宋代历史：中国是如何比欧洲早500年实现工业化的
正文翻译
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barbiquearea
Despite losing most of Northern China to the Jin, the Song to their credit were still able to hold off the Jin and later Mongols for most of their dynasty by investing in strong fortifications at key strategic locations, and of course their advanced gunpowder weapons certainly kept their enemies at bay, even when the Song bureaucracy and its emperors became increasingly feckless and corrupt. One example is their navy. As unlike their northern neighbors the Song could employ riverboats equipped with paddle wheel technology that had better movement and maneuverability compared to traditional sailing ships. These boats equipped were quipped with trebuchets that lobbed gunpowder bombs at enemy fleets were virtually unassailable when taking on the Jin navy on the Yangtze. These ships were so effective that they were even used up until the Opium Wars, much to the surprise of the British who did not expect the Chinese to be this advanced in their nautical technology.
尽管中国北方的大部分地区都丢给了金朝，但值得赞扬的是，宋朝通过在关键的战略位置投资修建坚固的防御工事，仍然能够在其王朝的大部分时间里抵御金朝和后来的蒙古人，当然，即使宋朝的官僚机构及其皇帝变得越来越无能和腐败，他们先进的火药武器肯定会阻止敌人。一个例子是他们的海军。与北方的邻居不同，宋朝可以使用配备桨轮技术的内河船，与传统帆船相比，桨轮技术具有更好的移动性和操纵性。这些船装备了投石机，可以向敌军舰队投掷火药炸弹，在长江上与金国海军作战时几乎无懈可击。这样的船只非常有作用，甚至在鸦片战争之前都还被使用，这让英国人大吃一惊，他们没想到中国的航海技术会如此先进。
Despite losing most of Northern China to the Jin, the Song to their credit were still able to hold off the Jin and later Mongols for most of their dynasty by investing in strong fortifications at key strategic locations, and of course their advanced gunpowder weapons certainly kept their enemies at bay, even when the Song bureaucracy and its emperors became increasingly feckless and corrupt. One example is their navy. As unlike their northern neighbors the Song could employ riverboats equipped with paddle wheel technology that had better movement and maneuverability compared to traditional sailing ships. These boats equipped were quipped with trebuchets that lobbed gunpowder bombs at enemy fleets were virtually unassailable when taking on the Jin navy on the Yangtze. These ships were so effective that they were even used up until the Opium Wars, much to the surprise of the British who did not expect the Chinese to be this advanced in their nautical technology.
尽管中国北方的大部分地区都丢给了金朝，但值得赞扬的是，宋朝通过在关键的战略位置投资修建坚固的防御工事，仍然能够在其王朝的大部分时间里抵御金朝和后来的蒙古人，当然，即使宋朝的官僚机构及其皇帝变得越来越无能和腐败，他们先进的火药武器肯定会阻止敌人。一个例子是他们的海军。与北方的邻居不同，宋朝可以使用配备桨轮技术的内河船，与传统帆船相比，桨轮技术具有更好的移动性和操纵性。这些船装备了投石机，可以向敌军舰队投掷火药炸弹，在长江上与金国海军作战时几乎无懈可击。这样的船只非常有作用，甚至在鸦片战争之前都还被使用，这让英国人大吃一惊，他们没想到中国的航海技术会如此先进。
barbiquearea
The Song Dynasty has been considered the true Renaissance Period, that came a several centuries ahead of the Enlightenment in Europe. Had things continued the way they did, its quite possible China would have experienced an industrial age of sorts. Having already mastered blast furnace technology, and production of silk, paper and ceramics on an industrial scale, as well as an arms producing industry quite advanced for its time. Its likely the Chinese and their East Asian neighbors could have seen an industrial era long before the British did in the 19th century.
宋朝被认为是真正的文艺复兴时期，比欧洲启蒙运动早了几个世纪。如果事情继续这样发展下去，中国很可能已经经历了某种工业时代。已经掌握了高炉技术，丝绸、造纸、陶瓷的工业生产，以及当时相当先进的武器生产制造业。中国人和他们的东亚邻国很可能早在19世纪的英国人之前就已经经历了一个漫长的工业时代。
The Song Dynasty has been considered the true Renaissance Period, that came a several centuries ahead of the Enlightenment in Europe. Had things continued the way they did, its quite possible China would have experienced an industrial age of sorts. Having already mastered blast furnace technology, and production of silk, paper and ceramics on an industrial scale, as well as an arms producing industry quite advanced for its time. Its likely the Chinese and their East Asian neighbors could have seen an industrial era long before the British did in the 19th century.
宋朝被认为是真正的文艺复兴时期，比欧洲启蒙运动早了几个世纪。如果事情继续这样发展下去，中国很可能已经经历了某种工业时代。已经掌握了高炉技术，丝绸、造纸、陶瓷的工业生产，以及当时相当先进的武器生产制造业。中国人和他们的东亚邻国很可能早在19世纪的英国人之前就已经经历了一个漫长的工业时代。
Dean_L33
Thankgod they squandered that opportunity
谢天谢地，他们浪费了这个机会
Thankgod they squandered that opportunity
谢天谢地，他们浪费了这个机会
……………………………………
Max G
Ohhh please, this video is clickbait meet Chinese propaganda lovers
哦，拜托，这段视频是标题党与中国宣传爱好者双向奔赴了
Max G
Ohhh please, this video is clickbait meet Chinese propaganda lovers
哦，拜托，这段视频是标题党与中国宣传爱好者双向奔赴了
Om nom nom
@Max G
well, the conditions for china were there. This is just history
嗯，中国的条件就在那里。这就是历史。
@Max G
well, the conditions for china were there. This is just history
嗯，中国的条件就在那里。这就是历史。
Leanh Leanh
Stop being delusional
别妄想了
Stop being delusional
别妄想了
kim kim
No matter they are developing and yet they can't catch up with European. Why? Kingship and dictators while Europe adopt from rome which hold senate and Republic ideal.
不管他们是否在发展，他们还是赶不上欧洲人。为什么?因为王权和独裁者，而欧洲则从罗马继承了元老院和共和国的理想。
No matter they are developing and yet they can't catch up with European. Why? Kingship and dictators while Europe adopt from rome which hold senate and Republic ideal.
不管他们是否在发展，他们还是赶不上欧洲人。为什么?因为王权和独裁者，而欧洲则从罗马继承了元老院和共和国的理想。
karma.fugitive
It was just rich. It was very weak militarily. In fact, East Asia then was dominated, not solely by Song, but also Jin, Liao and a host of other Northern countries, even before the Mongols. In China the dynasty is looked upon unfavorably.
只是很有钱。它在军事上非常虚弱。事实上，当时的东亚不仅由宋朝统治，还包括金国、辽国和许多其他北方国家，甚至比蒙古人还早。在中国，这个朝代饱受差评。
It was just rich. It was very weak militarily. In fact, East Asia then was dominated, not solely by Song, but also Jin, Liao and a host of other Northern countries, even before the Mongols. In China the dynasty is looked upon unfavorably.
只是很有钱。它在军事上非常虚弱。事实上，当时的东亚不仅由宋朝统治，还包括金国、辽国和许多其他北方国家，甚至比蒙古人还早。在中国，这个朝代饱受差评。
Dealanach
Renaissance means "rebirth" and refers to reestablishing the wisdom of classical greece and rome. As this was China's first period of massive intellectual advancement, rather than restarting a previous tradition, using the word Renaissance makes no sense.
文艺复兴意味着“重生”，指的是重建古典希腊和罗马的智慧。由于这是中国第一次大规模的知识进步，而不是重新开始以前的传统，使用“文艺复兴”这个词说不通。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Renaissance means "rebirth" and refers to reestablishing the wisdom of classical greece and rome. As this was China's first period of massive intellectual advancement, rather than restarting a previous tradition, using the word Renaissance makes no sense.
文艺复兴意味着“重生”，指的是重建古典希腊和罗马的智慧。由于这是中国第一次大规模的知识进步，而不是重新开始以前的传统，使用“文艺复兴”这个词说不通。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
peace World
You are very interesting. You always deny China under the comments that praise ancient China. According to your logic, the dictatorship of ancient China should not have industrialization. lol
你很真有意思。你总是在赞美古代中国的评论下否定中国。按照你的逻辑，中国古代的独裁统治不应该有工业化,哈哈
You are very interesting. You always deny China under the comments that praise ancient China. According to your logic, the dictatorship of ancient China should not have industrialization. lol
你很真有意思。你总是在赞美古代中国的评论下否定中国。按照你的逻辑，中国古代的独裁统治不应该有工业化,哈哈
barbiquearea
@Dealanach
"this was China's first period of massive intellectual advancement, rather than restarting a previous tradition"
So the Han and Tang dynasties didn't count as golden periods where art and scholarly pursuits in China flourished during those times of peace and plenty, that influenced later dynastic periods?
“这是中国第一次大规模的知识进步，而不是重新开始以前的传统……”
所以汉唐时期不算是中国艺术和学术繁荣的黄金时期吗?在这段和平富足的时期，中国的艺术和学术追求蓬勃发展，并影响了后来的朝代。
@Dealanach
"this was China's first period of massive intellectual advancement, rather than restarting a previous tradition"
So the Han and Tang dynasties didn't count as golden periods where art and scholarly pursuits in China flourished during those times of peace and plenty, that influenced later dynastic periods?
“这是中国第一次大规模的知识进步，而不是重新开始以前的传统……”
所以汉唐时期不算是中国艺术和学术繁荣的黄金时期吗?在这段和平富足的时期，中国的艺术和学术追求蓬勃发展，并影响了后来的朝代。
HypoYT 001
@Max G
sour jealousy hahahs
酸味十足的嫉妒，哈哈哈
@Max G
sour jealousy hahahs
酸味十足的嫉妒，哈哈哈
HypoYT 001
@kim kim
already caught up now, boy
已经追上了，孩子
@kim kim
already caught up now, boy
已经追上了，孩子
Makky
The problem with your argument is that you see history as too linear, it's not.
你的论点的问题在于你认为历史是线性的，并非如此。
The problem with your argument is that you see history as too linear, it's not.
你的论点的问题在于你认为历史是线性的，并非如此。
Jake4595
@karma.fugitive
Speaking purely on dynasties, it was pretty true the Song dynasty had a weak military and that proved fatal when it's main goal was for internal security rather than actual power projection like the Tang Dynasty. People often overlook the Tang dynasty but it was a true medi empire and were responsible for pretty much containing the Mongolian/nomadic ambitions.
仅就朝代而言，宋朝的军事力量确实很弱，而事实证明，这是致命的，因为宋朝的主要目标是内部安全，而不是像唐朝那样的实际权力投射。人们经常忽视唐朝，但它是一个真正的中世纪帝国，在很大程度上遏制了蒙古人/游牧民族的野心。
@karma.fugitive
Speaking purely on dynasties, it was pretty true the Song dynasty had a weak military and that proved fatal when it's main goal was for internal security rather than actual power projection like the Tang Dynasty. People often overlook the Tang dynasty but it was a true medi empire and were responsible for pretty much containing the Mongolian/nomadic ambitions.
仅就朝代而言，宋朝的军事力量确实很弱，而事实证明，这是致命的，因为宋朝的主要目标是内部安全，而不是像唐朝那样的实际权力投射。人们经常忽视唐朝，但它是一个真正的中世纪帝国，在很大程度上遏制了蒙古人/游牧民族的野心。
Johnny Kwon
@Dealanach
yes it does have that meaning of "rebirth," but if we look how "sympathy" in English has not the same meaning as "sympatico," in Spanish, we can also say that renaissance has a meaning of "re-innocence," not necessarily solely of "rebirth." To be nascent implies child like attributes, we can say born again, but the concept is that of innocence.
是的，它确实有“重生”的含义，但如果我们看看英语中的“同情”与西班牙语中的“同情”的含义有多不一样，我们也可以说文艺复兴有“再天真”的含义，而不一定仅仅是“重生”。新生意味着孩子般的品质，我们可以说是重生，但这个概念是“纯真”。
@Dealanach
yes it does have that meaning of "rebirth," but if we look how "sympathy" in English has not the same meaning as "sympatico," in Spanish, we can also say that renaissance has a meaning of "re-innocence," not necessarily solely of "rebirth." To be nascent implies child like attributes, we can say born again, but the concept is that of innocence.
是的，它确实有“重生”的含义，但如果我们看看英语中的“同情”与西班牙语中的“同情”的含义有多不一样，我们也可以说文艺复兴有“再天真”的含义，而不一定仅仅是“重生”。新生意味着孩子般的品质，我们可以说是重生，但这个概念是“纯真”。
Xinjiang Han, Free Hankuo
@Dealanach
Actually Song was a era of Reviewing classical Confucianism and new schools of confucianist thoughts were incubated during Song.
宋朝是一个重儒家的时代，新儒家思想在宋朝孕育。
@Dealanach
Actually Song was a era of Reviewing classical Confucianism and new schools of confucianist thoughts were incubated during Song.
宋朝是一个重儒家的时代，新儒家思想在宋朝孕育。
Xinjiang Han, Free Hankuo
@Leanh Leanh
Don’t be salty vietnamese, Song Chinese did invented gunpowder and utilised it in to military use, who knows how far they would’ve advanced in utilising such technology without the interruption of Mongol invasion.
不要像搞笑的越南人，宋朝的中国人确实发明了火药，并将其用于军事用途，谁知道如果没有蒙古人的入侵，他们会在利用这种技术方面取得多大进步。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
@Leanh Leanh
Don’t be salty vietnamese, Song Chinese did invented gunpowder and utilised it in to military use, who knows how far they would’ve advanced in utilising such technology without the interruption of Mongol invasion.
不要像搞笑的越南人，宋朝的中国人确实发明了火药，并将其用于军事用途，谁知道如果没有蒙古人的入侵，他们会在利用这种技术方面取得多大进步。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Mr マックラ
But they had to see glass and think "this is useless"
They could have gained so many new technologies
但他们看到玻璃就会想"这没用"。
他们本可以获得如此多的新技术。
But they had to see glass and think "this is useless"
They could have gained so many new technologies
但他们看到玻璃就会想"这没用"。
他们本可以获得如此多的新技术。
………………………………
Kuro Azrem
This is probably the most interesting period for me in the whole of Chinese history. In fact, I think that, hadn't the Mongols wrecked China at this stage, it could have spearheaded modernity, with it reaching Europea via the Muslim World.
对我来说，这可能是整个中国历史上最有趣的时期。事实上，我认为，如果蒙古人没有在这个阶段摧毁中国，它可能会成为现代化的先锋，通过穆斯林世界到达欧洲。
Kuro Azrem
This is probably the most interesting period for me in the whole of Chinese history. In fact, I think that, hadn't the Mongols wrecked China at this stage, it could have spearheaded modernity, with it reaching Europea via the Muslim World.
对我来说，这可能是整个中国历史上最有趣的时期。事实上，我认为，如果蒙古人没有在这个阶段摧毁中国，它可能会成为现代化的先锋，通过穆斯林世界到达欧洲。
Stephen Jenkins
Yep, that's the story of a bunch of Golden Ages which collapses due to internal/external pressure. Western Rome's fall likely stalled Europe significantly as well.
是的，这是一个关于黄金时代的故事，由于内部/外部压力而崩溃。西罗马的衰落很可能也让欧洲停滞不前。
Yep, that's the story of a bunch of Golden Ages which collapses due to internal/external pressure. Western Rome's fall likely stalled Europe significantly as well.
是的，这是一个关于黄金时代的故事，由于内部/外部压力而崩溃。西罗马的衰落很可能也让欧洲停滞不前。
José Manuel Blanco Goldar
@Stephen Jenkins
Western Rome had been declining for some time already when the barbarians came around, but it's true that the collapse of the Roman state structure and the division of the empire into several squabbling kingdoms did a number on Western Europe.
蛮族到来时，西罗马已经衰落了一段时间，但罗马国家结构的崩溃和帝国分裂成几个争吵不休的王国确实对西欧造成了影响。
@Stephen Jenkins
Western Rome had been declining for some time already when the barbarians came around, but it's true that the collapse of the Roman state structure and the division of the empire into several squabbling kingdoms did a number on Western Europe.
蛮族到来时，西罗马已经衰落了一段时间，但罗马国家结构的崩溃和帝国分裂成几个争吵不休的王国确实对西欧造成了影响。
kim kim
No matter they are developing and yet they can't catch up with European. Why? Kingship and dictators while Europe adopt from rome which hold senate and Republic ideal.
不管他们是否发展，他们还是赶不上欧洲人。为什么?因为王权和独裁者，而欧洲则从罗马继承了元老院和共和国的理想。
No matter they are developing and yet they can't catch up with European. Why? Kingship and dictators while Europe adopt from rome which hold senate and Republic ideal.
不管他们是否发展，他们还是赶不上欧洲人。为什么?因为王权和独裁者，而欧洲则从罗马继承了元老院和共和国的理想。
Mohamed Ramadan
@José Manuel Blanco Goldar
actually the fall of the western empire was the best thing that could have happened to creativity and technological advances in Europe just compare the scientific advancement that happened after the fall with before it and you will see how stagnate rome was
实际上，西罗马帝国的灭亡对欧洲的创造力和技术进步来说是最好的事情，只要比较一下西罗马帝国灭亡前后的科学进步，你就会发现罗马有多停滞不前。
@José Manuel Blanco Goldar
actually the fall of the western empire was the best thing that could have happened to creativity and technological advances in Europe just compare the scientific advancement that happened after the fall with before it and you will see how stagnate rome was
实际上，西罗马帝国的灭亡对欧洲的创造力和技术进步来说是最好的事情，只要比较一下西罗马帝国灭亡前后的科学进步，你就会发现罗马有多停滞不前。
Mohamed Ramadan
@Stephen Jenkins
the fall of the western empire was the best thing for science the medival world was time of new advances in technology and science while rome was infamously anti technology and sc3
西罗马帝国的灭亡对科学来说是最好的事情，中世纪是科技和科学取得新进展的时代，而罗马以反科技而臭名昭著。
@Stephen Jenkins
the fall of the western empire was the best thing for science the medival world was time of new advances in technology and science while rome was infamously anti technology and sc3
西罗马帝国的灭亡对科学来说是最好的事情，中世纪是科技和科学取得新进展的时代，而罗马以反科技而臭名昭著。
Kuro Azrem
@Mohamed Ramadan
that's actually right.
的确如此。
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@Mohamed Ramadan
that's actually right.
的确如此。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Kuro Azrem
@kim kim
not really. Rome was a tyranny for most of its history. Also, democracy doesn't necessarily produce innovation. According to that logic, the first industrial superpower should have been the Greeks, and that didn't happen quite clearly.
不见得。罗马历史上的大部分时间都是暴政。此外，民主并不一定会产生创新。按照这种逻辑，第一个工业超级大国应该是希腊人，但很明显这并未发生。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
@kim kim
not really. Rome was a tyranny for most of its history. Also, democracy doesn't necessarily produce innovation. According to that logic, the first industrial superpower should have been the Greeks, and that didn't happen quite clearly.
不见得。罗马历史上的大部分时间都是暴政。此外，民主并不一定会产生创新。按照这种逻辑，第一个工业超级大国应该是希腊人，但很明显这并未发生。
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DJ Tan
@kim kim
haha still whitewashed, I see.
哈哈哈，还在粉饰，我明白了。
@kim kim
haha still whitewashed, I see.
哈哈哈，还在粉饰，我明白了。
Alexane Rose
@Mohamed Ramadan
Rome was anti-technology? What are you smoking to make such a wrong statement? I guess those roads and aqueduct plus the constant need to make things better to pay for their whole empire doesn't count huh?
罗马反科技？你凭什么这么说?我想那些道路和高架渠，加上他们还需要不断改进，以支付整个帝国的费用，这些都不算吗?
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
@Mohamed Ramadan
Rome was anti-technology? What are you smoking to make such a wrong statement? I guess those roads and aqueduct plus the constant need to make things better to pay for their whole empire doesn't count huh?
罗马反科技？你凭什么这么说?我想那些道路和高架渠，加上他们还需要不断改进，以支付整个帝国的费用，这些都不算吗?
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Alexane Rose
@Kuro Azrem
True that. Most innovations up until recently happened under empires and kings although you could argue that the American empire is a thing but the point still stands.
没错。直到最近，大多数创新都发生在帝国和国王的统治之下，尽管你可以说美利坚帝国是个垃圾，但这一点仍然成立。
@Kuro Azrem
True that. Most innovations up until recently happened under empires and kings although you could argue that the American empire is a thing but the point still stands.
没错。直到最近，大多数创新都发生在帝国和国王的统治之下，尽管你可以说美利坚帝国是个垃圾，但这一点仍然成立。
AppleJean
@kim kim
lol Rome was a dictator for most of its life. The reason they developed faster was because they invented books and kept the records and chose not to be in isolation like Japan and China. The combination of knowledge recorded in books and colonialism made Europe to have riches to fund the royal coffin.
哈哈，罗马大半时间都是独裁统治。他们之所以发展得更快，是因为他们发明了书，并保存了记录，并选择不像日本和中国那样孤立。书籍记载的知识和殖民主义相结合，使欧洲拥有了资助王室棺材的财富。
@kim kim
lol Rome was a dictator for most of its life. The reason they developed faster was because they invented books and kept the records and chose not to be in isolation like Japan and China. The combination of knowledge recorded in books and colonialism made Europe to have riches to fund the royal coffin.
哈哈，罗马大半时间都是独裁统治。他们之所以发展得更快，是因为他们发明了书，并保存了记录，并选择不像日本和中国那样孤立。书籍记载的知识和殖民主义相结合，使欧洲拥有了资助王室棺材的财富。
Mohamed Ramadan
@Alexane Rose
they were okay with perfecting existing techniques. But they despised creative destruction as they were very conservative
他们愿意完善现有的技术。但他们鄙视创造性破坏，因为他们非常保守
@Alexane Rose
they were okay with perfecting existing techniques. But they despised creative destruction as they were very conservative
他们愿意完善现有的技术。但他们鄙视创造性破坏，因为他们非常保守
………………………………
X Z
An important reason for 重文轻武 (more focused on civil than on military) is that the founder himself of Song is by coup to attain power, so he is particularly alx to any remotely potential military guys/activities, thus he had a game play called 杯酒释兵权 (release general's military power by a wine/dine talk). Since the beginning of the Dynasty, Song was bound to be on a path of civil activities. Unfortunately, by Southern Song, that was the time nomads like Khitan, Jurchen, and Mongols started to rise.
一个重要的原因重文轻武（更注重民事而非军事）宋的创始人，本人是通过政变获得权力的，因此他对任何有潜在威胁可能的军方人物/活动特别警惕，因此他有一个名为“杯酒释兵权 ”（通过酒宴谈话释放将军的军事力量）的操作。自王朝伊始，宋朝就必然走上了一条民事活动的道路。不幸的是，到了南宋，契丹、女真和蒙古等游牧民族开始崛起。
X Z
An important reason for 重文轻武 (more focused on civil than on military) is that the founder himself of Song is by coup to attain power, so he is particularly alx to any remotely potential military guys/activities, thus he had a game play called 杯酒释兵权 (release general's military power by a wine/dine talk). Since the beginning of the Dynasty, Song was bound to be on a path of civil activities. Unfortunately, by Southern Song, that was the time nomads like Khitan, Jurchen, and Mongols started to rise.
一个重要的原因重文轻武（更注重民事而非军事）宋的创始人，本人是通过政变获得权力的，因此他对任何有潜在威胁可能的军方人物/活动特别警惕，因此他有一个名为“杯酒释兵权 ”（通过酒宴谈话释放将军的军事力量）的操作。自王朝伊始，宋朝就必然走上了一条民事活动的道路。不幸的是，到了南宋，契丹、女真和蒙古等游牧民族开始崛起。
lerneanlion
The defeat of the Song dynasty by the Mongols marked one of the saddest moments I saw in history alongside with the Sack of Baghdad in 1258 and the Sack of Constantiople in 1204. If only the Song and Western Xia willingly become Chingghis Khan's vassals, they may survived longer.
P.S; Despite the imperial court being portrayed as corrupted, the media always make an exception when it comes to Bao Zheng. As fo Pang Ji, his historical self is generally a good guy while his fictionalized version is a big jerk who is always at odds with Bao Zheng.
宋朝被蒙古人打败，标志着我在历史上看到的最悲伤的时刻之一，1258年巴格达被洗劫，1204年君士坦丁堡被洗劫。如果宋朝和西夏愿意成为成吉思汗的附庸，他们可能会存在更久。
尽管朝廷被描绘成腐败的，但对于包拯，媒体总是破例。至于庞吉，他的历史原型大致是个好人，但在小说中的形象却是个大混蛋，总是与包拯不和。
The defeat of the Song dynasty by the Mongols marked one of the saddest moments I saw in history alongside with the Sack of Baghdad in 1258 and the Sack of Constantiople in 1204. If only the Song and Western Xia willingly become Chingghis Khan's vassals, they may survived longer.
P.S; Despite the imperial court being portrayed as corrupted, the media always make an exception when it comes to Bao Zheng. As fo Pang Ji, his historical self is generally a good guy while his fictionalized version is a big jerk who is always at odds with Bao Zheng.
宋朝被蒙古人打败，标志着我在历史上看到的最悲伤的时刻之一，1258年巴格达被洗劫，1204年君士坦丁堡被洗劫。如果宋朝和西夏愿意成为成吉思汗的附庸，他们可能会存在更久。
尽管朝廷被描绘成腐败的，但对于包拯，媒体总是破例。至于庞吉，他的历史原型大致是个好人，但在小说中的形象却是个大混蛋，总是与包拯不和。
TakCWAL
The Song Dynasty became a Mongol ally during the latter's war against the Jin. However, the Song Dynasty did so by also betraying their own treaties with the Jin. After the Jin was wiped from the map, the Song Dynasty advanced North and occupied Jin territories conquered by the Mongols (which the Jin conquered from the Song). Naturally, Ogedei Khan was quite alarmed by this and retaliated, which sparked the eventual Song-Mongol War.
Before this, the Mongols were actually rather content with an independent Southern Song Dynasty.
在与金国的战争中，宋朝成为了蒙古的盟友。宋朝这么干也违背了自己与金国的条约。在金国从地图上消失后，宋朝向北推进，占领了蒙古人占领的金国领土(金国从宋朝手中夺取的领土)。当然，窝阔台汗对此非常震惊，并进行了报复，最终引发了宋蒙战争。
在此之前，蒙古人其实对一个独立的南宋很满意。
The Song Dynasty became a Mongol ally during the latter's war against the Jin. However, the Song Dynasty did so by also betraying their own treaties with the Jin. After the Jin was wiped from the map, the Song Dynasty advanced North and occupied Jin territories conquered by the Mongols (which the Jin conquered from the Song). Naturally, Ogedei Khan was quite alarmed by this and retaliated, which sparked the eventual Song-Mongol War.
Before this, the Mongols were actually rather content with an independent Southern Song Dynasty.
在与金国的战争中，宋朝成为了蒙古的盟友。宋朝这么干也违背了自己与金国的条约。在金国从地图上消失后，宋朝向北推进，占领了蒙古人占领的金国领土(金国从宋朝手中夺取的领土)。当然，窝阔台汗对此非常震惊，并进行了报复，最终引发了宋蒙战争。
在此之前，蒙古人其实对一个独立的南宋很满意。
Wei Shi
@TakCWAL
jin rulers rage 2 front wars like Nazi Germany, the Song Court didn't have chance to allied with Jin.
金国统治者像纳粹德国一样发动了两次前线战争，宋朝没有机会与金国结盟。
@TakCWAL
jin rulers rage 2 front wars like Nazi Germany, the Song Court didn't have chance to allied with Jin.
金国统治者像纳粹德国一样发动了两次前线战争，宋朝没有机会与金国结盟。
pachomius sinanicus
Not sure what so sad about it.
1. The southern song territories were quite peaceful since Song collapsed so quick and territories were transferred to Mongol in short time, thus the commerces of Yangtze region remained to exist until it destroyed a century later by the cruel and barbaric Ming Empire.
2. Those bureaucrats with integrity characters were few, very few. Most of them were truly corrupted or systematically corrupted, the native residents of the southern part of China Proper were forced to rebel every couple years throughout Song history.
3. What is truly deserve to feel sad is a cannibal magistrate（食人知州） who ate the flesh of many street kids retired peacefully without facing any trial or punishment thanks to Mongol invasion.
不知道有什么好难过的。
1.南宋的疆域非常和平，因为宋很快就崩溃了，疆域很快就转移到了蒙古国，因此长江地区的商业活动一直存在，直到一个世纪后被残酷野蛮的明帝国摧毁。
2. 那些有正义感的官僚很少，非常少。他们中的大多数都是真的很腐败或系统性腐败，在宋朝历史上，中国南部的土著居民每隔几年就被迫造反。
3.真正值得悲伤的是吃人的法官(食人知州）， 他们吃了许多街头儿童的肉，由于蒙古的入侵，他们安然地退休了，没有受到任何审判或惩罚。
Not sure what so sad about it.
1. The southern song territories were quite peaceful since Song collapsed so quick and territories were transferred to Mongol in short time, thus the commerces of Yangtze region remained to exist until it destroyed a century later by the cruel and barbaric Ming Empire.
2. Those bureaucrats with integrity characters were few, very few. Most of them were truly corrupted or systematically corrupted, the native residents of the southern part of China Proper were forced to rebel every couple years throughout Song history.
3. What is truly deserve to feel sad is a cannibal magistrate（食人知州） who ate the flesh of many street kids retired peacefully without facing any trial or punishment thanks to Mongol invasion.
不知道有什么好难过的。
1.南宋的疆域非常和平，因为宋很快就崩溃了，疆域很快就转移到了蒙古国，因此长江地区的商业活动一直存在，直到一个世纪后被残酷野蛮的明帝国摧毁。
2. 那些有正义感的官僚很少，非常少。他们中的大多数都是真的很腐败或系统性腐败，在宋朝历史上，中国南部的土著居民每隔几年就被迫造反。
3.真正值得悲伤的是吃人的法官(食人知州）， 他们吃了许多街头儿童的肉，由于蒙古的入侵，他们安然地退休了，没有受到任何审判或惩罚。
TakCWAL
@Wei Shi
Officially, in 1233, the Jin court dispatched diplomats to the Song requesting for aid against the Mongols. This was dismissed by the Song court, because the latter was already engaged in negotiations with the Mongols for a united offensive against the Jin. This was despite a treaty of peace already existed between the JIn and the Song. In 1234, Song support for the Mongols turned from just resources to actual military action, an act which eventually led to the demise of the Jin. If there was no chance of alliance, it's because the Song denied any chance of its fruition.
1233年，金国正式向宋朝派遣外交官，请求支援对抗蒙古人。这被宋朝驳回，因为后者已经与蒙古人谈判，准备联合进攻金国。尽管金国和宋朝之间已经签订了和平条约。1234年，宋朝对蒙古人的支持从单纯的资源转向了实际的军事行动，最终导致了金国的灭亡。如果说宋金没有结盟的机会，那是因为宋否定了任何成功结盟的机会。
@Wei Shi
Officially, in 1233, the Jin court dispatched diplomats to the Song requesting for aid against the Mongols. This was dismissed by the Song court, because the latter was already engaged in negotiations with the Mongols for a united offensive against the Jin. This was despite a treaty of peace already existed between the JIn and the Song. In 1234, Song support for the Mongols turned from just resources to actual military action, an act which eventually led to the demise of the Jin. If there was no chance of alliance, it's because the Song denied any chance of its fruition.
1233年，金国正式向宋朝派遣外交官，请求支援对抗蒙古人。这被宋朝驳回，因为后者已经与蒙古人谈判，准备联合进攻金国。尽管金国和宋朝之间已经签订了和平条约。1234年，宋朝对蒙古人的支持从单纯的资源转向了实际的军事行动，最终导致了金国的灭亡。如果说宋金没有结盟的机会，那是因为宋否定了任何成功结盟的机会。
Wei Shi
@TakCWAL
jin already become none factor at this point, they lost most their army and land. Their only value left was for Song to show it's army still capable to the Mongols.
在这一点上，金国已经成为一个无足轻重的因素，他们失去了大部分的军队和土地。他们唯一的价值就是让宋朝向蒙古人展示他们的军队依然强大。
@TakCWAL
jin already become none factor at this point, they lost most their army and land. Their only value left was for Song to show it's army still capable to the Mongols.
在这一点上，金国已经成为一个无足轻重的因素，他们失去了大部分的军队和土地。他们唯一的价值就是让宋朝向蒙古人展示他们的军队依然强大。
lyhthegreat
@TakCWAL
damm so the Song really had this coming to them...maybe they really did underestimated the mongols and bit off more than they could chew..but then again i feel like the mongols would still attack the Song even if they didn't reclaimed the Jin lands..it's just that it wouldn't happen that quickly had they not made the first move.
草，所以这是宋朝的报应……也许他们真的低估了蒙古人，贪多嚼不烂。但我觉得蒙古人仍然会攻击宋朝，即使他们没有收回金国的土地。只是，如果他们不主动出击，事情就不会发生得这么快。
@TakCWAL
damm so the Song really had this coming to them...maybe they really did underestimated the mongols and bit off more than they could chew..but then again i feel like the mongols would still attack the Song even if they didn't reclaimed the Jin lands..it's just that it wouldn't happen that quickly had they not made the first move.
草，所以这是宋朝的报应……也许他们真的低估了蒙古人，贪多嚼不烂。但我觉得蒙古人仍然会攻击宋朝，即使他们没有收回金国的土地。只是，如果他们不主动出击，事情就不会发生得这么快。
………………………………
Grand Moff Tarkin
Also geography also plays an important role in why Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty are slow in developing industrial revolution. Because the coal mines are far away from cities whereas in Britain the mines are located adjacent to cities. Coal is a crucial resources to make high quality steel and as a fuel to power steam engines.
Despite China's geography is not ideal for pioneering the 1st industrial revolution but at least its a lot better than Russia. Russia is huge but its resources are scattered all over the places and there are constant lack of manpower issues in Russia.
地理因素也是宋明工业革命发展缓慢的一个重要原因。因为煤矿离城市很远，而在英国煤矿靠近城市。煤炭是制造高质量钢铁的关键资源，也是驱动蒸汽机的燃料。
尽管中国的地理位置并不适合开创第一次工业革命，但至少比俄罗斯好得多。俄罗斯幅员辽阔，但资源分散在各地，一直存在人力不足的问题。
Grand Moff Tarkin
Also geography also plays an important role in why Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty are slow in developing industrial revolution. Because the coal mines are far away from cities whereas in Britain the mines are located adjacent to cities. Coal is a crucial resources to make high quality steel and as a fuel to power steam engines.
Despite China's geography is not ideal for pioneering the 1st industrial revolution but at least its a lot better than Russia. Russia is huge but its resources are scattered all over the places and there are constant lack of manpower issues in Russia.
地理因素也是宋明工业革命发展缓慢的一个重要原因。因为煤矿离城市很远，而在英国煤矿靠近城市。煤炭是制造高质量钢铁的关键资源，也是驱动蒸汽机的燃料。
尽管中国的地理位置并不适合开创第一次工业革命，但至少比俄罗斯好得多。俄罗斯幅员辽阔，但资源分散在各地，一直存在人力不足的问题。
Juni L. Yeung
The Wang Anshi reform itself is one of the most important lessons on economics, policy, and party politics in Chinese history. This deserves an episode on its own.
王安石改革本身就是中国历史上经济、政策和政党政治方面最重要的一课。这件事本身就值得做一期视频。
The Wang Anshi reform itself is one of the most important lessons on economics, policy, and party politics in Chinese history. This deserves an episode on its own.
王安石改革本身就是中国历史上经济、政策和政党政治方面最重要的一课。这件事本身就值得做一期视频。
Lian Han
It reminds you of the importance of having strong military when a country grows into prosperity. Qing dynasty was also one of the wealthiest countries among the world’s, until it got wrecked and robbed by almost every single strong power of the time.
它提醒你，当一个国家走向繁荣时，拥有强大的军事力量的重要性。清朝也是世界上最富有的国家之一，直到它被当时几乎所有强国摧毁和掠夺。
It reminds you of the importance of having strong military when a country grows into prosperity. Qing dynasty was also one of the wealthiest countries among the world’s, until it got wrecked and robbed by almost every single strong power of the time.
它提醒你，当一个国家走向繁荣时，拥有强大的军事力量的重要性。清朝也是世界上最富有的国家之一，直到它被当时几乎所有强国摧毁和掠夺。
Godzilla Mothra
Song dynasty was a golden age empire born in the wrong time when the wolves are at peak of their power. Not only in culture and technology. Compare to other dynasties, Song empire also had relatively benevolent emperors.
宋朝是一个黄金时代的帝国，诞生在一个草原狼的力量达到巅峰的错误时代。不仅在文化和技术方面，与其他朝代相比，宋朝也有相对仁慈的皇帝。
Song dynasty was a golden age empire born in the wrong time when the wolves are at peak of their power. Not only in culture and technology. Compare to other dynasties, Song empire also had relatively benevolent emperors.
宋朝是一个黄金时代的帝国，诞生在一个草原狼的力量达到巅峰的错误时代。不仅在文化和技术方面，与其他朝代相比，宋朝也有相对仁慈的皇帝。
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