美国人看不下去：印度媒体如何在战争鼓噪中放大谎言
正文翻译
题图：印度总理莫迪最近在孟买进行了电视直播，讲述了针对巴基斯坦的军事行动。
题图：印度总理莫迪最近在孟买进行了电视直播，讲述了针对巴基斯坦的军事行动。
During the conflict between India and Pakistan, even some long-trusted outlets reported unverified information and fabricated stories.
在印度与巴基斯坦的冲突期间，一些长期受信任的媒体机构也报道了未经核实的信息和编造的故事。
在印度与巴基斯坦的冲突期间，一些长期受信任的媒体机构也报道了未经核实的信息和编造的故事。
The news reports chronicled India’s overwhelming successes: Indian attacks had struck a Pakistani nuclear base, downed two Pakistani fighter jets and blasted part of Pakistan’s Karachi port, the country’s oil and trade lifeline.
新闻报道详细描述了印度的压倒性胜利：印度袭击了巴基斯坦的核基地、击落了两架巴基斯坦战斗机，并摧毁了巴基斯坦卡拉奇港的部分区域——该港口是该国的石油和贸易命脉。
新闻报道详细描述了印度的压倒性胜利：印度袭击了巴基斯坦的核基地、击落了两架巴基斯坦战斗机，并摧毁了巴基斯坦卡拉奇港的部分区域——该港口是该国的石油和贸易命脉。
Each piece of information was highly specific, but none of it was true.
每条信息都看似细节详实，但实际无一属实。
每条信息都看似细节详实，但实际无一属实。
Disinformation on social media in the days during and since India and Pakistan’s intense military confrontation last week has been overwhelming. Sifting fact from fiction has been nearly impossible on both sides of the border because of the sheer volume of falsehoods, half-truths, memes, misleading video footage and speeches manipulated by artificial intelligence.
自上周印巴激烈军事对峙以来，社交媒体上的虚假信息铺天盖地。由于充斥着大量谎言、半真半假的陈述、网络梗图、误导性视频片段和人工智能操纵的演讲，在边境两侧几乎无法区分事实与虚构。
自上周印巴激烈军事对峙以来，社交媒体上的虚假信息铺天盖地。由于充斥着大量谎言、半真半假的陈述、网络梗图、误导性视频片段和人工智能操纵的演讲，在边境两侧几乎无法区分事实与虚构。
But some of that flood also made its way into the mainstream media, a development that alarmed analysts monitoring the evolution of outlets in India once trusted for their independence. The race to break news and a jingoistic approach to reporting reached a fever pitch during the four-day conflict, as anchors and commentators became cheerleaders for war between two nuclear-armed states. Some well-known TV networks aired unverified information or even fabricated stories amid the burst of nationalistic fervor.
然而，部分虚假信息甚至流入了主流媒体。这一现象令观察印度媒体演变的分析人士感到震惊——这些媒体曾因独立性而备受信任。在为期四天的冲突中，抢发新闻的竞争和好战的报道方式达到狂热程度，主持人和评论员成了两个拥核国家间战争的啦啦队。一些知名电视台在民族主义情绪高涨之际，播出了未经核实的信息，甚至编造的故事。
然而，部分虚假信息甚至流入了主流媒体。这一现象令观察印度媒体演变的分析人士感到震惊——这些媒体曾因独立性而备受信任。在为期四天的冲突中，抢发新闻的竞争和好战的报道方式达到狂热程度，主持人和评论员成了两个拥核国家间战争的啦啦队。一些知名电视台在民族主义情绪高涨之际，播出了未经核实的信息，甚至编造的故事。
And news outlets reported on a supposed strike on a Pakistani nuclear base that was rumored to have caused radiation leaks. They shared detailed maps that purported to show where the strikes had been. But there was no evidence to uphold these claims. The story of the Indian Navy attacking Karachi was also widely circulated. It has since been discredited.
媒体还报道了所谓对巴基斯坦核基地的袭击，传言称该袭击导致了辐射泄漏。它们分享了据称显示袭击地点的详细地图，但这些说法毫无证据支持。关于印度海军袭击卡拉奇的报道也广为流传，但后来被证实为假新闻。
媒体还报道了所谓对巴基斯坦核基地的袭击，传言称该袭击导致了辐射泄漏。它们分享了据称显示袭击地点的详细地图，但这些说法毫无证据支持。关于印度海军袭击卡拉奇的报道也广为流传，但后来被证实为假新闻。
“When we think of misinformation, we think of anonymous people, of bots online, where you never know what the source of the thing is,” said Sumitra Badrinathan, an assistant professor of political science at American University who studies misinformation in South Asia. Social media platforms were also rife with misinformation during India’s 2019 conflict with Pakistan, but what was notable this time, Dr. Badrinathan said, was that “previously credible journalists and major media news outlets ran straight-up fabricated stories.”
“当我们想到虚假信息时，通常会联想到匿名用户或网络机器人——你永远不知道来源是什么，”研究南亚虚假信息的美国大学政治学助理教授苏米特拉-巴德里纳坦表示。在2019年印巴冲突期间，社交媒体平台也充斥着虚假信息，但巴德里纳坦博士指出，这次值得注意的是“曾经可信的记者和主流新闻媒体直接传播了编造的故事”。
“当我们想到虚假信息时，通常会联想到匿名用户或网络机器人——你永远不知道来源是什么，”研究南亚虚假信息的美国大学政治学助理教授苏米特拉-巴德里纳坦表示。在2019年印巴冲突期间，社交媒体平台也充斥着虚假信息，但巴德里纳坦博士指出，这次值得注意的是“曾经可信的记者和主流新闻媒体直接传播了编造的故事”。
“When previously trusted sources become disinformation outlets, it’s a really large problem,” she said.
“当曾经可信的来源沦为虚假信息传播渠道时，这就是一个非常严重的问题。”她说。
“当曾经可信的来源沦为虚假信息传播渠道时，这就是一个非常严重的问题。”她说。
The misinformation shared on mainstream media platforms about the conflict between India and Pakistan is the latest blow to what was once a vibrant journalism scene in India.
主流媒体平台关于印巴冲突的虚假信息，是对印度曾经充满活力的新闻业的又一次打击。
主流媒体平台关于印巴冲突的虚假信息，是对印度曾经充满活力的新闻业的又一次打击。
Warring sides have spread lies and propaganda for as long as there has been armed conflict. And mainstream news outlets have not been immune from presenting their countries’ battlefield efforts in a favorable light or from, at times, rushing to publish information that later turns out to be incorrect.
自武装冲突存在以来，交战双方便会散布谎言和宣传。主流媒体也未能免俗，它们倾向于美化本国的战场行动，有时急于发布后来被证明不实的信息。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
自武装冲突存在以来，交战双方便会散布谎言和宣传。主流媒体也未能免俗，它们倾向于美化本国的战场行动，有时急于发布后来被证明不实的信息。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
But social media has exponentially increased the potential for misinformation. And in India, there has been a steady erosion of free speech since Prime Minister Narendra Modi came to power in 2014. Many news outlets have been pressured into suppressing news damaging to the government’s reputation. Others, including many big television networks, have come to promote the government’s policies. (Some small independent online news publications have pursued more accountable journalism, but their reach is limited.)
但社交媒体极大地放大了虚假信息的传播潜力。而在印度，自2014年总理纳伦德拉-莫迪上台以来，言论自由持续受到侵蚀。许多媒体迫于压力压制有损政府声誉的新闻，包括大型电视台在内的其他媒体则开始宣传政府政策。（一些小型独立网络媒体坚持更负责任的新闻原则，但其影响力有限。）
但社交媒体极大地放大了虚假信息的传播潜力。而在印度，自2014年总理纳伦德拉-莫迪上台以来，言论自由持续受到侵蚀。许多媒体迫于压力压制有损政府声誉的新闻，包括大型电视台在内的其他媒体则开始宣传政府政策。（一些小型独立网络媒体坚持更负责任的新闻原则，但其影响力有限。）
One of India’s most prominent journalists and an anchor at the India Today television channel, Rajdeep Sardesai, apologized on air to viewers last week for running reports about Pakistani jets being shot down, news that had not been “proven at the moment,” he said.
印度最著名的记者之一、今日印度电视台主持人拉吉迪普-萨尔德赛上周在节目中为报道“巴基斯坦战机被击落”一事向观众道歉。他表示，这一消息当时“尚未得到证实”。
印度最著名的记者之一、今日印度电视台主持人拉吉迪普-萨尔德赛上周在节目中为报道“巴基斯坦战机被击落”一事向观众道歉。他表示，这一消息当时“尚未得到证实”。
On his YouTube video blog on Saturday, he again apologized, saying that some of the falsehoods were part of a deliberate campaign by the “right-wing disinformation machine under the guise of national interest,” and that 24-hour news channels can sometimes fall into the trap.
在周六的YouTube视频博客中，他再次道歉，称部分虚假信息是“以国家利益为幌子的右翼虚假信息机器”蓄意策划的，并指出24小时新闻频道有时会落入此类陷阱。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
在周六的YouTube视频博客中，他再次道歉，称部分虚假信息是“以国家利益为幌子的右翼虚假信息机器”蓄意策划的，并指出24小时新闻频道有时会落入此类陷阱。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Disinformation — information spread with malicious intent — is “designed to incite, sometimes to conceal as well, but predominantly to escalate emotions in content that’s very engagement friendly,” said Daniel Silverman, an assistant professor of political science at Carnegie Mellon University who has studied the subject. In the context of India and Pakistan, audiences are already primed to embrace and spread any falsehoods, given the two countries’ historical enmity, Dr. Silverman said.
卡内基梅隆大学研究虚假信息的政治学助理教授丹尼尔-西尔弗曼表示，虚假信息（带有恶意传播的信息）“旨在煽动情绪，有时也用于掩盖真相，但主要是通过极易引发互动的内容来升级情绪”。西尔弗曼博士指出，在印巴的语境下，由于两国历史积怨，受众本就倾向于接受和传播任何虚假信息。
卡内基梅隆大学研究虚假信息的政治学助理教授丹尼尔-西尔弗曼表示，虚假信息（带有恶意传播的信息）“旨在煽动情绪，有时也用于掩盖真相，但主要是通过极易引发互动的内容来升级情绪”。西尔弗曼博士指出，在印巴的语境下，由于两国历史积怨，受众本就倾向于接受和传播任何虚假信息。
In India, an independent fact-checking website called Alt News that is dedicated to weeding out misinformation on social media and mainstream media has provided evidence of numerous fabrications aired by TV outlets, including prominent national channels like Aaj Tak and News18.
在印度，致力于清除社交媒体和主流媒体虚假信息的独立事实核查网站Alt News提供了多家电视台传播编造新闻的证据，包括Aaj Tak和News18等知名全国性频道。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
在印度，致力于清除社交媒体和主流媒体虚假信息的独立事实核查网站Alt News提供了多家电视台传播编造新闻的证据，包括Aaj Tak和News18等知名全国性频道。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
“The information ecosystem is broken,” said Pratik Sinha, a founder of Alt News. Fact-checking can combat misinformation, Mr. Sinha said, but it has a cost: Alt News is fighting a defamation suit filed by another media outlet. Its reporters have also been harassed.
“信息生态系统已经崩溃，”Alt News联合创始人普拉提克-辛哈表示。他指出，事实核查可以对抗虚假信息，但需付出代价：Alt News正面临另一家媒体提起的诽谤诉讼，其记者也遭到骚扰。
“信息生态系统已经崩溃，”Alt News联合创始人普拉提克-辛哈表示。他指出，事实核查可以对抗虚假信息，但需付出代价：Alt News正面临另一家媒体提起的诽谤诉讼，其记者也遭到骚扰。
More than 200 million Indian households own a television set, and around 450 private TV stations are dedicated to news, according to Reporters Without Borders, making television a major source of information in India.
据“无国界记者”组织数据，印度超过2亿家庭拥有电视机，约450家私营电视台专注于新闻，这使得电视成为印度主要的信息来源。
据“无国界记者”组织数据，印度超过2亿家庭拥有电视机，约450家私营电视台专注于新闻，这使得电视成为印度主要的信息来源。
Last week, several well-known TV stations ran with the story of the Indian Navy attacking Karachi. The reports spread quickly. The terms “Karachi” and “Karachi Port” began trending on X, and images appeared on social media of dark clouds over the city caused by explosions.
上周，多家知名电视台报道了印度海军袭击卡拉奇的消息。报道迅速传播，“卡拉奇”和“卡拉奇港”成为X平台的热搜词，社交媒体上还出现了据称由爆炸引发的城市上空乌云的照片。
上周，多家知名电视台报道了印度海军袭击卡拉奇的消息。报道迅速传播，“卡拉奇”和“卡拉奇港”成为X平台的热搜词，社交媒体上还出现了据称由爆炸引发的城市上空乌云的照片。
Fact-checkers eventually found that those visuals had been from Gaza. In their briefing after the conflict ended, the Indian Navy said that it had been prepared to attack Karachi but had not done so.
事实核查人员最终发现，这些画面来自加沙。冲突结束后，印度海军在简报中表示，他们曾准备攻击卡拉奇，但最终并未实施。
事实核查人员最终发现，这些画面来自加沙。冲突结束后，印度海军在简报中表示，他们曾准备攻击卡拉奇，但最终并未实施。
评论翻译
@notorious_eagle1
You know what the worst thing is, the Indian public not all of them but a sizeable of them actually believe all of this garbage that is fed to them.
你知道最糟糕的是什么吗？印度公众中有相当一部分人真的相信这些灌输给他们的垃圾信息。
You know what the worst thing is, the Indian public not all of them but a sizeable of them actually believe all of this garbage that is fed to them.
你知道最糟糕的是什么吗？印度公众中有相当一部分人真的相信这些灌输给他们的垃圾信息。
I still have Indians who tell me that it’s 100% true that Karachi port has burned down and Pakistan is suffering radiation leaks and the West and Pakistan are lying because they are jealous of Indias success and want to bring it down. They say the only source that matters is Indian media and foreign media is all infiltrated by Pakistanis.
还有印度人告诉我，卡拉奇港确实被烧毁了，巴基斯坦正遭受辐射泄漏，西方和巴基斯坦在撒谎，因为他们嫉妒印度的成功，想把印度拉下水。他们说唯一可信的消息来源是印度媒体，外国媒体都被巴基斯坦人渗透了。
还有印度人告诉我，卡拉奇港确实被烧毁了，巴基斯坦正遭受辐射泄漏，西方和巴基斯坦在撒谎，因为他们嫉妒印度的成功，想把印度拉下水。他们说唯一可信的消息来源是印度媒体，外国媒体都被巴基斯坦人渗透了。
It’s an interesting case study for psychology professionals that a good chunk of Indian populace believes whatever the Indian government and by extension media tells them
对于心理学专业人士来说，这是一个有趣的案例研究：印度相当大一部分人相信政府和媒体告诉他们的一切。
对于心理学专业人士来说，这是一个有趣的案例研究：印度相当大一部分人相信政府和媒体告诉他们的一切。
@dw444
They’re experiencing the Indian version of LBJ’s infamous you can convince the lowest white man he's better than the best colored man, he won't notice you're picking his pocket. Hell, give him somebody to look down on, and he'll empty his pockets for you. Hindutvadi types have convinced the overwhelming majority of the Indian people of an Indian/Hindu version of exactly this.
他们正在经历印度版本的林登-约翰逊那句臭名昭著的话：“你可以让最底层的白人相信他比最优秀的有色人种还要好，他就不会注意到你在掏他的口袋。给他一个可以鄙视的对象，他会把口袋都掏空给你。”印度教民族主义者已经让绝大多数印度人相信了这种印度/印度教版的说法。
They’re experiencing the Indian version of LBJ’s infamous you can convince the lowest white man he's better than the best colored man, he won't notice you're picking his pocket. Hell, give him somebody to look down on, and he'll empty his pockets for you. Hindutvadi types have convinced the overwhelming majority of the Indian people of an Indian/Hindu version of exactly this.
他们正在经历印度版本的林登-约翰逊那句臭名昭著的话：“你可以让最底层的白人相信他比最优秀的有色人种还要好，他就不会注意到你在掏他的口袋。给他一个可以鄙视的对象，他会把口袋都掏空给你。”印度教民族主义者已经让绝大多数印度人相信了这种印度/印度教版的说法。
@BAMES_J0ND
I’ve never heard that quote and I hate how true it still rings…
我以前没听过这句话，但我讨厌它现在依然如此真实。
I’ve never heard that quote and I hate how true it still rings…
我以前没听过这句话，但我讨厌它现在依然如此真实。
@drunkmuffalo
You've got to admit that level of narrative control will make any authoritarian government green with envy, although the downside is you got to keep your people pretty stupid to pull it off
你得承认这种程度的叙事控制会让任何独裁政府都羡慕不已，不过缺点是你得让你的人民足够愚蠢才能做到。
You've got to admit that level of narrative control will make any authoritarian government green with envy, although the downside is you got to keep your people pretty stupid to pull it off
你得承认这种程度的叙事控制会让任何独裁政府都羡慕不已，不过缺点是你得让你的人民足够愚蠢才能做到。
@PanzerKomadant
Because they are high on their own propaganda. The fact that they insist all the time that India is the world’s largest democracy when issues are bought it is simply a means to deflect.
因为他们被自己的宣传洗脑了。他们总是坚持印度是世界上最大的民主国家，这其实只是当问题被提出时的一种转移视线的方式。
Because they are high on their own propaganda. The fact that they insist all the time that India is the world’s largest democracy when issues are bought it is simply a means to deflect.
因为他们被自己的宣传洗脑了。他们总是坚持印度是世界上最大的民主国家，这其实只是当问题被提出时的一种转移视线的方式。
Their democracy not only bans freedom of speech when narrative that goes against the established ones appear, but also have highly propagandist major news outlets that peddle BS.
他们的民主不仅在出现与既定叙述相悖的声音时禁止言论自由，还有高度宣传性质的主流媒体兜售胡言乱语。
他们的民主不仅在出现与既定叙述相悖的声音时禁止言论自由，还有高度宣传性质的主流媒体兜售胡言乱语。
Think of Fox News but you got multiple of them.
想一下福克斯新闻吧，他们有好几个这样的频道。
想一下福克斯新闻吧，他们有好几个这样的频道。
@Mundane-Laugh8562
India and Pakistan aren't really unique here, given that they are cut from the same cultural cloth. In fact, one could say the same for countries like Russia. Hell, even the US has its own version of this.
印度和巴基斯坦在这方面并不独特，毕竟它们有着相同的文化背景。事实上，像俄罗斯这样的国家也可以说是一样的。甚至美国也有自己版本的这种情况。
India and Pakistan aren't really unique here, given that they are cut from the same cultural cloth. In fact, one could say the same for countries like Russia. Hell, even the US has its own version of this.
印度和巴基斯坦在这方面并不独特，毕竟它们有着相同的文化背景。事实上，像俄罗斯这样的国家也可以说是一样的。甚至美国也有自己版本的这种情况。
@ppmi2
If the war of Ukraine has told us anything is that the average free world citizen is just as vulnerable to this shit.
如果乌克兰战争告诉了我们什么，那就是自由世界的普通公民同样容易受这种信息操控的影响。
If the war of Ukraine has told us anything is that the average free world citizen is just as vulnerable to this shit.
如果乌克兰战争告诉了我们什么，那就是自由世界的普通公民同样容易受这种信息操控的影响。
If you want a recent example i will reffer to that SU-30 shot down by a sea drone wich got latter multiplied into two shoot downs by the media.
如果你想要一个近期的例子，那就是那架被海上无人机击落的苏-30，后来被媒体夸大成了两架被击落。
如果你想要一个近期的例子，那就是那架被海上无人机击落的苏-30，后来被媒体夸大成了两架被击落。
@Azarka
The best example is probably the IL-76 "downings" early in the Ukraine war.
最好的例子可能就是乌克兰战争初期那架被称为被击落的伊尔76运输机。
The best example is probably the IL-76 "downings" early in the Ukraine war.
最好的例子可能就是乌克兰战争初期那架被称为被击落的伊尔76运输机。
People were getting shouted down weeks/months after it supposedly happened for saying there's zero debris or crash site showing up all because the shootdown was confirmed by sketchy sources.
几周甚至几个月后，人们还因为指出没有任何残骸或坠机现场而被痛骂，仅仅因为当初“击落”是由可疑的消息来源证实的。
几周甚至几个月后，人们还因为指出没有任何残骸或坠机现场而被痛骂，仅仅因为当初“击落”是由可疑的消息来源证实的。
I'm sure people still believe it happened since it's become "common knowledge". So the same will happen in India.
我敢肯定现在还有人相信那真的发生了，因为这已经成了“常识”。印度也会出现同样的情况。
我敢肯定现在还有人相信那真的发生了，因为这已经成了“常识”。印度也会出现同样的情况。
@Mundane-Laugh8562
I think what matters is the strength of the institutions that are supposed to come out with the right information. The average American might be just as vulnerable to misinformation as the average Indian, but since journalistic integrity is far, far better in the US than in India, the average American is less affected than the average Indian.
关键在于那些应该提供正确信息的机构的实力。普通美国人可能和普通印度人一样容易受到虚假信息影响，但由于美国的新闻操守远远优于印度，美国人受到的影响要小得多。
I think what matters is the strength of the institutions that are supposed to come out with the right information. The average American might be just as vulnerable to misinformation as the average Indian, but since journalistic integrity is far, far better in the US than in India, the average American is less affected than the average Indian.
关键在于那些应该提供正确信息的机构的实力。普通美国人可能和普通印度人一样容易受到虚假信息影响，但由于美国的新闻操守远远优于印度，美国人受到的影响要小得多。
@ppmi2
I guess ours need to make it a bit less odvious.
我猜我们的（媒体）需要让它不那么明显一点。
I guess ours need to make it a bit less odvious.
我猜我们的（媒体）需要让它不那么明显一点。
@armedmaidminion
I find that another way to frx it is that American news outlets' unethical behavior is more subtle.
我觉得可以换个角度看，美国新闻媒体的不道德行为更加隐蔽。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I find that another way to frx it is that American news outlets' unethical behavior is more subtle.
我觉得可以换个角度看，美国新闻媒体的不道德行为更加隐蔽。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
For example, compare the first impressions from reading 3 ways of phrasing the same thing:
举个例子，对比一下用三种不同方式表达同一件事带来的第一印象：
举个例子，对比一下用三种不同方式表达同一件事带来的第一印象：
Pakistan's retaliatory strikes destroyed an Indian S-400 system, an official of the Pakistani Ministry of Defense told [news outlet name].
巴基斯坦国防部一位官员告诉[新闻机构名称]，巴基斯坦的报复性打击摧毁了一套印度的S-400系统。
巴基斯坦国防部一位官员告诉[新闻机构名称]，巴基斯坦的报复性打击摧毁了一套印度的S-400系统。
"We destroyed an Indian S-400 system with our retaliatory strikes," an official of the Pakistani Ministry of Defense said in an interview with [news outlet name].
“我们在报复性打击中摧毁了一套印度的S-400系统，”巴基斯坦国防部的一位官员在接受[新闻机构名称]采访时说。
“我们在报复性打击中摧毁了一套印度的S-400系统，”巴基斯坦国防部的一位官员在接受[新闻机构名称]采访时说。
An official of the Pakistani Ministry of Defense told [news outlet name] that Pakistan destroyed an Indian S-400 system with their retaliatory strikes.
巴基斯坦国防部一位官员告诉[新闻机构名称]，他们在报复性打击中摧毁了印度的S-400系统。
巴基斯坦国防部一位官员告诉[新闻机构名称]，他们在报复性打击中摧毁了印度的S-400系统。
The substance being reported is the same, but the effect on the reader is quite different because of the order of sequence and the framing. The first one primes the reader to believe that the destruction of the S-400 is a fact, while the second and third makes it clear that it is a claim by a Pakistani official. American news outlets will choose the method of phrasing based on how much they want to boost the claims.
三者报道的内容本质是一样的，但由于叙述顺序和表述方式不同，对读者的影响却大不一样。第一种表述会让读者以为摧毁S-400是事实，而第二和第三种则明确这是巴基斯坦官员的说法。美国新闻机构会根据他们想在多大程度上加强这一说法来选择措辞方式。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
三者报道的内容本质是一样的，但由于叙述顺序和表述方式不同，对读者的影响却大不一样。第一种表述会让读者以为摧毁S-400是事实，而第二和第三种则明确这是巴基斯坦官员的说法。美国新闻机构会根据他们想在多大程度上加强这一说法来选择措辞方式。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
@ParkingBadger2130
You could say it about LITTERALLY every single population. But if bro really thinks this is only special to India/Pakistan..... Bro already fell for propaganda.
你可以把这种现象说成适用于几乎所有人群。但如果你真的认为这只是印度/巴基斯坦独有的……兄弟你已经中了宣传的圈套。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
You could say it about LITTERALLY every single population. But if bro really thinks this is only special to India/Pakistan..... Bro already fell for propaganda.
你可以把这种现象说成适用于几乎所有人群。但如果你真的认为这只是印度/巴基斯坦独有的……兄弟你已经中了宣传的圈套。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
@Delicious_Lab_8304
No, it’s just especially pronounced for them.
不，这种现象在他们那里尤其明显。
No, it’s just especially pronounced for them.
不，这种现象在他们那里尤其明显。
Combination of poor / lack of education, poverty, religion, cultural factors, mobile internet connectivity, large population, and English fluency.
这是由于贫困/教育缺失、宗教、文化因素、移动互联网的普及、大量人口和英语普及率的综合作用。
这是由于贫困/教育缺失、宗教、文化因素、移动互联网的普及、大量人口和英语普及率的综合作用。
Like, this wouldn’t happen in Africa because no one believes the government anyhow, and they would sooner blame one of the other various disparate tribes on / in their own side / country before going after an enemy nation.
比如，在非洲这种事就不会发生，因为没人信任政府，他们更可能先怪自己国家里其他部落，而不是敌国。
比如，在非洲这种事就不会发生，因为没人信任政府，他们更可能先怪自己国家里其他部落，而不是敌国。
@BertDeathStare
Misinformation exists everywhere but I think India/Pakistan takes it to another level.
虚假信息无处不在，但我认为印度/巴基斯坦把这玩意儿提升到了另一个层次。
Misinformation exists everywhere but I think India/Pakistan takes it to another level.
虚假信息无处不在，但我认为印度/巴基斯坦把这玩意儿提升到了另一个层次。
@beachedwhale1945
If all you hear is bullshit, then bullshit is what you will believe.
如果你听到的全是胡扯，那你自然也只会相信胡扯。
If all you hear is bullshit, then bullshit is what you will believe.
如果你听到的全是胡扯，那你自然也只会相信胡扯。
@SussyCloud
Bro, if the most "unbiased" news outlet in your country is one with a news anchor that regularly shouts at anyone even slightly hypocritical of India during debate panels as a fucking MODERATOR, then you have a major problem.
兄弟，如果你们国家最“公正”的新闻媒体的主持人是在辩论节目中作为主持人一边怒吼任何稍微批评印度的人，那你们的问题就大了。
Bro, if the most "unbiased" news outlet in your country is one with a news anchor that regularly shouts at anyone even slightly hypocritical of India during debate panels as a fucking MODERATOR, then you have a major problem.
兄弟，如果你们国家最“公正”的新闻媒体的主持人是在辩论节目中作为主持人一边怒吼任何稍微批评印度的人，那你们的问题就大了。
@drt786
Also remember that India is one of the highest power-distance nations in the world (much more say than say Pakistan) - which means they defer to 'leaders' more openly with less willingness to question the official narrative.
别忘了，印度是世界上“权力距离”最高的国家之一（比巴基斯坦还要高得多）——这意味着他们更倾向于服从“领导者”，也更不愿质疑官方叙事。
Also remember that India is one of the highest power-distance nations in the world (much more say than say Pakistan) - which means they defer to 'leaders' more openly with less willingness to question the official narrative.
别忘了，印度是世界上“权力距离”最高的国家之一（比巴基斯坦还要高得多）——这意味着他们更倾向于服从“领导者”，也更不愿质疑官方叙事。
@Korn-e-lus
I find it interesting that the Indian defense Twitter might be the only group that looks at a missile (pl15) that shot down multiple Indian aircraft and say it's a bad missile.
我觉得很有趣的是，印度国防推特可能是唯一一个看到一枚击落多架本国战机的导弹（PL15）却还说它很差的群体。
I find it interesting that the Indian defense Twitter might be the only group that looks at a missile (pl15) that shot down multiple Indian aircraft and say it's a bad missile.
我觉得很有趣的是，印度国防推特可能是唯一一个看到一枚击落多架本国战机的导弹（PL15）却还说它很差的群体。
@LanchestersLaw
IAF Raffle > J20 :
印度空军的“阵风”战机比J-20强：
IAF Raffle > J20 :
印度空军的“阵风”战机比J-20强：
As per Air Marshal(retd.), “Rafale is far superior to the J-20, the Chengdu fighter of china. Even though it is believed to be a fifth-generation fighter. it is probably at best a 3.5 generation aircraft. it got a third-generation engine as we have in Sukhoi.”
据退役空军元帅说：“‘阵风’远远优于中国成都制造的J-20。尽管J-20被认为是第五代战机，但它最多也就是3.5代的水平。它使用的还是和苏霍伊战机一样的第三代发动机。”
据退役空军元帅说：“‘阵风’远远优于中国成都制造的J-20。尽管J-20被认为是第五代战机，但它最多也就是3.5代的水平。它使用的还是和苏霍伊战机一样的第三代发动机。”
Darwin-Award worthy nationalism.
堪称“达尔文奖”级别的民族主义。
堪称“达尔文奖”级别的民族主义。
@aaronupright
Rafales, MKI and MiG29 intercepted PL15.with their fusalage.
“阵风”、MKI和米格29用机身拦截了PL15导弹。
Rafales, MKI and MiG29 intercepted PL15.with their fusalage.
“阵风”、MKI和米格29用机身拦截了PL15导弹。
@Nevarien
Common IAF win intercepting the weak Chinese missiles with their strong fighters.
印度空军再次获胜，用强大的战机拦截了软弱的中国导弹。
Common IAF win intercepting the weak Chinese missiles with their strong fighters.
印度空军再次获胜，用强大的战机拦截了软弱的中国导弹。
@MingoUSA
Indians got the PL15 wreckage, and Pakistan got none. A clear win for India. lol
印度人捡到了PL15的残骸，巴基斯坦什么也没捡到。明显是印度赢了，哈哈。
Indians got the PL15 wreckage, and Pakistan got none. A clear win for India. lol
印度人捡到了PL15的残骸，巴基斯坦什么也没捡到。明显是印度赢了，哈哈。
@Admirablesextion81
Indian Nationalism is a helluva drug
印度的民族主义简直像毒品一样上头。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Indian Nationalism is a helluva drug
印度的民族主义简直像毒品一样上头。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
@throwaway12junk
It's called spin. British people today still believe the retreat at Dunkirk, France was a glorious moment of the British people. When reality it was a failure so utterly catastrophic they had to put their own civilians directly in harms way to make up for the leadership incompetence.
这叫“包装”。英国人至今仍然相信敦刻尔克撤退是英国人民的光辉时刻。其实那是一次极其灾难性的失败，领导层无能到必须把平民置于险境来弥补军事的损失。
It's called spin. British people today still believe the retreat at Dunkirk, France was a glorious moment of the British people. When reality it was a failure so utterly catastrophic they had to put their own civilians directly in harms way to make up for the leadership incompetence.
这叫“包装”。英国人至今仍然相信敦刻尔克撤退是英国人民的光辉时刻。其实那是一次极其灾难性的失败，领导层无能到必须把平民置于险境来弥补军事的损失。
@throwaway12junk
I'm still trying to understand why Indian media is so defensive about the Rafaels. India didn't design or build these planes, even going out of their way to brag they were imported from France (and therefore better than whatever China produced).
我还是不理解为什么印度媒体对“阵风”战机这么护短。印度既没有设计也没有制造这些飞机，甚至还特别炫耀它们是从法国进口的（所以比中国造的更好）。
I'm still trying to understand why Indian media is so defensive about the Rafaels. India didn't design or build these planes, even going out of their way to brag they were imported from France (and therefore better than whatever China produced).
我还是不理解为什么印度媒体对“阵风”战机这么护短。印度既没有设计也没有制造这些飞机，甚至还特别炫耀它们是从法国进口的（所以比中国造的更好）。
Is someone getting kickbacks on each purchase, or is there PR campaigning by Dassault?
是有人从每一笔采购中拿回扣，还是达索在搞公关活动？
是有人从每一笔采购中拿回扣，还是达索在搞公关活动？
@AWildNome
They paid nearly $300 million per Rafale in what might be one of the most expensive fighter acquisitions ever, although this price includes customizations, training, logistics, and a requirement for Dassault to invest in the Indian defense industry, presumably towards a path where they would eventually be able to locally manufacture Rafales similar to their deal with Russia and the Su-30MKI. They had to justify such a huge purchase somehow.
他们为每架“阵风”支付了近3亿美元，可能是史上最昂贵的战机采购之一，虽然这个价格包含定制、培训、后勤支持，以及达索对印度国防工业的投资要求，目的是让印度最终能像对待苏-30MKI一样实现本土化生产。他们必须设法为这样巨额的采购找个理由。
They paid nearly $300 million per Rafale in what might be one of the most expensive fighter acquisitions ever, although this price includes customizations, training, logistics, and a requirement for Dassault to invest in the Indian defense industry, presumably towards a path where they would eventually be able to locally manufacture Rafales similar to their deal with Russia and the Su-30MKI. They had to justify such a huge purchase somehow.
他们为每架“阵风”支付了近3亿美元，可能是史上最昂贵的战机采购之一，虽然这个价格包含定制、培训、后勤支持，以及达索对印度国防工业的投资要求，目的是让印度最终能像对待苏-30MKI一样实现本土化生产。他们必须设法为这样巨额的采购找个理由。
@ivandelapena
In Feb 2019 India's MiG-21 got shot down and the pilot captured. This was humiliating for India and the blame was put on the jet, the solution was the Rafale which was delivered later that year and India's media went crazy with hype. They touted it as it giving aerial dominance over Pakistan being much better than the MiG-21 and anything Pakistan had. The Rafale getting shot down makes India's media look stupid.
2019年2月，印度的一架米格-21被击落，飞行员被俘。这对印度来说是一次羞辱，责任被推到了飞机上，解决方案就是“阵风”战机，它在当年晚些时候交付，印度媒体对此大肆炒作。他们吹捧“阵风”在对巴基斯坦的空战中能取得绝对优势，比米格-21和巴基斯坦拥有的任何飞机都要好。“阵风”如果被击落，会让印度媒体看起来很蠢。
In Feb 2019 India's MiG-21 got shot down and the pilot captured. This was humiliating for India and the blame was put on the jet, the solution was the Rafale which was delivered later that year and India's media went crazy with hype. They touted it as it giving aerial dominance over Pakistan being much better than the MiG-21 and anything Pakistan had. The Rafale getting shot down makes India's media look stupid.
2019年2月，印度的一架米格-21被击落，飞行员被俘。这对印度来说是一次羞辱，责任被推到了飞机上，解决方案就是“阵风”战机，它在当年晚些时候交付，印度媒体对此大肆炒作。他们吹捧“阵风”在对巴基斯坦的空战中能取得绝对优势，比米格-21和巴基斯坦拥有的任何飞机都要好。“阵风”如果被击落，会让印度媒体看起来很蠢。
@sext_Addition_5670
Nonsense! I have seen the posts! It’s the J-20 killer!!!
胡说八道！我看到过帖子！那是“J-20杀手”！！！
Nonsense! I have seen the posts! It’s the J-20 killer!!!
胡说八道！我看到过帖子！那是“J-20杀手”！！！
@commanche_00
In 2020, They even claimed J-20 was 3.5 gen and rafale could easily beat it. Imagine their ignorance
2020年，他们甚至声称J-20只是3.5代战机，而“阵风”可以轻松击败它。想象一下他们的无知吧。
In 2020, They even claimed J-20 was 3.5 gen and rafale could easily beat it. Imagine their ignorance
2020年，他们甚至声称J-20只是3.5代战机，而“阵风”可以轻松击败它。想象一下他们的无知吧。
@khan9813
The problem with nationalism is that any weakness cracks the foundation of belief, and therefore is unacceptable.
民族主义的问题在于，任何弱点都会动摇信仰的根基，因此是不可接受的。
The problem with nationalism is that any weakness cracks the foundation of belief, and therefore is unacceptable.
民族主义的问题在于，任何弱点都会动摇信仰的根基，因此是不可接受的。
@glyMao
Right now Indian subreddits are all discussing how they should retaliate the supposed Chinese support for Pakistan while India itself got slapped by Pak
现在印度的Reddit分区都在讨论该如何报复中国对巴基斯坦的所谓支持，而实际上印度自己却被巴基斯坦打脸了。
Right now Indian subreddits are all discussing how they should retaliate the supposed Chinese support for Pakistan while India itself got slapped by Pak
现在印度的Reddit分区都在讨论该如何报复中国对巴基斯坦的所谓支持，而实际上印度自己却被巴基斯坦打脸了。
Meanwhile India isn't even in China's rear view mirror LMao
与此同时，中国的后视镜里都没有印度的影子，笑死我了。
与此同时，中国的后视镜里都没有印度的影子，笑死我了。
@fahq05
We dont stand a chance against the Chinese in a proper war. But to say India got slapped by Pakistan is delusional. We bombed 12 of their bases and lost minimum 2 maximum 3 jets. Pakistan rushed for a ceasefire (which they broke for 3 continuous days). We see atleast 1 of C130 burning, 1 AWACS and 1 F16 damage on Pakistan’s side (All damaged in various hangars, dm for pictures). Let’s not forget about 4 of their destroyed radars & HQ9 (75% conf). Indian media and Pakistani media both amplified falsehoods but it was only the Pakistani govt using game footage, AI & edited videos in their official pressers. I get that you being a Chinese American are biased but it’s China who’s standing with Pakistan despite proven terror lixs.
我们在和中国进行正式战争中确实没什么胜算。但说印度被巴基斯坦打脸，那就是妄想了。我们炸了他们12个基地，最多损失了2到3架飞机。巴基斯坦匆忙请求停火（他们随后连续3天又违约）。我们确认看到他们的1架C130起火，1架预警机和1架F16受损（都在不同机库中损毁，有图私信我）。还有他们4个雷达和1个HQ9系统被毁（确认率75%）。印巴媒体都在夸大虚假信息，但只有巴基斯坦政府在官方记者会上用游戏画面、AI和剪辑视频。我理解你作为一个美籍华人有偏见，但中国明知巴基斯坦支持恐怖主义，仍然站在他们一边。
We dont stand a chance against the Chinese in a proper war. But to say India got slapped by Pakistan is delusional. We bombed 12 of their bases and lost minimum 2 maximum 3 jets. Pakistan rushed for a ceasefire (which they broke for 3 continuous days). We see atleast 1 of C130 burning, 1 AWACS and 1 F16 damage on Pakistan’s side (All damaged in various hangars, dm for pictures). Let’s not forget about 4 of their destroyed radars & HQ9 (75% conf). Indian media and Pakistani media both amplified falsehoods but it was only the Pakistani govt using game footage, AI & edited videos in their official pressers. I get that you being a Chinese American are biased but it’s China who’s standing with Pakistan despite proven terror lixs.
我们在和中国进行正式战争中确实没什么胜算。但说印度被巴基斯坦打脸，那就是妄想了。我们炸了他们12个基地，最多损失了2到3架飞机。巴基斯坦匆忙请求停火（他们随后连续3天又违约）。我们确认看到他们的1架C130起火，1架预警机和1架F16受损（都在不同机库中损毁，有图私信我）。还有他们4个雷达和1个HQ9系统被毁（确认率75%）。印巴媒体都在夸大虚假信息，但只有巴基斯坦政府在官方记者会上用游戏画面、AI和剪辑视频。我理解你作为一个美籍华人有偏见，但中国明知巴基斯坦支持恐怖主义，仍然站在他们一边。
@DemonLordRoundTable
“Let’s not forget” buddy you and your country are the only ones parroting this BS. What the actual hell is 75% confirmation LOL
“别忘了”兄弟，你和你国家是唯一在复读这些鬼话的。75%确认率到底是个什么鬼，笑死我了。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
“Let’s not forget” buddy you and your country are the only ones parroting this BS. What the actual hell is 75% confirmation LOL
“别忘了”兄弟，你和你国家是唯一在复读这些鬼话的。75%确认率到底是个什么鬼，笑死我了。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
@fahq05
dm me. Unlike the other guy who just blocked me after slandering
私信我。别像那个造谣完就拉黑我的人一样。
dm me. Unlike the other guy who just blocked me after slandering
私信我。别像那个造谣完就拉黑我的人一样。
@commanche_00
Nah man. Keep living in your bubble. The rest of the world already have different views
不，兄弟。继续活在你的幻想泡泡里吧。世界上其他人早就有不同看法了。
Nah man. Keep living in your bubble. The rest of the world already have different views
不，兄弟。继续活在你的幻想泡泡里吧。世界上其他人早就有不同看法了。
@fahq05
Standing up to the name of the sub. Getting downvoted is like a medal of achievement in this sub. Another moron who believes what he sees but not ready to back up their claims. I get that though, you’re also a Chinese so bias is a given.
你倒挺配得上这个论坛的名字。在这里被踩就像是一种荣誉勋章。又一个只相信眼前所见却不愿为言论提供依据的蠢货。我理解啦，你也是中国人，所以有偏见是必然的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Standing up to the name of the sub. Getting downvoted is like a medal of achievement in this sub. Another moron who believes what he sees but not ready to back up their claims. I get that though, you’re also a Chinese so bias is a given.
你倒挺配得上这个论坛的名字。在这里被踩就像是一种荣誉勋章。又一个只相信眼前所见却不愿为言论提供依据的蠢货。我理解啦，你也是中国人，所以有偏见是必然的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
@commanche_00
What's worse than ignorant? Stubborn ignorant
比无知更糟的是什么？是固执的无知。
What's worse than ignorant? Stubborn ignorant
比无知更糟的是什么？是固执的无知。
@outtayoleeg
The posts of their mainstream channels and journalists claiming they shot down Pakistani jets and captured pilots are still up. All these stories are actually being fed to them by govt/army itself.
他们主流频道和记者声称击落巴基斯坦战机并俘虏飞行员的帖子现在还在。这些故事其实都是政府/军方自己喂给他们的。
The posts of their mainstream channels and journalists claiming they shot down Pakistani jets and captured pilots are still up. All these stories are actually being fed to them by govt/army itself.
他们主流频道和记者声称击落巴基斯坦战机并俘虏飞行员的帖子现在还在。这些故事其实都是政府/军方自己喂给他们的。
A couple days ago they cooked up a story saying they flew "dummy jets" that were shot down. They seriously can't expect the world to believe their fantasies but Indian public, which is already high on copium, is now peddling it as facts.
几天前他们还编了个故事，说他们放飞了“诱饵战机”然后被击落。他们居然真以为世界会相信这种幻想，但已经沉迷于精神胜利法的印度民众现在把这些当成事实在传播。
几天前他们还编了个故事，说他们放飞了“诱饵战机”然后被击落。他们居然真以为世界会相信这种幻想，但已经沉迷于精神胜利法的印度民众现在把这些当成事实在传播。
@sext_Addition_5670
I feel like they have so Little oversight and their public (both sides) give so few shits about anything being truthful that it’s merely a race to publish anything first.
我觉得他们几乎没有什么监督机制，而且公众（双方都是）根本不在乎真实性，所以这就变成了谁先发出来谁就赢的比赛。
I feel like they have so Little oversight and their public (both sides) give so few shits about anything being truthful that it’s merely a race to publish anything first.
我觉得他们几乎没有什么监督机制，而且公众（双方都是）根本不在乎真实性，所以这就变成了谁先发出来谁就赢的比赛。
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