才使得中国汽车更具竞争力，而欧洲汽车制造商不敢面对这一点。
@Dordordord
US is not a competitor, but a predator.
美国不是竞争对手，而是掠夺者。
@wage1346
The US is the enemy for Europe.
美国是欧洲的敌人。
@darklegion7780
Oh we know and our corrupt "leaders" know that also. Guess who pays them
哦，我们知道，我们那些腐败的“领导人”也知道。猜猜是谁给他们发薪水的。
@saxongoold7832
Oh we’re realising don’t worry!
哦，我们正在意识到这一点，别担心！
@侯斯基
没错，中国只想赚钱，美国想拉你们下地狱
@Sisisopi
No, Europeans are being controlled by so-called ideology, assuming that the US will always stand by their side. They will wake up one day，but no body knows how long it takes, look at these hypocritical politician， you just can’t find the future being led by these idiots.
不，欧洲人正被所谓的意识形态所控制，假设美国会永远站在他们一边。他们总有一天会醒悟，但没人知道这需要多久。看看这些虚伪的政客，在这些白痴的领导下，你根本看不到未来。
@MarkMa1979
欧洲人从来也没反思过，这么多年，是谁在一直挖他们墙角，阻止他们发展
@countdooku4955
@MarkMa1979 They have done that themselves
@MarkMa1979 他们是自作自受。
@tooltalk
Neither China or US sees EU as a competitor anymore. That ended like two decades ago.
中国和美国都不再把欧盟视为竞争对手了。那在二十年前就结束了。
@ardaisldar6758
That is beyond the point - besides a friend can be a competitor
这不重要——而且朋友也可以是竞争对手。
@puppiepoppy
Competition is good. But USA is more than European’s competitor….its like a poisonous snake coiled up.
竞争是好事。但美国不仅仅是欧洲的竞争对手……它就像一条盘踞着的毒蛇。
@JIMMY-nz1ld
How can you be an a competitor when europe is surrounded by us militaries bases?
当欧洲被美国军事基地包围时，你怎么可能成为竞争对手？
@royl7107
"if you buy equipment from China, they will never give you the best products". With that mentality, you will definitely lose. So US will give you the best? Stop worshipping US like they are your master. Did China get the best chips from nevidia? Work with what you have and work around.
“如果你从中国购买设备，他们绝不会给你最好的产品”。抱着这种心态，你必输无疑。难道美国就会给你最好的吗？别再像对待主人一样崇拜美国了。中国从英伟达拿到最好的芯片了吗？利用你所拥有的资源去努力，并寻找替代方案。
@kjungst
Replace US with China and you will be right.
把美国换成中国，你就说对了。
@泰山北斗-o7e
当年欧盟妄想挑战美元，结果科索沃战争
@longin-b6f
@泰山北斗-o7e Не говорете за неща които не познавате. Иначе ние ще почнем да обсъждаме положението в Съчуан...
@泰山北斗-o7e 不要谈论你不了解的事情。否则，我们就要开始讨论四川的情况了……
@kjungst
@泰山北斗-o7e akurat wojnę w Kosowie rozpętały Niemcy, bo Europa budowała przeciwwagę dla Niemiec. Tak zwane hexagonale, unię państw jugo-słowiańskich.
@泰山北斗-o7e 恰恰是德国挑起了科索沃战争，因为欧洲当时正在建立一种制衡德国的力量。即所谓的“六角形集团”，也就是南斯拉夫国家联盟。
@cheesypuffs1342
saboteur
FIFY
blows up Nordstream
blocks Hormuz
soon they'll cut off your oil & gas
破坏者。帮你修正一下。炸毁北溪管道，封锁霍尔木兹海峡，很快他们就会切断你们的石油和天然气。
@windglorcn8944
@cheesypuffs1342 Meanwhile, the "awakening culture" and other ideologies in the United States have destroyed the national traditions of Europe
@cheesypuffs1342 与此同时，美国的“觉醒文化”和其他意识形态已经摧毁了欧洲的国家传统。
@阿莱克斯-v7i
When BMW MBenz VG cars were sold very expensively with huge quantities in China in the past, Chinese people never said German cars and companies are dangerous.
过去当宝马、奔驰、大众汽车在中国高价大量销售时，中国人从未说过德国车和德国公司是危险的。
@hal962
德国在2017年汽车出口量创历史峰值。按德国人口 and 汽车出口量的等比，现在中国需要出口每年一亿量汽车。噢，我的老天爷，中国人产能过剩！ 弱者的借口真令人可笑
@arfranztv1705
Europe instead of competing China they are so jealous of China right now...
欧洲现在不但不与中国竞争，反而对中国充满嫉妒。
@cchayk
@arfranztv1705 The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has just begun....
@arfranztv1705 中华民族的伟大复兴才刚刚开始。
@李峰-u6i
@arfranztv1705 他们已经把工厂全都搬到中国了
@cchayk
@李峰-u6i BS. EV cars is a whole new industry. Don't confused with ICE cars....
@李峰-u6i 瞎扯。电动汽车是一个全新的行业。别把它们和燃油车混为一谈。
@Arend-q8p
@cchayk You are aware that Western and Japanese auto companies established MANY high output ICE auto factories in China to profit hugely from China's domestic auto market? They include Ford, Volkswagen (Sorry, DW 'News'!) Stellantis, Nissan, and Toyota. Western media has shifted focus from ICE auto production in China because their fossil fuel sponsors wish to hide the fact that ICE cars are already a dying industry, even if neo luddites are still in denial about this. So the EV car factories that European and US (!) auto companies established in China will largely replace their ICE and hybrid factories in the future. Ultimately the effect is the same as if they transferred most of their auto production - ICE, hybrid, and EV - to China. And if European automakers persist in clinging to ICE and hybrid car production in Europe as EV technology and practicality steadily improve, they will only make themselves even less competitive. China is not responsible for the quality decline in Volkswagen's European made ICE cars!
@cchayk 你是否意识到西方和日本汽车公司在中国建立了许多高产量的燃油车工厂，以便从中国国内汽车市场获取巨额利润？其中包括福特、大众、斯特兰蒂斯、日产和丰田。西方媒体已经转移了对中国燃油车生产的关注，因为他们的化石燃料赞助商希望掩盖燃油车已是夕阳产业的事实，即使新卢德分子仍在否认这一点。因此，欧洲和美国汽车公司在中国建立的电动汽车工厂未来将很大程度上取代其燃油车和混合动力工厂。最终的效果等同于他们将大部分汽车生产（包括燃油、混动和电动）转移到了中国。如果欧洲汽车制造商在电动车技术和实用性稳步提高的情况下，仍坚持在欧洲固守燃油车和混动车生产，他们只会让自己更缺乏竞争力。大众汽车在欧洲制造的燃油车质量下降，这可不该由中国负责。
@Netsurf123
It's the usual western, kind of childish hypocrisy: When they are competitive, it's strength, when others are competitive, it's dangerous, so ridiculous...!
这是典型的西方、带有孩子气的伪善：当他们有竞争力时，那就是实力；当别人有竞争力时，那就是危险。太可笑了！
@albertcadgame8314
@Netsurf123 That is how losers will always be losers, they never examine why they lacked behind and why others advanced so quickly. The very first thing they do is quote "It's the usual western, kind of childish hypocrisy: When they are competitive, it's strength, when others are competitive, it's dangerous"
@Netsurf123 这就是为什么失败者永远是失败者，他们从不反思自己为什么落后，也不思考为什么别人进步得这么快。他们做的第一件事就是搬出那套：“这是典型的西方、带有孩子气的伪善：当他们有竞争力时，那就是实力；当别人有竞争力时，那就是危险”。
@liuantony638
@Netsurf123 disgusting
@Netsurf123 令人作呕。
@daniel931016
@Netsurf123 it is not about competition but about control. And the impact of control on batteries is much greater than on combustion engines. it is much easier to manufacture your own combustion engines.
@Netsurf123 这关乎的不是竞争，而是控制。控制电池所带来的影响远比控制内燃机要大。制造自己的内燃机要容易得多。
@MaRcKsCo
There is a big difference between exporting a product or building and selling that product in a country.
出口产品与在一个国家直接生产并销售该产品之间有很大区别。
@dordorfromhk-hj5vo
The cost of running EV is 8 times lower than petrol in Shenzhen, China. I got a Mercedes EQB, the cost per 100km is around US$1.50 in Shenzhen. The charge per KW is US$0.1, of which$0.06 is service fee charged by the service provider, $0.04 for electricity.
在中国深圳，电动车的运行成本比汽油车低8倍。我买了一辆梅赛德斯 EQB，在深圳每百公里的成本约为1.50美元。每千瓦时的费用是0.1美元，其中0.06美元是服务商收取的服务费，0.04美元是电费。
@disarchitected
@dordorfromhk-hj5vo I got an EV in China, non of the European brands made sense in terms of value for money. Ended up in Xpeng G6. How come you got a EQB?
@dordorfromhk-hj5vo 我在中国也买了一辆电动车，从性价比来看，欧洲品牌没有任何优势。我最终买了小鹏 G6。你怎么会买 EQB？
@dordorfromhk-hj5vo
@disarchitected i bought it 3 years ago. The quality of the car is good. But the navigation system is suck.
@disarchitected 我是3年前买的。车的质量很好，但导航系统简直烂透了。
@aspiromy
Exactly visited 1990s-pre-pandemic noted most most taxis of VW Santana jv SAIC et al, fastrack to 2026 returned from Shenzhen last week street full NEV plate galore with BYD m6 as their taxi including odd driverless GAC Aion V special commercial zone, don’t hate the player, hate the game.
没错。我在20世纪90年代到疫情前访问过中国，注意到当时大多数出租车都是上汽大众桑塔纳等合资车型；快进到2026年，上周我刚从中国深圳回来，街上到处都是新能源牌照，出租车用的是比亚迪 M6，甚至在特别商业区还有零星的广汽埃安 V 无人驾驶车。别怪玩家，要怪就怪规则。
@captives6479
How can they be dangerous if the German cars were expensive? People usually think something is dangerous because it's cheap.
如果德国车很贵，它们怎么会危险呢？人们通常认为某样东西危险是因为它便宜。
@daniel931016
@captives6479 no, it is the control that is dangerous. China has close to monopoly on both the manufacturing and the supply chain.
@captives6479 不，危险的是这种控制力。中国在制造和供应链方面都接近垄断。
@broadcastwithatg5195
Technically every foreign car maker in China have to work with local company
从技术上讲，中国的每一家外国汽车制造商都必须与当地公司合作。
@markuc
@broadcastwithatg5195 nope ever heard of Tesla Shanghai?
@broadcastwithatg5195 不，听说过特斯拉上海工厂吗？
@broadcastwithatg5195
@markuc it just rarest thing maybe they want to Chinese works to become specialist in evs and create a infra , Chinese vehicles as ICE suckes no mileage no power
@markuc 这只是极个别的案例。也许他们想让中国工人在电动汽车领域变得专业并建立基础设施。中国的燃油车很烂，没里程也没动力。
@daniel931016
No one is saying that Chinese companies or cars are dangerous, they say that Chinese CONTROL is dangerous.
没有人说中国公司或中国车危险，他们是说中国的“控制”很危险。
@AnimaChronix3
Because the German moved production there and shared their technology with China. China needed that to make leaps in car manufacturing and now Europe will expect the favour to be returned for EV battery
因为德国人把生产转移到了那里，并与中国分享了技术。中国需要这些来实现汽车制造的跨越式发展，现在欧洲希望中国在电动汽车电池方面也能给予同样的回报。
@dawner84
@AnimaChronix3 already invested in EU like Hungary. other place DE/FR? its u not allow.
@AnimaChronix3 已经在匈牙利等欧盟国家投资了。至于德国或法国等其他地方？是你们自己不允许。
@taraja1651
Two reasons why northvolt failed:
1.Rapid expansion without test proof of product.
2.Poor execution strategy
Northvolt 失败的两个原因：
1. 在产品未经验证的情况下盲目扩张。
2. 执行策略糟糕。
@safewaycart
add mismanagement, greed, poor analytical skills, money-induced overconfidence, weak drive and absent sense of responsability of the company's leaders
再加上管理不善、贪婪、分析能力差、金钱带来的过度自信、动力不足以及公司领导层缺乏责任感。
@cia5649
@safewaycart this is the thing! northvolth was so mismanaged by people who wanted a quick buck and instead of fixing that issue the swedish goverment let it fail and sold it to americans
@safewaycart 就是这样！Northvolt 被一群只想赚快钱的人管理得一团糟，瑞典政府不仅没有解决问题，反而任其倒闭并卖给了美国人。
@krillevon1415
@safewaycart The CEO took out like 200 million the week before collapse also
@safewaycart 首席执行官在崩盘前一周还套现了大约2亿。
@emilsohn1671
And another; They positioned their factory out in the middle of nowhere. Hard to get qualified labour when you nowhere near anything.
还有一个原因：他们把工厂设在荒郊野外。当你远离任何繁华地带时，很难招到合格的劳动力。
@cia5649
@emilsohn1671 nah that wasnt a factor
@emilsohn1671 不，那不是主要因素。
@tooltalk
Elon Musk coined the term "production hell" to refer to the 2017–2019 crisis where Tesla struggled to mass-produce the Model 3, causing massive, unprofitable bottlenecks. This is also very common in the battery industry: LG, which operates the EU's largest battery plant in Poland, for instance, spent 3 years and bled untold millions until they stabilized and reached 90% production yield. Panasonic, who supplies EV batteries to Tesla in Nevada went through similar production ramp pain when it transitioned to 2180 back in 2018, some estimating over $1B in loss. And LG & Panasonic were the industry leaders at the time with most industrial know-how. Northvolt never made batteries before and also had unique difficulties, especially dealing upstream suppliers from China. They were also a bit too overconfident and overbuilt and overpromised.
埃隆·马斯克创造了“生产地狱”一词，用来指代2017至2019年间特斯拉在量产 Model 3 时面临的危机，当时造成了巨大的、无利可图的瓶颈。这在电池行业也非常普遍：例如在波兰运营欧盟最大电池厂的 LG，花了3年时间并亏损了无数资金才稳定下来并使成品率达到90%。
2018年松下在内华达州为特斯拉供应电动汽车电池时，在转向 2180 电池的过程中也经历了类似的产能提升痛苦，有人估计损失超过10亿美元。而 LG 和松下在当时还是拥有最多工业诀窍的行业领导者。Northvolt 以前从未制造过电池，还面临着各自的困难，特别是在打理来自中国的上游供应商方面。他们也有点过于自信，过度建设且过度承诺。
@kristofvoros6120
@tooltalk Perfectly said. We experienced it in Hungary, my former workplace needs insane subsidies just to keep running. It takes a decade to build up a robust european supply chain, and it needs a lot of money. And even if you get production going, your product may get outdated. Nobody likes these types of risks in Europe, but not investing is also a bad idea! I wouldn't want to be a manager in the battery sector, that's for sure.
@tooltalk 说得太对了。我们在匈牙利也经历过这种情况，我以前工作的地方需要巨额补贴才能维持运转。建立一个强大的欧洲供应链需要十年时间，并且需要投入大量资金。而且即使你投产了，你的产品也可能过时。在欧洲没有人喜欢这类风险，但不投资也是个坏主意。我肯定不想成为电池行业的经理。
@dysonyamagata1133
他们失败的原因只有一个，那就是这个公司里没有人真正懂电化学。
@taraja1651
@dysonyamagata1133 I get your point but that's not accurate, I know several of their engineers and scientists, many were fresh PhD's and others were from companies with proven electrolysis technology..I didn't mention this but I actually studied and lived in Sweden and I know where their plant was..
@dysonyamagata1133 我明白你的意思，但这并不准确。我认识他们的好几位工程师和科学家，其中许多是刚毕业的博士，还有一些来自拥有成熟电解技术的公司。我之前没提到，其实我曾在瑞典学习和生活过，我知道他们的工厂在哪里。
@janusli8820
They chose to expand KNOWING they can't deliver test proof of product. So the two reason are actually fraud and corruption.
他们在明知无法提供产品测试证明的情况下选择扩张。所以这两个原因实际上是欺诈和腐败。
@Pepe-dq2ib
and having to environmental laws.
还有必须遵守环境法。
@zx9260
还有一个很重要的原因。你们国家的国民被高福利养懒了。
@johnkimanthi401
Thing's which make production to become uncompetitive. 1. High cost of power 2. Cost of labour.
导致生产失去竞争力的因素：1. 高昂的能源成本 2. 劳动力成本。
@kristofvoros6120
@johnkimanthi401 Not true. You only need one: Lack of knowledge. The others can be treated with automation and innovation.
@johnkimanthi401 不对。只需要一个原因：缺乏知识。其他的可以通过自动化和创新来解决。
@cia5649
@johnkimanthi401 not even the issue
@johnkimanthi401 这甚至都不是问题。
You folks in Europe didn't realize this yet: the US is not a friend... It's a competitor.
你们欧洲人还没意识到这一点：美国不是朋友，而是竞争对手。
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692
China is a competitor. The US is an enemy.
中国是竞争对手，美国是敌人。
@nathanchiang5898
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 哈哈哈，觉醒的欧洲人
@kjungst
@nathanchiang5898 that what happens whe elites rule too long, you will have that in China too.
@nathanchiang5898 这就是精英统治太久的后果，在中国也会发生这种事。
@jackbarton4789
@kjungst China has had a dictator for along time. Luckily for the Chinese he does care about them and he is fairly popular. Whereas Trump’s narcism prevents him from caring about anyone other than himself. This makes a big difference.
@kjungst 中国长期以来都有领导者，幸运的是，他确实关心民众且相当受欢迎。而特朗普的自恋让他除了自己谁都不在乎。这有着很大的区别。
@windglorcn8944
@jackbarton4789 You have no understanding of China at all. Although China only has grassroots elections, there are no universal elections. But there are sextions. But every middle and high-level official is sexted based on their achievements, reputation, and other factors, and there can be no fools. You can say this is dictator, but I would call it efficient.
@jackbarton4789 你完全不了解中国。虽然中国只有基层选举，没有普选，但存在选拔机制。每一位中高级官员都是根据政绩、声望等因素选拔出来的，不可能有愚蠢之辈。你可以说这是专制，但我称之为高效。
@jackbarton4789
@windglorcn8944 If you reread my comment you might realise that I wasn’t trying to disrespect China at all. It is the American people who have no idea how bad their lot is.
@windglorcn8944 如果你再读一遍我的评论，你可能会意识到我根本没有不尊重中国的意思。是美国人不知道自己的处境有多糟糕。
@windglorcn8944
@jackbarton4789 Sorry, my wording may have been too extreme. But what I am expressing is that China is centralized but not dictatorial. Choosing a rational leader is not luck, it is a high probability event.
@jackbarton4789 抱歉，我的措辞可能太极端了。但我想表达的是，中国是集权而非专制。选择一位理性的领导人不是靠运气，而是一个大概率事件。
@GKP999
@nathanchiang5898 History shows that all countries and empires rise and fall. No one is on top forever.
@nathanchiang5898 历史表明，所有的国家和帝国都会兴衰更替。没有人能永远处于顶峰。
@HellespontNicholas
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 I can't agree more, you just nailed it.
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 我完全同意，你说得太对了。
@carholic-sz3qv
@HellespontNicholas exactly!
@HellespontNicholas 的确如此！
@RedSunriseOnTheHorizon
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 exactly
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 的确如此
@Vladislove-i7h
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 If only EU was competitive
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 要是欧盟有竞争力就好了
@carholic-sz3qv
@Vladislove-i7h EU is actually competitive its just the decisions that they made years ago.
@Vladislove-i7h 欧盟实际上是有竞争力的，只是由于他们多年前做出的决定。
@Vladislove-i7h
@carholic-sz3qv Dont you see the contradiction? Decisions you make years ago define your future. EU has not done any good decisions ever
@carholic-sz3qv 你没看到矛盾之处吗？多年前做的决定定义了你的未来。欧盟从未做出过任何明智的决定。
@shawoomco
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 right. Russia and Iran are alies
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 对。俄罗斯和伊朗是盟友。
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692
@shawoomco yes. And that's irrelevant.
@shawoomco 是的。但这无关紧要。
@ChicagoChicagoChicagoChicago
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 Oh the enemy you can’t live without for your existence!
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 哦，这个敌人是你生存所不能缺少的！
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692
@ChicagoChicagoChicagoChicago that was long time ago. Nowadays the US is a major obstacle for the survival. It will make everything possible against Europe.
@ChicagoChicagoChicagoChicago 那是很久以前的事了。如今，美国是生存的主要障碍。它会尽一切可能对抗欧洲。
@kjungst
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 true, but it the two option choice, even Europe will be a Chinese servant or US servant. Choice is obvious
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 没错，但这是二选一，欧洲要么成为中国的仆人，要么成为美国的仆人。选择是显而易见的。
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692
@kjungst I don't think it is this choice to make. Europe can find its way to live without being servant to anyone. If it wants...
@kjungst 我认为没必要做这种选择。如果欧洲愿意，它可以找到不成为任何人的仆人而生存下去的方法。
@tooltalk
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 : in terms of trade, China is an enemy. There are well over 100+ anti-dumping duty (ADD) and countervailing duty (CVD) to counter China's anti-market practices: dumping or illegal subsidies. The US is the largest consumption nation or market in the world.
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692：就贸易而言，中国是敌人。目前有超过100多项反倾销税（ADD）和反补贴税（CVD）来对抗中国的反市场行为：倾销或非法补贴。美国是全球最大的消费国或市场。
@TheKkpop1
@tooltalk It's dumping, overproduction or subsidy when you cannot compete with Made in China. Chinese entrepreneurs are accustomed to fierce competition to the extent the Chinese government set law to prohibit EV makers selling cars at a very thin margin.
@tooltalk 当你无法与中国制造竞争时，就称之为倾销、产能过剩或补贴。中国企业家已经习惯了激烈的竞争，以至于中国政府制定了法律，禁止电动汽车制造商以极低的利润销售汽车。
@JakeMagtera-m9s
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 For many Europeans, the US is the enemy and China is the competitor. But who was the first to start the EV car trend? For me, China is evil — their goal is to dominate the EV car industry so they can eliminate their rivals. China’s intention is to flood Europe with cheap EV cars and other products to destroy other countries’ industries and make them dependent on China.
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692 对许多欧洲人来说，美国是敌人，中国是竞争对手。但谁才是电动汽车趋势的鼻祖？在我看来，中国是xieE的——他们的目标是统治电动汽车行业，从而消灭竞争对手。中国的意图是用廉价的电动汽车和其他产品淹没欧洲，摧HUI其他国家的工业，让他们依赖中国。
@thefourthrabbit9516
@JakeMagtera-m9s If you cannot win, just call them evil, attribute the worst intentions. And then rely on them. This will make you happy.
@JakeMagtera-m9s 如果你赢不了，就称他们为邪恶，并归结于最坏的意图。然后继续依赖他们。这样你会开心的。
@Beowulfsg
@JakeMagtera-m9s Asian nations learn from the best which is Western nations, use technology to dominate others. Only difference is one used violence and colonized others, while the other uses market competition. Even today western nations are using technology/financial means to subjugate other countries, the only difference is now Europe is getting stung by US as well.
@JakeMagtera-m9s 亚洲国家向最强者（即西方国家）学习，利用技术统治他人。唯一的区别在于，一方曾使用暴力和殖民，而另一方利用市场竞争。即便是今天，西方国家仍在利用技术和金融手段奴役其他国家，唯一的区别是现在欧洲也被美国伤害了。
@qiangqiangzhang8320
@JakeMagtera-m9s For the past 30 years, Europe has had a large trade surplus with China, and Chinese capital has been flowing into Europe. Back then, no one thought China was evil, and no one said that Europe had overcapacity. This is a double standard.
@JakeMagtera-m9s 在过去的30年里，欧洲对中国拥有巨大的贸易顺差，中国资本一直在流入欧洲。那时没有人认为中国是邪恶的，也没人说欧洲产能过剩。这是双重标准。
@gesilsampaioamarantesegund6692
@JakeMagtera-m9s EVs are not evil. They are a necessity and Europe must find its way there (as it must do in orher areas too, as Energy). China does not want Europe's harm. It is for them a market as other ones. The US today wants Europe to fail for many reasons, especially political. For the present far-right movement that dominates there (and will do it for a long time) Europe must be broken.
@JakeMagtera-m9s 电动汽车并不邪恶。它们是必需品，欧洲必须找到自己的出路（正如在能源等其他领域也必须做的那样）。中国并不想伤害欧洲。对他们来说，欧洲和其他地方一样只是一个市场。而今天的美国出于多种原因（尤其是政治原因）希望欧洲失败。对于目前在那里占主导地位（且将长期持续）的极右翼运动来说，欧洲必须被瓦解。
@dangdaiwu4690
@JakeMagtera-m9s It's just because of the fierce domestic competition that Chinese cars are more competitive，which European carmakers are not dare to face
@JakeMagtera-m9s 只是因为国内激烈的竞争才使得中国汽车更具竞争力，而欧洲汽车制造商不敢面对这一点。
@Dordordord
US is not a competitor, but a predator.
美国不是竞争对手，而是掠夺者。
@wage1346
The US is the enemy for Europe.
美国是欧洲的敌人。
@darklegion7780
Oh we know and our corrupt "leaders" know that also. Guess who pays them
哦，我们知道，我们那些腐败的“领导人”也知道。猜猜是谁给他们发薪水的。
@saxongoold7832
Oh we’re realising don’t worry!
哦，我们正在意识到这一点，别担心！
@侯斯基
没错，中国只想赚钱，美国想拉你们下地狱
@Sisisopi
No, Europeans are being controlled by so-called ideology, assuming that the US will always stand by their side. They will wake up one day，but no body knows how long it takes, look at these hypocritical politician， you just can’t find the future being led by these idiots.
不，欧洲人正被所谓的意识形态所控制，假设美国会永远站在他们一边。他们总有一天会醒悟，但没人知道这需要多久。看看这些虚伪的政客，在这些白痴的领导下，你根本看不到未来。
@MarkMa1979
欧洲人从来也没反思过，这么多年，是谁在一直挖他们墙角，阻止他们发展
@countdooku4955
@MarkMa1979 They have done that themselves
@MarkMa1979 他们是自作自受。
@tooltalk
Neither China or US sees EU as a competitor anymore. That ended like two decades ago.
中国和美国都不再把欧盟视为竞争对手了。那在二十年前就结束了。
@ardaisldar6758
That is beyond the point - besides a friend can be a competitor
这不重要——而且朋友也可以是竞争对手。
@puppiepoppy
Competition is good. But USA is more than European’s competitor….its like a poisonous snake coiled up.
竞争是好事。但美国不仅仅是欧洲的竞争对手……它就像一条盘踞着的毒蛇。
@JIMMY-nz1ld
How can you be an a competitor when europe is surrounded by us militaries bases?
当欧洲被美国军事基地包围时，你怎么可能成为竞争对手？
@royl7107
"if you buy equipment from China, they will never give you the best products". With that mentality, you will definitely lose. So US will give you the best? Stop worshipping US like they are your master. Did China get the best chips from nevidia? Work with what you have and work around.
“如果你从中国购买设备，他们绝不会给你最好的产品”。抱着这种心态，你必输无疑。难道美国就会给你最好的吗？别再像对待主人一样崇拜美国了。中国从英伟达拿到最好的芯片了吗？利用你所拥有的资源去努力，并寻找替代方案。
@kjungst
Replace US with China and you will be right.
把美国换成中国，你就说对了。
@泰山北斗-o7e
当年欧盟妄想挑战美元，结果科索沃战争
@longin-b6f
@泰山北斗-o7e Не говорете за неща които не познавате. Иначе ние ще почнем да обсъждаме положението в Съчуан...
@泰山北斗-o7e 不要谈论你不了解的事情。否则，我们就要开始讨论四川的情况了……
@kjungst
@泰山北斗-o7e akurat wojnę w Kosowie rozpętały Niemcy, bo Europa budowała przeciwwagę dla Niemiec. Tak zwane hexagonale, unię państw jugo-słowiańskich.
@泰山北斗-o7e 恰恰是德国挑起了科索沃战争，因为欧洲当时正在建立一种制衡德国的力量。即所谓的“六角形集团”，也就是南斯拉夫国家联盟。
@cheesypuffs1342
saboteur
FIFY
blows up Nordstream
blocks Hormuz
soon they'll cut off your oil & gas
破坏者。帮你修正一下。炸毁北溪管道，封锁霍尔木兹海峡，很快他们就会切断你们的石油和天然气。
@windglorcn8944
@cheesypuffs1342 Meanwhile, the "awakening culture" and other ideologies in the United States have destroyed the national traditions of Europe
@cheesypuffs1342 与此同时，美国的“觉醒文化”和其他意识形态已经摧毁了欧洲的国家传统。
@阿莱克斯-v7i
When BMW MBenz VG cars were sold very expensively with huge quantities in China in the past, Chinese people never said German cars and companies are dangerous.
过去当宝马、奔驰、大众汽车在中国高价大量销售时，中国人从未说过德国车和德国公司是危险的。
@hal962
德国在2017年汽车出口量创历史峰值。按德国人口 and 汽车出口量的等比，现在中国需要出口每年一亿量汽车。噢，我的老天爷，中国人产能过剩！ 弱者的借口真令人可笑
@arfranztv1705
Europe instead of competing China they are so jealous of China right now...
欧洲现在不但不与中国竞争，反而对中国充满嫉妒。
@cchayk
@arfranztv1705 The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has just begun....
@arfranztv1705 中华民族的伟大复兴才刚刚开始。
@李峰-u6i
@arfranztv1705 他们已经把工厂全都搬到中国了
@cchayk
@李峰-u6i BS. EV cars is a whole new industry. Don't confused with ICE cars....
@李峰-u6i 瞎扯。电动汽车是一个全新的行业。别把它们和燃油车混为一谈。
@Arend-q8p
@cchayk You are aware that Western and Japanese auto companies established MANY high output ICE auto factories in China to profit hugely from China's domestic auto market? They include Ford, Volkswagen (Sorry, DW 'News'!) Stellantis, Nissan, and Toyota. Western media has shifted focus from ICE auto production in China because their fossil fuel sponsors wish to hide the fact that ICE cars are already a dying industry, even if neo luddites are still in denial about this. So the EV car factories that European and US (!) auto companies established in China will largely replace their ICE and hybrid factories in the future. Ultimately the effect is the same as if they transferred most of their auto production - ICE, hybrid, and EV - to China. And if European automakers persist in clinging to ICE and hybrid car production in Europe as EV technology and practicality steadily improve, they will only make themselves even less competitive. China is not responsible for the quality decline in Volkswagen's European made ICE cars!
@cchayk 你是否意识到西方和日本汽车公司在中国建立了许多高产量的燃油车工厂，以便从中国国内汽车市场获取巨额利润？其中包括福特、大众、斯特兰蒂斯、日产和丰田。西方媒体已经转移了对中国燃油车生产的关注，因为他们的化石燃料赞助商希望掩盖燃油车已是夕阳产业的事实，即使新卢德分子仍在否认这一点。因此，欧洲和美国汽车公司在中国建立的电动汽车工厂未来将很大程度上取代其燃油车和混合动力工厂。最终的效果等同于他们将大部分汽车生产（包括燃油、混动和电动）转移到了中国。如果欧洲汽车制造商在电动车技术和实用性稳步提高的情况下，仍坚持在欧洲固守燃油车和混动车生产，他们只会让自己更缺乏竞争力。大众汽车在欧洲制造的燃油车质量下降，这可不该由中国负责。
@Netsurf123
It's the usual western, kind of childish hypocrisy: When they are competitive, it's strength, when others are competitive, it's dangerous, so ridiculous...!
这是典型的西方、带有孩子气的伪善：当他们有竞争力时，那就是实力；当别人有竞争力时，那就是危险。太可笑了！
@albertcadgame8314
@Netsurf123 That is how losers will always be losers, they never examine why they lacked behind and why others advanced so quickly. The very first thing they do is quote "It's the usual western, kind of childish hypocrisy: When they are competitive, it's strength, when others are competitive, it's dangerous"
@Netsurf123 这就是为什么失败者永远是失败者，他们从不反思自己为什么落后，也不思考为什么别人进步得这么快。他们做的第一件事就是搬出那套：“这是典型的西方、带有孩子气的伪善：当他们有竞争力时，那就是实力；当别人有竞争力时，那就是危险”。
@liuantony638
@Netsurf123 disgusting
@Netsurf123 令人作呕。
@daniel931016
@Netsurf123 it is not about competition but about control. And the impact of control on batteries is much greater than on combustion engines. it is much easier to manufacture your own combustion engines.
@Netsurf123 这关乎的不是竞争，而是控制。控制电池所带来的影响远比控制内燃机要大。制造自己的内燃机要容易得多。
@MaRcKsCo
There is a big difference between exporting a product or building and selling that product in a country.
出口产品与在一个国家直接生产并销售该产品之间有很大区别。
@dordorfromhk-hj5vo
The cost of running EV is 8 times lower than petrol in Shenzhen, China. I got a Mercedes EQB, the cost per 100km is around US$1.50 in Shenzhen. The charge per KW is US$0.1, of which$0.06 is service fee charged by the service provider, $0.04 for electricity.
在中国深圳，电动车的运行成本比汽油车低8倍。我买了一辆梅赛德斯 EQB，在深圳每百公里的成本约为1.50美元。每千瓦时的费用是0.1美元，其中0.06美元是服务商收取的服务费，0.04美元是电费。
@disarchitected
@dordorfromhk-hj5vo I got an EV in China, non of the European brands made sense in terms of value for money. Ended up in Xpeng G6. How come you got a EQB?
@dordorfromhk-hj5vo 我在中国也买了一辆电动车，从性价比来看，欧洲品牌没有任何优势。我最终买了小鹏 G6。你怎么会买 EQB？
@dordorfromhk-hj5vo
@disarchitected i bought it 3 years ago. The quality of the car is good. But the navigation system is suck.
@disarchitected 我是3年前买的。车的质量很好，但导航系统简直烂透了。
@aspiromy
Exactly visited 1990s-pre-pandemic noted most most taxis of VW Santana jv SAIC et al, fastrack to 2026 returned from Shenzhen last week street full NEV plate galore with BYD m6 as their taxi including odd driverless GAC Aion V special commercial zone, don’t hate the player, hate the game.
没错。我在20世纪90年代到疫情前访问过中国，注意到当时大多数出租车都是上汽大众桑塔纳等合资车型；快进到2026年，上周我刚从中国深圳回来，街上到处都是新能源牌照，出租车用的是比亚迪 M6，甚至在特别商业区还有零星的广汽埃安 V 无人驾驶车。别怪玩家，要怪就怪规则。
@captives6479
How can they be dangerous if the German cars were expensive? People usually think something is dangerous because it's cheap.
如果德国车很贵，它们怎么会危险呢？人们通常认为某样东西危险是因为它便宜。
@daniel931016
@captives6479 no, it is the control that is dangerous. China has close to monopoly on both the manufacturing and the supply chain.
@captives6479 不，危险的是这种控制力。中国在制造和供应链方面都接近垄断。
@broadcastwithatg5195
Technically every foreign car maker in China have to work with local company
从技术上讲，中国的每一家外国汽车制造商都必须与当地公司合作。
@markuc
@broadcastwithatg5195 nope ever heard of Tesla Shanghai?
@broadcastwithatg5195 不，听说过特斯拉上海工厂吗？
@broadcastwithatg5195
@markuc it just rarest thing maybe they want to Chinese works to become specialist in evs and create a infra , Chinese vehicles as ICE suckes no mileage no power
@markuc 这只是极个别的案例。也许他们想让中国工人在电动汽车领域变得专业并建立基础设施。中国的燃油车很烂，没里程也没动力。
@daniel931016
No one is saying that Chinese companies or cars are dangerous, they say that Chinese CONTROL is dangerous.
没有人说中国公司或中国车危险，他们是说中国的“控制”很危险。
@AnimaChronix3
Because the German moved production there and shared their technology with China. China needed that to make leaps in car manufacturing and now Europe will expect the favour to be returned for EV battery
因为德国人把生产转移到了那里，并与中国分享了技术。中国需要这些来实现汽车制造的跨越式发展，现在欧洲希望中国在电动汽车电池方面也能给予同样的回报。
@dawner84
@AnimaChronix3 already invested in EU like Hungary. other place DE/FR? its u not allow.
@AnimaChronix3 已经在匈牙利等欧盟国家投资了。至于德国或法国等其他地方？是你们自己不允许。
@taraja1651
Two reasons why northvolt failed:
1.Rapid expansion without test proof of product.
2.Poor execution strategy
Northvolt 失败的两个原因：
1. 在产品未经验证的情况下盲目扩张。
2. 执行策略糟糕。
@safewaycart
add mismanagement, greed, poor analytical skills, money-induced overconfidence, weak drive and absent sense of responsability of the company's leaders
再加上管理不善、贪婪、分析能力差、金钱带来的过度自信、动力不足以及公司领导层缺乏责任感。
@cia5649
@safewaycart this is the thing! northvolth was so mismanaged by people who wanted a quick buck and instead of fixing that issue the swedish goverment let it fail and sold it to americans
@safewaycart 就是这样！Northvolt 被一群只想赚快钱的人管理得一团糟，瑞典政府不仅没有解决问题，反而任其倒闭并卖给了美国人。
@krillevon1415
@safewaycart The CEO took out like 200 million the week before collapse also
@safewaycart 首席执行官在崩盘前一周还套现了大约2亿。
@emilsohn1671
And another; They positioned their factory out in the middle of nowhere. Hard to get qualified labour when you nowhere near anything.
还有一个原因：他们把工厂设在荒郊野外。当你远离任何繁华地带时，很难招到合格的劳动力。
@cia5649
@emilsohn1671 nah that wasnt a factor
@emilsohn1671 不，那不是主要因素。
@tooltalk
Elon Musk coined the term "production hell" to refer to the 2017–2019 crisis where Tesla struggled to mass-produce the Model 3, causing massive, unprofitable bottlenecks. This is also very common in the battery industry: LG, which operates the EU's largest battery plant in Poland, for instance, spent 3 years and bled untold millions until they stabilized and reached 90% production yield. Panasonic, who supplies EV batteries to Tesla in Nevada went through similar production ramp pain when it transitioned to 2180 back in 2018, some estimating over $1B in loss. And LG & Panasonic were the industry leaders at the time with most industrial know-how. Northvolt never made batteries before and also had unique difficulties, especially dealing upstream suppliers from China. They were also a bit too overconfident and overbuilt and overpromised.
埃隆·马斯克创造了“生产地狱”一词，用来指代2017至2019年间特斯拉在量产 Model 3 时面临的危机，当时造成了巨大的、无利可图的瓶颈。这在电池行业也非常普遍：例如在波兰运营欧盟最大电池厂的 LG，花了3年时间并亏损了无数资金才稳定下来并使成品率达到90%。
2018年松下在内华达州为特斯拉供应电动汽车电池时，在转向 2180 电池的过程中也经历了类似的产能提升痛苦，有人估计损失超过10亿美元。而 LG 和松下在当时还是拥有最多工业诀窍的行业领导者。Northvolt 以前从未制造过电池，还面临着各自的困难，特别是在打理来自中国的上游供应商方面。他们也有点过于自信，过度建设且过度承诺。
@kristofvoros6120
@tooltalk Perfectly said. We experienced it in Hungary, my former workplace needs insane subsidies just to keep running. It takes a decade to build up a robust european supply chain, and it needs a lot of money. And even if you get production going, your product may get outdated. Nobody likes these types of risks in Europe, but not investing is also a bad idea! I wouldn't want to be a manager in the battery sector, that's for sure.
@tooltalk 说得太对了。我们在匈牙利也经历过这种情况，我以前工作的地方需要巨额补贴才能维持运转。建立一个强大的欧洲供应链需要十年时间，并且需要投入大量资金。而且即使你投产了，你的产品也可能过时。在欧洲没有人喜欢这类风险，但不投资也是个坏主意。我肯定不想成为电池行业的经理。
@dysonyamagata1133
他们失败的原因只有一个，那就是这个公司里没有人真正懂电化学。
@taraja1651
@dysonyamagata1133 I get your point but that's not accurate, I know several of their engineers and scientists, many were fresh PhD's and others were from companies with proven electrolysis technology..I didn't mention this but I actually studied and lived in Sweden and I know where their plant was..
@dysonyamagata1133 我明白你的意思，但这并不准确。我认识他们的好几位工程师和科学家，其中许多是刚毕业的博士，还有一些来自拥有成熟电解技术的公司。我之前没提到，其实我曾在瑞典学习和生活过，我知道他们的工厂在哪里。
@janusli8820
They chose to expand KNOWING they can't deliver test proof of product. So the two reason are actually fraud and corruption.
他们在明知无法提供产品测试证明的情况下选择扩张。所以这两个原因实际上是欺诈和腐败。
@Pepe-dq2ib
and having to environmental laws.
还有必须遵守环境法。
@zx9260
还有一个很重要的原因。你们国家的国民被高福利养懒了。
@johnkimanthi401
Thing's which make production to become uncompetitive. 1. High cost of power 2. Cost of labour.
导致生产失去竞争力的因素：1. 高昂的能源成本 2. 劳动力成本。
@kristofvoros6120
@johnkimanthi401 Not true. You only need one: Lack of knowledge. The others can be treated with automation and innovation.
@johnkimanthi401 不对。只需要一个原因：缺乏知识。其他的可以通过自动化和创新来解决。
@cia5649
@johnkimanthi401 not even the issue
@johnkimanthi401 这甚至都不是问题。
