为什么中国物流如此高效？他们是怎么做到的
正文翻译
为什么中国物流如此高效？他们是怎么做到的
为什么中国物流如此高效？他们是怎么做到的
评论翻译
Mia Brown
Studied World Literatures & Chinese (language)
It is undeniable that China's logistics system has reached the world's advanced level. The scale of China's express delivery industry has ranked first in the world for five consecutive years, and is more than three times that of the United States, which ranks second, accounting for more than half of the global express package market. There are three main reasons behind this.
不可否认，中国的物流体系已经达到了世界先进水平。中国快递业的规模已连续五年位居世界第一，是排名第二的美国的三倍多，占全球快递包裹市场的一半以上。这背后有三个主要的原因。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Studied World Literatures & Chinese (language)
It is undeniable that China's logistics system has reached the world's advanced level. The scale of China's express delivery industry has ranked first in the world for five consecutive years, and is more than three times that of the United States, which ranks second, accounting for more than half of the global express package market. There are three main reasons behind this.
不可否认，中国的物流体系已经达到了世界先进水平。中国快递业的规模已连续五年位居世界第一，是排名第二的美国的三倍多，占全球快递包裹市场的一半以上。这背后有三个主要的原因。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
1.Logistics is based on national infrastructure, which includes not only hardware but also software. China has many types of transportation and transportation extending in all directions. Referring to the data in 2020, China has 5.1981 million kilometers of highways, including 161000 kilometers of highways, 146300 kilometers of railways, including 38000 kilometers of high-speed railways.
In June 2022, Ezhou Huahu Airport, the world's fourth and Asia's first professional cargo airport, was officially put into operation. From here, the 1.5-hour flight circle can cover China's five national urban agglomerations. Covering 90% of the country's total economic output, goods are expected to achieve the goal of "reaching the country one day and the world overnight".
1. 中国的物流以国家基础设施为基础，不仅包括硬件，还包括软件。中国的交通运输种类繁多，而且交通四通八达。参考2020年的数据，中国拥有519.81万公里的公路，其中高速公路16.1万公里，铁路14.63万公里，其中高速铁路3.8万公里。
2022年6月，全球第四个、亚洲第一个专业货运机场——鄂州花湖机场正式投入运营。从这里出发，1.5小时的飞行圈可以覆盖中国的五个国家级城市群，运送的货物可以覆盖中国经济总量的90%，预计将实现“一日通全国，一夜通世界”的目标。
In June 2022, Ezhou Huahu Airport, the world's fourth and Asia's first professional cargo airport, was officially put into operation. From here, the 1.5-hour flight circle can cover China's five national urban agglomerations. Covering 90% of the country's total economic output, goods are expected to achieve the goal of "reaching the country one day and the world overnight".
1. 中国的物流以国家基础设施为基础，不仅包括硬件，还包括软件。中国的交通运输种类繁多，而且交通四通八达。参考2020年的数据，中国拥有519.81万公里的公路，其中高速公路16.1万公里，铁路14.63万公里，其中高速铁路3.8万公里。
2022年6月，全球第四个、亚洲第一个专业货运机场——鄂州花湖机场正式投入运营。从这里出发，1.5小时的飞行圈可以覆盖中国的五个国家级城市群，运送的货物可以覆盖中国经济总量的90%，预计将实现“一日通全国，一夜通世界”的目标。
Speaking of logistics delivery time, the average delivery time of domestic express delivery of China is 48 hours, and that of domestic express delivery of American domestic logistics giants such as ups and FedEx is also about 48 hours, but some express companies under the giants cannot achieve this efficiency.
说到物流配送时间，中国国内快递的平均配送时间为48小时，虽然UPS和联邦快递等美国国内物流巨头的国内快递平均配送时间也在48小时左右，但这些巨头旗下的一些快递公司无法实现这一效率。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
说到物流配送时间，中国国内快递的平均配送时间为48小时，虽然UPS和联邦快递等美国国内物流巨头的国内快递平均配送时间也在48小时左右，但这些巨头旗下的一些快递公司无法实现这一效率。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
In addition to speed, there is also coverage. There are express delivery points all over China. China Post, known as the national machine, has a service network coverage of 100% in villages and towns, ranging from Sansha in the south, Mohe in the north, Mount Everest and even space. As long as the address exists, the express will be delivered.
2.China is a real populous country, and also a big online shopping country.China's express delivery business volume reached a breakthrough of 50billion pieces in 2018, and the average daily service of express delivery enterprises reached 280million person times, that is to say, one in five people is using China's express delivery services every day.
除了速度，还有覆盖范围。中国各地都有快递点。被称为国家机器的中国邮政在乡镇拥有100%的服务网络覆盖率，范围南起三沙，北至漠河，珠穆朗玛峰乃至太空。只要地址存在，快递就能被送达。
中国是一个真正的人口大国，也是一个网购大国。2018年中国快递的业务量突破500亿件，快递企业日均服务量达到2.8亿人次，也就是说，每天有五分之一的人在使用中国的快递服务。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
2.China is a real populous country, and also a big online shopping country.China's express delivery business volume reached a breakthrough of 50billion pieces in 2018, and the average daily service of express delivery enterprises reached 280million person times, that is to say, one in five people is using China's express delivery services every day.
除了速度，还有覆盖范围。中国各地都有快递点。被称为国家机器的中国邮政在乡镇拥有100%的服务网络覆盖率，范围南起三沙，北至漠河，珠穆朗玛峰乃至太空。只要地址存在，快递就能被送达。
中国是一个真正的人口大国，也是一个网购大国。2018年中国快递的业务量突破500亿件，快递企业日均服务量达到2.8亿人次，也就是说，每天有五分之一的人在使用中国的快递服务。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
The British information Merchant Machine machine analyzed the shopping habits of various countries / regions around the world and found that China is the world's largest online consumer, with a total amount of online shopping of $1276.2 billion in 2019, far higher than the second place United States (830.7 billion).
Online shopping, together with high-speed rail, mobile payment and bike sharing, has been rated as China's "new four inventions" by Chinese young people. From 2012 to 2021, China's online retail sales soared from 1.3 trillion yuan to 13.1 trillion yuan, leaping to become the world's largest online retail country, and the world's largest e-commerce retail is supported by express logistics.
英国的Merchant Machine分析了世界各国/地区的购物习惯，它们发现中国是全球最大的网购消费国，2019年在线购物总额为12762亿美元，远高于第二名的美国（8307亿美元）。
网购与高铁、移动支付和共享单车一起被中国年轻人评为中国“新四大发明”。2012年至2021年，中国网络零售销售额从1.3万亿元飙升至13.1万亿元，一跃成为全球网络零售第一大国。
Online shopping, together with high-speed rail, mobile payment and bike sharing, has been rated as China's "new four inventions" by Chinese young people. From 2012 to 2021, China's online retail sales soared from 1.3 trillion yuan to 13.1 trillion yuan, leaping to become the world's largest online retail country, and the world's largest e-commerce retail is supported by express logistics.
英国的Merchant Machine分析了世界各国/地区的购物习惯，它们发现中国是全球最大的网购消费国，2019年在线购物总额为12762亿美元，远高于第二名的美国（8307亿美元）。
网购与高铁、移动支付和共享单车一起被中国年轻人评为中国“新四大发明”。2012年至2021年，中国网络零售销售额从1.3万亿元飙升至13.1万亿元，一跃成为全球网络零售第一大国。
In China, e-commerce has become a feature of China's express delivery industry. It plays a multiplier role in the development of the express delivery industry, which makes the development of China's express delivery industry form a complete industrial chain, and realizes the real economic mutual promotion and common development.
The express industry has played an important role in stabilizing economic growth, adjusting economic structure, benefiting people's lives and other aspects, and its importance is still growing.The 2021 China Express development index report released by the State Post Office of China shows that the National Express business volume has completed 108.3 billion pieces, breaking through 100 billion pieces for the first time, and fully shows that the current express development has become another basic demand of people after basic necessities of life.
在中国，电子商务已经成为中国快递业的一个特点。它对快递业的发展起着乘数作用，使中国快递业的发展形成了完整的产业链，实现了真正的经济相互促进、共同发展。
快递业在稳经济增长、调经济结构、造福人民生活等方面发挥了重要的作用，其重要性仍在不断提升。中国国家邮政局发布的2021年中国快递发展指数报告显示，中国的快递业务量已达到1083亿件，首次突破1000亿件，这充分表明当前的快递发展已成为人们继基本生活必需品之后的又一基本需求。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
The express industry has played an important role in stabilizing economic growth, adjusting economic structure, benefiting people's lives and other aspects, and its importance is still growing.The 2021 China Express development index report released by the State Post Office of China shows that the National Express business volume has completed 108.3 billion pieces, breaking through 100 billion pieces for the first time, and fully shows that the current express development has become another basic demand of people after basic necessities of life.
在中国，电子商务已经成为中国快递业的一个特点。它对快递业的发展起着乘数作用，使中国快递业的发展形成了完整的产业链，实现了真正的经济相互促进、共同发展。
快递业在稳经济增长、调经济结构、造福人民生活等方面发挥了重要的作用，其重要性仍在不断提升。中国国家邮政局发布的2021年中国快递发展指数报告显示，中国的快递业务量已达到1083亿件，首次突破1000亿件，这充分表明当前的快递发展已成为人们继基本生活必需品之后的又一基本需求。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
3. Another point that cannot be ignored is that China has super logistics enterprises.Transportation topics, a famous international logistics magazine, announced the top 100 logistics enterprises in 2022. In the global shipping list, China has 10 enterprises in the top 50. In the list of air transportation, 7 Chinese enterprises have entered the top 50. Besides the United States, China has the largest number of top 50 enterprises. Among the world's strongest logistics enterprises, the number of Chinese enterprises ranks second.Transport topics is also a magazine of Americans. This shows that even the United States recognizes that China's logistics industry is very strong. These pillars have supported China's logistics industry.
另一点不容忽视的是，中国拥有超级物流企业。著名国际物流杂志《Transportation topics》公布了2022年全球物流企业100强。在全球海运榜单中，中国有10家企业进入前50名。在空运榜单中，有7家中国企业进入前五十名。除美国外，中国拥有最多的前50名企业。在全球最强的物流企业中，中国企业的数量位居第二。《Transportation topics》是美国的杂志。这表明即使是美国也承认中国的物流业非常强大。这些支柱企业支撑了中国的物流业。
另一点不容忽视的是，中国拥有超级物流企业。著名国际物流杂志《Transportation topics》公布了2022年全球物流企业100强。在全球海运榜单中，中国有10家企业进入前50名。在空运榜单中，有7家中国企业进入前五十名。除美国外，中国拥有最多的前50名企业。在全球最强的物流企业中，中国企业的数量位居第二。《Transportation topics》是美国的杂志。这表明即使是美国也承认中国的物流业非常强大。这些支柱企业支撑了中国的物流业。
In China's logistics enterprises, the national team is the backbone. China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd. and CHINA COSCO SHIPPING GROUP have grown to the point where they can compete with the strongest logistics giants in the United States.
In 2009, China newly revised the "postal law" and later promulgated and implemented it. The key to the rapid development of the express industry is to liberalize the market in China, forming a situation of full competition among private enterprises, state-owned enterprises and Sino foreign joint ventures.
The rapid development of logistics is also related to the technology that enterprises continue to support. China's "Cloud Warehouse" is a typical representative.
在中国的物流企业中，国家队是中坚力量。中国中铁股份有限公司、中国中远海运集团已经发展到可以与美国最强的物流巨头竞争的程度。
2009年，我国新修订的《邮政法》颁布实施。快递业快速发展的关键在于放开国内市场，形成民营企业、国有企业和中外合资企业充分竞争的局面。
物流的快速发展也与企业持续不断的技术支持有关，中国的“云仓库”就是一个典型的代表。
In 2009, China newly revised the "postal law" and later promulgated and implemented it. The key to the rapid development of the express industry is to liberalize the market in China, forming a situation of full competition among private enterprises, state-owned enterprises and Sino foreign joint ventures.
The rapid development of logistics is also related to the technology that enterprises continue to support. China's "Cloud Warehouse" is a typical representative.
在中国的物流企业中，国家队是中坚力量。中国中铁股份有限公司、中国中远海运集团已经发展到可以与美国最强的物流巨头竞争的程度。
2009年，我国新修订的《邮政法》颁布实施。快递业快速发展的关键在于放开国内市场，形成民营企业、国有企业和中外合资企业充分竞争的局面。
物流的快速发展也与企业持续不断的技术支持有关，中国的“云仓库”就是一个典型的代表。
"Cloud Warehouse" has the most powerful automatic distribution system in domestic e-commerce. It can process 32000 parcels per hour in the process of parcel sorting, and 18000 boxes of goods per hour in the process of route sorting. The efficiency of this transportation and picking method is more than three times higher than that of traditional manual operation.
The spirit of Chinese people's continuous excavation and research has also become a strong support for China's logistics to constantly refresh the world record.
Speaking of this, I think you have understood why China's logistics is in the forefront of the world, and you can find that China's logistics will continue to develop strongly.
“云仓”拥有国内电商中最强大的自动配送系统。在包裹分拣过程中，它每小时可处理32000个包裹，在路线分拣过程中每小时可以处理18000箱货物。这种运输和拣选方式的效率比传统的人工操作高3倍以上。
中国人不断挖掘和研究的精神也成为中国物流不断刷新世界纪录的有力支撑。
说到这里，我想你已经了解了为什么中国的物流处于世界前列，你会发现中国的物流将继续强劲发展。
The spirit of Chinese people's continuous excavation and research has also become a strong support for China's logistics to constantly refresh the world record.
Speaking of this, I think you have understood why China's logistics is in the forefront of the world, and you can find that China's logistics will continue to develop strongly.
“云仓”拥有国内电商中最强大的自动配送系统。在包裹分拣过程中，它每小时可处理32000个包裹，在路线分拣过程中每小时可以处理18000箱货物。这种运输和拣选方式的效率比传统的人工操作高3倍以上。
中国人不断挖掘和研究的精神也成为中国物流不断刷新世界纪录的有力支撑。
说到这里，我想你已经了解了为什么中国的物流处于世界前列，你会发现中国的物流将继续强劲发展。
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Jason Smith ShangguanJiewen
M.A. in History, San Francisco State University (SFSU) (Graduated 2010)upxed Jun 14
Moving goods from port to port, city to city and manufacturer to distributor to retailer doesn’t sound alluring to most folks. But increasingly its making the front page. With Americans’ desperate to refill their shelves and inflation soaring close to 9.5% in the US and parts of Europe, professionals and regular people alike are looking to China with inflation close to 1.5% as the model for relieving pressure on their broken logistics systems.
将货物从一个港口运送到另一个港口，从一个城市运送到另一个城市，从制造商转移到分销商再到零售商，这对大多数人来说听起来并不具有吸引力，但它越来越多地登上报纸的头版。随着美国人急于补货，美国和欧洲部分地区的通货膨胀率飙升到接近9.5%，专业人士和普通民众都将通货膨胀率接近 1.5% 的中国视为缓解其破烂的物流系统压力的模板。
Jason Smith ShangguanJiewen
M.A. in History, San Francisco State University (SFSU) (Graduated 2010)upxed Jun 14
Moving goods from port to port, city to city and manufacturer to distributor to retailer doesn’t sound alluring to most folks. But increasingly its making the front page. With Americans’ desperate to refill their shelves and inflation soaring close to 9.5% in the US and parts of Europe, professionals and regular people alike are looking to China with inflation close to 1.5% as the model for relieving pressure on their broken logistics systems.
将货物从一个港口运送到另一个港口，从一个城市运送到另一个城市，从制造商转移到分销商再到零售商，这对大多数人来说听起来并不具有吸引力，但它越来越多地登上报纸的头版。随着美国人急于补货，美国和欧洲部分地区的通货膨胀率飙升到接近9.5%，专业人士和普通民众都将通货膨胀率接近 1.5% 的中国视为缓解其破烂的物流系统压力的模板。
Let’s speak plainly. If you want to make a jacket with a zipper and some buttons with a specific style, and make tens of thousands of them you make these in China. Why? If you want to buy fabric in India, ship it to Bangladesh to be made into textiles, and then unite them in Vietnam to be finished and packaged with buttons from Cambodia and zippers from Indonesia, you are not going to make much profit after paying tariffs, shipping fees and multiple different work forces communicating across several countries. China makes everything you need and has the largest high speed rail network in the world. All you need is one factory and you can utilize existing logistics infrastructure to make everything in one place in one language. Then you ship to one end point. Increasingly, China is a destination for consuming products too. So maybe you sell a few thousand or more units in China too. These don’t even need to undergo any of the headaches of exporting the units, or dealing with importation.
让我们坦率地说吧。如果你想要一件带有拉链和一些特定款式的纽扣的夹克，然后生产数万件，那么你可以把它交给中国。为什么？因为如果你想在印度购买布料并将其运到孟加拉国制成纺织品，然后在越南对其进行缝制，再用柬埔寨的纽扣和印尼的拉链进行加工和包装，那么在支付关税、运费和多个国家的多个不同的劳动力成本后，你将不会获得多少利润。而中国制造你所需要的一切，它们拥有世界上最大的高铁网络，你所需要的只是一个工厂，你可以利用现有的物流基础设施，在同一个地方用同一种语言制造一切，然后运送到一个最终的地点即可。中国也越来越多地成为消费品的目的地，所以也许你在中国也能卖出几千件甚至更多，这些甚至不需要经过任何令人头疼的处理出口和进口这些产品的公司。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
让我们坦率地说吧。如果你想要一件带有拉链和一些特定款式的纽扣的夹克，然后生产数万件，那么你可以把它交给中国。为什么？因为如果你想在印度购买布料并将其运到孟加拉国制成纺织品，然后在越南对其进行缝制，再用柬埔寨的纽扣和印尼的拉链进行加工和包装，那么在支付关税、运费和多个国家的多个不同的劳动力成本后，你将不会获得多少利润。而中国制造你所需要的一切，它们拥有世界上最大的高铁网络，你所需要的只是一个工厂，你可以利用现有的物流基础设施，在同一个地方用同一种语言制造一切，然后运送到一个最终的地点即可。中国也越来越多地成为消费品的目的地，所以也许你在中国也能卖出几千件甚至更多，这些甚至不需要经过任何令人头疼的处理出口和进口这些产品的公司。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
This is not the only reason China is leading the way in logistics. Another is AI and automation. May 11th, 2017 saw the opening of the first fully automated container port in the world in Qingdao. Only a few people are there to oversea IT related issues. Everything else is done by computers. 5.2 million TEUs or Twenty Feet Equivalent Units are handled by laser scanning using 6 berths increasing efficiency by 30% and reducing labor costs by 70%. China has 7 out of 10 of the busiest ports in the world with 5G tech and know-how pushing the envelope of what is possible. Qingdao, Yangshan and Ningbo-Zhoushan are all now fully automated.
这并不是中国在物流领域处于领先地位的唯一原因，另一个原因是人工智能和自动化。2017年5月11日，世界上第一个全自动化集装箱港口在青岛开港，只有少数人在那里处理与 IT 相关的问题，其他的一切都由计算机完成。那里使用6个泊位，能够通过激光扫描处理520万个标准箱，效率提高了30%，劳动力成本降低了70%。中国拥有世界上10个最繁忙的港口中的7个，通过使用5G技术和专有技术可以使其达到效率的极限。青岛港、上海洋山港和宁波-舟山港现在都实现了自动化。
这并不是中国在物流领域处于领先地位的唯一原因，另一个原因是人工智能和自动化。2017年5月11日，世界上第一个全自动化集装箱港口在青岛开港，只有少数人在那里处理与 IT 相关的问题，其他的一切都由计算机完成。那里使用6个泊位，能够通过激光扫描处理520万个标准箱，效率提高了30%，劳动力成本降低了70%。中国拥有世界上10个最繁忙的港口中的7个，通过使用5G技术和专有技术可以使其达到效率的极限。青岛港、上海洋山港和宁波-舟山港现在都实现了自动化。
This again doesn’t cover the entirety of our story. Chinese retail companies also use in country tech to accelerate deliveries to people in major cities and elsewhere. In any major city in China you can order food from one of dozens or even hundreds of retailers and get it at your door in under an hour. In some cases you can get it in 30 minutes or so. China uses a complex system of AI, 5G technology, diffused warehouses and myriad overlapping drivers at every level to facilitate the rapid transfer of goods to consumers at breakneck speeds.
这并没有涵盖我们故事的全部。中国的零售公司还利用国内技术来加快向大城市和其他地方的人们的送货速度。在中国的任何一个大城市，你都可以从几十家甚至数百家零售商中选择一家订购食品，并在一小时内送到你的家门口。在某些情况下，你甚至可以在30分钟左右的时间内拿到它。中国使用人工智能、5G技术、分散的仓库和各级无数重叠的驱动程序的复杂系统，以促进消费品以极快的速度转移到消费者的手中。
这并没有涵盖我们故事的全部。中国的零售公司还利用国内技术来加快向大城市和其他地方的人们的送货速度。在中国的任何一个大城市，你都可以从几十家甚至数百家零售商中选择一家订购食品，并在一小时内送到你的家门口。在某些情况下，你甚至可以在30分钟左右的时间内拿到它。中国使用人工智能、5G技术、分散的仓库和各级无数重叠的驱动程序的复杂系统，以促进消费品以极快的速度转移到消费者的手中。
But there are some problems. Even though quick delivery is amazing when you order it the state of the streets is less than desirable sometimes. They need to ride really fast to make their time tables, and they sometimes drive backwards through traffic or break other traffic laws which is dangerous for them and for others.
但这里也存在一些问题。比如尽管当你下单时，交货的速度令人惊叹，但有时街道状况并不理想，送货员需要非常快的骑行速度来跟上时间表，这使得有时他们会在车流中倒车或违反其他交通法规，这对他们和其他人来说都是危险的。
但这里也存在一些问题。比如尽管当你下单时，交货的速度令人惊叹，但有时街道状况并不理想，送货员需要非常快的骑行速度来跟上时间表，这使得有时他们会在车流中倒车或违反其他交通法规，这对他们和其他人来说都是危险的。
We Americans are only used to getting pizza fast. What if we could get everything fast. It is worth looking to a worthy example to find out more. What about you? Do you want full shelves at the grocer? Do you want the port of Los Angeles upgrade their infrastructure? Do you think the US can ever have a fully fledged high speed rail system? Do you want 5G internet speeds? China just might have what you are looking for…
我们美国人只习惯于快速收到披萨，但如果我们能快速得到一切会怎样？值得寻找一个有价值的例子来了解更多信息。你想要杂货店里货架满满吗？你想让洛杉矶港升级他们的基础设施吗？你认为美国能有一个成熟的高速铁路系统吗？你想要5G的网速吗？中国可能有所有你想要的…
我们美国人只习惯于快速收到披萨，但如果我们能快速得到一切会怎样？值得寻找一个有价值的例子来了解更多信息。你想要杂货店里货架满满吗？你想让洛杉矶港升级他们的基础设施吗？你认为美国能有一个成熟的高速铁路系统吗？你想要5G的网速吗？中国可能有所有你想要的…
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Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam
Lawyer，Lives in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
DEMAND
When you create a Demand - The Chinese will move heaven and earth to fulfil the demand.
Its just their Nature
Its why they couldnt win the Opium War. Their Own Citizens had too much demand for Opium and so the Emperor couldnt stop the sales.
In China - everything is Demand Driven
（因为有）需求。
当你创造一个需求时，中国人会想方设法满足这个需求。
这是他们的天性。
这就是他们无法赢得鸦片战争的原因，因为他们自己的公民对鸦片的需求太大了，所以连皇帝也无法阻止鸦片的销售。
在中国，一切都是由需求驱动的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam
Lawyer，Lives in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
DEMAND
When you create a Demand - The Chinese will move heaven and earth to fulfil the demand.
Its just their Nature
Its why they couldnt win the Opium War. Their Own Citizens had too much demand for Opium and so the Emperor couldnt stop the sales.
In China - everything is Demand Driven
（因为有）需求。
当你创造一个需求时，中国人会想方设法满足这个需求。
这是他们的天性。
这就是他们无法赢得鸦片战争的原因，因为他们自己的公民对鸦片的需求太大了，所以连皇帝也无法阻止鸦片的销售。
在中国，一切都是由需求驱动的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Step 1:- China has Cheap Labor
Step 2:- China offers massive Breaks to US Manufacturing
Step 3:- US invests money into China
Step 4:- China needs Laborers from Villages to be trained and put to work. So China needs Roads to connect Villages to the Factory
Step 5:- China starts inviting Singaporean Firms to build Roads and learning , sending Chinese Students to US,UK Colleges to learn Civil Engineering and beginning to invest all their profits and revenues into more and more building of roads
Step 6:- China needs Transportation of Raw Materials. Thus they need Trains , massive network of trains and waterways. So they start again. Inviting Japanese Firms to China, learning from the Japanese, sending students to learn etc.
第一步：中国拥有廉价的劳动力
第二步：中国为美国制造业提供了大规模的突破（Breaks）
第三步：美国向中国投资
第四步：中国需要农村劳动力接受培训并投入工作。因此，中国需要将村庄与工厂连接起来的道路
第五步：中国开始邀请新加坡公司修建道路并从中学习，他们还将中国学生送到美国、英国的大学学习土木工程并开始将他们所有的利润和收入投入到越来越多的道路建设中
第六步：中国需要运输原材料。因此，他们需要火车，庞大的铁路和水路网络。所以他们又开始修建这些，他们还邀请日本企业来华、向日本学习、派遣学生学习等....
Step 2:- China offers massive Breaks to US Manufacturing
Step 3:- US invests money into China
Step 4:- China needs Laborers from Villages to be trained and put to work. So China needs Roads to connect Villages to the Factory
Step 5:- China starts inviting Singaporean Firms to build Roads and learning , sending Chinese Students to US,UK Colleges to learn Civil Engineering and beginning to invest all their profits and revenues into more and more building of roads
Step 6:- China needs Transportation of Raw Materials. Thus they need Trains , massive network of trains and waterways. So they start again. Inviting Japanese Firms to China, learning from the Japanese, sending students to learn etc.
第一步：中国拥有廉价的劳动力
第二步：中国为美国制造业提供了大规模的突破（Breaks）
第三步：美国向中国投资
第四步：中国需要农村劳动力接受培训并投入工作。因此，中国需要将村庄与工厂连接起来的道路
第五步：中国开始邀请新加坡公司修建道路并从中学习，他们还将中国学生送到美国、英国的大学学习土木工程并开始将他们所有的利润和收入投入到越来越多的道路建设中
第六步：中国需要运输原材料。因此，他们需要火车，庞大的铁路和水路网络。所以他们又开始修建这些，他们还邀请日本企业来华、向日本学习、派遣学生学习等....
Everything China has built is Demand Generated
Its why China hasnt yet cracked the 3nm or 4 nm Chip technology yet.
China doesnt have the Demand or Hunger yet.
14 nm is more than enough to do the Job for most applications
Trust me. The Day China have a Demand for High Cutting Edge Latents and Processing Power - they will crack all Chip Manufacture in 2 Years tops.
中国建造的一切都是基于需求的。
这就是为什么中国尚未破解3nm或4nm芯片技术的原因。
因为中国对此没有需求或者还没有产生饥饿感。
对于大多数应用场景来说，14 nm足以满足需求。
相信我，如果哪一天中国对高端芯片和处理能力有了需求，他们将在两年内攻克所有芯片制造难题。
Its why China hasnt yet cracked the 3nm or 4 nm Chip technology yet.
China doesnt have the Demand or Hunger yet.
14 nm is more than enough to do the Job for most applications
Trust me. The Day China have a Demand for High Cutting Edge Latents and Processing Power - they will crack all Chip Manufacture in 2 Years tops.
中国建造的一切都是基于需求的。
这就是为什么中国尚未破解3nm或4nm芯片技术的原因。
因为中国对此没有需求或者还没有产生饥饿感。
对于大多数应用场景来说，14 nm足以满足需求。
相信我，如果哪一天中国对高端芯片和处理能力有了需求，他们将在两年内攻克所有芯片制造难题。
Its why SL, India, Pakistan even US with its insane Infrastructure plan will bungle badly
China developed Infrastructure because it had a Demand for the same
These Countries are developing Infrastructure so that they can get votes on Development platforms (India, SL, Pak)_ or Politically counter China (US/EU)
这就是为什么斯里兰卡、印度、巴基斯坦甚至美国的疯狂的基础设施计划都会搞砸的原因。
中国发展基础设施是因为它有同样的需求。
而这些国家发展基础设施只是为了获得选票（印度、斯里兰卡、巴基斯坦），或在政治上与中国对抗（美国/欧盟）。
China developed Infrastructure because it had a Demand for the same
These Countries are developing Infrastructure so that they can get votes on Development platforms (India, SL, Pak)_ or Politically counter China (US/EU)
这就是为什么斯里兰卡、印度、巴基斯坦甚至美国的疯狂的基础设施计划都会搞砸的原因。
中国发展基础设施是因为它有同样的需求。
而这些国家发展基础设施只是为了获得选票（印度、斯里兰卡、巴基斯坦），或在政治上与中国对抗（美国/欧盟）。
Sravan
Everything China has built is Demand Generated
I guess u have poor understanding of china in this aspect.
In china they create the supply first, and then they create demand for that.
It is exactly the same reason why u see those ghost cities which u may never see in India or US. But most of the ghost cities are built first only to reach full occupancy a decade later.
“在中国，一切都是由需求驱动的。”
我想在这方面你对中国了解还不够。
在中国，他们会首先创造供应，然后再创造需求。
这正是为什么你会看到那些在印度或美国可能从未见过的鬼城的原因，大多数鬼城都是先建好，然后在十年后被填满。
Everything China has built is Demand Generated
I guess u have poor understanding of china in this aspect.
In china they create the supply first, and then they create demand for that.
It is exactly the same reason why u see those ghost cities which u may never see in India or US. But most of the ghost cities are built first only to reach full occupancy a decade later.
“在中国，一切都是由需求驱动的。”
我想在这方面你对中国了解还不够。
在中国，他们会首先创造供应，然后再创造需求。
这正是为什么你会看到那些在印度或美国可能从未见过的鬼城的原因，大多数鬼城都是先建好，然后在十年后被填满。
Without any doubt china has highest proportion of electric two wheelers, when they were first introduced do u think they have demand for that? NO. They just simply made a law to push electric two wheelers, so it is more of a policy driven than a demand driven.
And they even built expressways in tibet where a simple two lane road is more than enough. Is it demand driven? Definetely no.
毫无疑问，中国电动两轮车的比例世界最高，但当他们首次推出时，你认为他们存在需求吗？没有。他们只是制定了一项推动电动两轮车的法律，所以这更像是政策驱动而不是需求驱动。
他们甚至在西藏修建了高速公路，而在那里一条简单的双车道公路就绰绰有余了，这是由需求驱动的吗？绝对不是。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
And they even built expressways in tibet where a simple two lane road is more than enough. Is it demand driven? Definetely no.
毫无疑问，中国电动两轮车的比例世界最高，但当他们首次推出时，你认为他们存在需求吗？没有。他们只是制定了一项推动电动两轮车的法律，所以这更像是政策驱动而不是需求驱动。
他们甚至在西藏修建了高速公路，而在那里一条简单的双车道公路就绰绰有余了，这是由需求驱动的吗？绝对不是。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Snoring Salsa
I think anticipated/planned-demand-spurred-supply would be more fitting.
我认为将其成为“预期/规划-需求-刺激-供应”更合适。
I think anticipated/planned-demand-spurred-supply would be more fitting.
我认为将其成为“预期/规划-需求-刺激-供应”更合适。
Ajay Abraham
The high speed trains are another bubble that is going to burst. There are only 5 routes that are viable rest of them are eating up the funds.
高铁是另一个即将破灭的泡沫，它们只有5条线路是可行的，其余线路都在赔钱。
The high speed trains are another bubble that is going to burst. There are only 5 routes that are viable rest of them are eating up the funds.
高铁是另一个即将破灭的泡沫，它们只有5条线路是可行的，其余线路都在赔钱。
Kevin Chen
I’m not sure what’s your definition of “viable”.
HSR has made much more profits to the Chinese society as whole than its investment, only that such profits are not limited to the railway company.
For example, wherever HSR is built, the price of the land is increased several times, and the local government generated much more revenue from selling those lands to enterprises or property developers. So even though the railway company doesn’t get a share of such profit, the whole society benefited from it.
我不知道你对“可行”的定义是什么。
高铁为整个中国社会带来的利润远高于其投资，只是这些利润并不局限于铁路公司。
例如，无论在何处修建高铁，沿线土地的价格都会提高几倍，而地方政府可以通过向企业或房地产开发商出售这些土地而获得更多的收入。因此，尽管铁路公司没有从中分得一杯羹，但整个社会都从中受益。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I’m not sure what’s your definition of “viable”.
HSR has made much more profits to the Chinese society as whole than its investment, only that such profits are not limited to the railway company.
For example, wherever HSR is built, the price of the land is increased several times, and the local government generated much more revenue from selling those lands to enterprises or property developers. So even though the railway company doesn’t get a share of such profit, the whole society benefited from it.
我不知道你对“可行”的定义是什么。
高铁为整个中国社会带来的利润远高于其投资，只是这些利润并不局限于铁路公司。
例如，无论在何处修建高铁，沿线土地的价格都会提高几倍，而地方政府可以通过向企业或房地产开发商出售这些土地而获得更多的收入。因此，尽管铁路公司没有从中分得一杯羹，但整个社会都从中受益。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Ajay Abraham
The land prices increase where ever such projects are started. That is a fact. But the ROI is something that is not happening in this case. The routes except 5 or 6 are losing money. It is kind of white elephants (govt companies) we have in India.
这些项目一旦启动，沿线的土地的价格就会上涨，这是事实。但在这种情况下，投资回报不会出现，因为除5或6条线路外，其他线路都在亏损。在印度我们称之为“白象工程”（政府公司）。
The land prices increase where ever such projects are started. That is a fact. But the ROI is something that is not happening in this case. The routes except 5 or 6 are losing money. It is kind of white elephants (govt companies) we have in India.
这些项目一旦启动，沿线的土地的价格就会上涨，这是事实。但在这种情况下，投资回报不会出现，因为除5或6条线路外，其他线路都在亏损。在印度我们称之为“白象工程”（政府公司）。
Snoring Salsa
There are only 5 routes that are viable rest of them are eating up the funds.
It is true that only a few of those HSR lines in China are actually profitable.
But this is where the mentality of the Chinese government differs than that of the Western governments.
Instead of running the HSR as private, for-profit companies, China runs them as public infrastructure and service.
“它们只有5条线路是可行的，其余线路都在赔钱”。
诚然，中国的这些高铁线路中只有少数真正盈利。
但这正是中国政府的心态与西方政府不同的地方。
中国不是将高铁作为私营的盈利性公司来运营，而是将其作为公共的基础设施和服务运营。
There are only 5 routes that are viable rest of them are eating up the funds.
It is true that only a few of those HSR lines in China are actually profitable.
But this is where the mentality of the Chinese government differs than that of the Western governments.
Instead of running the HSR as private, for-profit companies, China runs them as public infrastructure and service.
“它们只有5条线路是可行的，其余线路都在赔钱”。
诚然，中国的这些高铁线路中只有少数真正盈利。
但这正是中国政府的心态与西方政府不同的地方。
中国不是将高铁作为私营的盈利性公司来运营，而是将其作为公共的基础设施和服务运营。
This is why the National Rail of UK ran pretty well as a nationalized company, but went to sh1t ever since their privatization, as more of their focus went to making profit.
Please have a read at this Quora answer below:
Lonely Cantonese Sith Lord's answer to How profitable is China's high-speed rail?
这就是为什么英国国家铁路公司作为一家国有化的公司经营得很好，但自从私有化后就变成了一坨屎，因为他们更多的注意力放在了盈利上。
请阅读以下Quora答案：
Lonely Cantonese Sith Lord对中国高铁有多赚钱的回答？（链接）
Please have a read at this Quora answer below:
Lonely Cantonese Sith Lord's answer to How profitable is China's high-speed rail?
这就是为什么英国国家铁路公司作为一家国有化的公司经营得很好，但自从私有化后就变成了一坨屎，因为他们更多的注意力放在了盈利上。
请阅读以下Quora答案：
Lonely Cantonese Sith Lord对中国高铁有多赚钱的回答？（链接）
Aaron Williams
Well they obviously means the government of China will have to continue subsidizing it. Just like they'll subsidize dozens of subway systems. Maybe they'll slow down the pace of construction and cancel new lines. But the current infrastructure isn't gonna disappear or okay abandoned.
好吧，这显然意味着中国将不得不继续补贴它，就像他们将补贴几十个地铁系统一样。也许他们会放慢建设步伐并取消新的线路，但目前的基础设施不会消失或被遗弃。
Well they obviously means the government of China will have to continue subsidizing it. Just like they'll subsidize dozens of subway systems. Maybe they'll slow down the pace of construction and cancel new lines. But the current infrastructure isn't gonna disappear or okay abandoned.
好吧，这显然意味着中国将不得不继续补贴它，就像他们将补贴几十个地铁系统一样。也许他们会放慢建设步伐并取消新的线路，但目前的基础设施不会消失或被遗弃。
Joe Louis
Public transportation is subsidized everywhere. They basically all lose money. High speed rail is part of the interconnectivity that is needed to progress. Is not only being profitable, but to facilitate business as a byproduct. Alot of people just think one way, that's way they never progress. It get stuck with that mentality
每个地方都在对公共交通进行补贴，它们基本上都是亏损的。高铁是发展所需的互联互通的一部分。它的重点不是盈利，而且是作为副产品促进业务的发展。很多人只会往一个方向想，这就是他们永远不会进步的原因，他们被这种心态卡住了。
Public transportation is subsidized everywhere. They basically all lose money. High speed rail is part of the interconnectivity that is needed to progress. Is not only being profitable, but to facilitate business as a byproduct. Alot of people just think one way, that's way they never progress. It get stuck with that mentality
每个地方都在对公共交通进行补贴，它们基本上都是亏损的。高铁是发展所需的互联互通的一部分。它的重点不是盈利，而且是作为副产品促进业务的发展。很多人只会往一个方向想，这就是他们永远不会进步的原因，他们被这种心态卡住了。
Aaron Williams
Hey there's a reason why a lot of the megacities in China are still affordable for the working class. When someone can get anywhere in the city for $1 or multiple areas in the province for up to $14 it really helps bring down the cost of living. That even trickle over to the cost of goods high speed rail and subway's are expensive.
You raise the cost of a subway ride to certain levels it affects those commuters who spend 90 minutes on subways and busses just to the level to piss them off.
嘿，这就是中国的工人阶级仍然负担得起的许多大城市的生活的原因。当一个人花1美元就能到城市的任何地方，或者花14美元就能到省内的多个地区时，这确实有助于降低生活成本。这甚至会影响到商品的成本——因为高铁和地铁都很昂贵。
如果你把乘坐地铁的费用提高到一定程度，这会影响到那些在地铁和公共汽车上花费90分钟的通勤者。
Hey there's a reason why a lot of the megacities in China are still affordable for the working class. When someone can get anywhere in the city for $1 or multiple areas in the province for up to $14 it really helps bring down the cost of living. That even trickle over to the cost of goods high speed rail and subway's are expensive.
You raise the cost of a subway ride to certain levels it affects those commuters who spend 90 minutes on subways and busses just to the level to piss them off.
嘿，这就是中国的工人阶级仍然负担得起的许多大城市的生活的原因。当一个人花1美元就能到城市的任何地方，或者花14美元就能到省内的多个地区时，这确实有助于降低生活成本。这甚至会影响到商品的成本——因为高铁和地铁都很昂贵。
如果你把乘坐地铁的费用提高到一定程度，这会影响到那些在地铁和公共汽车上花费90分钟的通勤者。
PeaceNotWar
It is that high intense energy or drive level that only exists in the blood of Chinese. That hunger and eagerness to see results and taste success. If you are not a Chinese, it is hard for you to understand. Westerners may view it as greed and some may view it as the ‘take it all’ selfish mentality…. Well it is a bit of everything… both good and bad.
Blame it on the century of humiliation and poverty. My late mum used to say it in Teochew that we as kids ate like we were ‘just out of Changi Prison’…. famished. But fear not, with the passing of time, Chinese will be more refined, polished and well-behaved.
这种高强度的能量或驱动力只存在于中国人的血液中，他们渴望看到结果并品尝成功。如果你不是中国人，你很难理解。西方人可能会将其视为贪婪，有些人则认为这是一种“我全都要”的自私心态…好吧，一切有点复杂…无论好的和坏的。
你可以把它归咎于百年国耻和贫困。我已故的妈妈过去常常用潮州说我们小时候吃饭就像“刚从樟宜监狱里出来”…但不用担心，随着时间的推移，中国人会变得更加精致、文雅和举止得体。
It is that high intense energy or drive level that only exists in the blood of Chinese. That hunger and eagerness to see results and taste success. If you are not a Chinese, it is hard for you to understand. Westerners may view it as greed and some may view it as the ‘take it all’ selfish mentality…. Well it is a bit of everything… both good and bad.
Blame it on the century of humiliation and poverty. My late mum used to say it in Teochew that we as kids ate like we were ‘just out of Changi Prison’…. famished. But fear not, with the passing of time, Chinese will be more refined, polished and well-behaved.
这种高强度的能量或驱动力只存在于中国人的血液中，他们渴望看到结果并品尝成功。如果你不是中国人，你很难理解。西方人可能会将其视为贪婪，有些人则认为这是一种“我全都要”的自私心态…好吧，一切有点复杂…无论好的和坏的。
你可以把它归咎于百年国耻和贫困。我已故的妈妈过去常常用潮州说我们小时候吃饭就像“刚从樟宜监狱里出来”…但不用担心，随着时间的推移，中国人会变得更加精致、文雅和举止得体。
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