伊隆·马斯克为何对中国如此友好?
2023-12-12 bugunatai 12255
正文翻译
Why is Elon Musk so friendly to China?
I want to tell you a story.
The name of this story is 《Oh my God, it's too difficult to build a Tesla factory in Germany.》
In 2017, Tesla Model 3 was mass-produced, ending the era of Tesla's crazy money-burning and non-profitability.

伊隆·马斯克为何对中国如此友好?
我想给你讲一个故事。
这个故事的名字是《天哪,在德国建特斯拉工厂太难了。》
2017年,特斯拉Model 3量产,结束了特斯拉疯狂烧钱、不盈利的时代。


In the following two years, huge production pressure has been plagued Tesla.
If the production capacity is not increased, the profit will not be increased.
Because it burned too much money when doing research and development in the past, Tesla's debt interest was an astronomical figure every day.
If the profit cannot cover the interest, then Tesla will be in a state of continuous loss.
So the wonders in human history appeared.

此后两年,巨大的生产压力一直困扰着特斯拉。
如果产能不增加,利润就不会增加。
由于过去做研发时烧钱太多,特斯拉每天的债务利息都是天文数字。
如果利润无法覆盖利息,那么特斯拉将处于持续亏损的状态。
于是人类历史上的奇迹出现了。

On the one hand, product supply is in short supply, on the other hand, Tesla’s capital chain is on the verge of collapse and may fall into a debt crisis at any time.
As long as the production capacity can be increased, all problems will be solved, but the production capacity cannot be increased.

一方面产品供应紧缺,另一方面特斯拉资金链濒临崩溃,随时可能陷入债务危机。
只要产能能提高,一切问题都迎刃而解,但产能不能提高。


In 2018, Musk came to China and tried to use China's speed to build a super factory to expand production capacity for Tesla.
In just three months, Musk had reached an agreement with Shanghai.
Shanghai provided Tesla with a huge piece of land at a price of 10% for the construction of a factory, and at the same time provided 18.5 billion yuan in loans for Tesla, which is in short supply, with an annualized interest rate as low as 3.9%.
These two conditions are equivalent to sending money to Tesla, but Shanghai is not losing money.
Because Musk promised in the agreement that starting from 2023, Tesla's Shanghai Gigafactory will pay no less than RMB 2.23 billion in taxes to China every year, otherwise Tesla will return the land.

2018年,马斯克来到中国,试图用中国速度建设超级工厂,为特斯拉扩大产能。
仅仅三个月的时间,马斯克就与上海政府达成协议。
上海以10%的价格向特斯拉提供巨额土地用于建设工厂,同时为特斯拉提供利率低至3.9%的185亿元贷款。
这两个条件就相当于给特斯拉送钱了,但上海并没有赔钱。
因为马斯克在协议中承诺,从2023年开始,特斯拉上海超级工厂每年向中国缴纳不少于22.3亿元人民币的税款,否则特斯拉将归还土地。

After signing the agreement, Musk learned what China speed is.
In October 2018, the agreement was officially signed.
In December 2018, all land has been leveled and all construction units have entered the site.
In January 2019, Tesla's Shanghai Factory officially started construction.
In November 2019, the Tesla Shanghai Factory was completed and all equipment was installed in place.
One month after commissioning, the assembly line was officially launched, and the entire factory began to run wildly.

协议签署后,马斯克明白了什么是中国速度。
2018年10月,协议正式签署。
2018年12月,土地已全部平整,所有施工单位已进场。
2019年1月,特斯拉上海工厂正式开工建设。
2019年11月,特斯拉上海工厂竣工,所有设备安装到位。
调试一个月后,装配线正式启动,整个工厂开始疯狂运转。

From the signing of the agreement to the completion of the factory, it took only one year, of which the construction period was only 10 months, far less than the 2-year construction period planned by Musk.
This is simply a miracle.
Since the sale of the first car at Tesla's Shanghai factory, Tesla's profits have exceeded interest expenses, and Tesla no longer has the pressure to break the capital chain.
To celebrate this historic moment, Musk even danced happily in public.

从协议签署到工厂竣工,仅用了一年时间,其中建设工期仅10个月,远低于马斯克计划的2年建设工期。
这简直就是一个奇迹。
自从特斯拉上海工厂销售第一辆汽车以来,特斯拉的利润已经超过利息支出,特斯拉不再有资金链断裂的压力。
为了庆祝这一历史性时刻,马斯克甚至在公共场合欢快地跳舞。

The Chinese factory is the first overseas super factory set up by Tesla, and it helped Musk solve a huge problem.
After a person tastes the sweetness, the first reaction is of course to copy his own past success

中国工厂是特斯拉在海外设立的第一家超级工厂,它帮助马斯克解决了一个巨大的问题。
一个人尝到甜头后,第一反应当然是复制自己过去的成功。

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Therefore, Musk decided to build a second overseas super factory.
This time, he chose Germany, the center of European automobile manufacturing.
Then, he was slapped in the face severely.
In November 2019, the month when Tesla's Shanghai factory was fully completed, Musk announced that it would build a super factory in Germany.
The site is located in Grunheide in Brandenburg, eastern Germany, only 24 miles from Berlin.

因此,马斯克决定在海外建设第二座超级工厂。
这次,他选择了欧洲汽车制造中心德国。
然后,他的脸上就被狠狠地打了一巴掌。
2019年11月,也就是特斯拉上海工厂全面竣工的当月,马斯克宣布将在德国建设超级工厂。
该厂址位于德国东部勃兰登堡州格伦海德,距柏林仅 24 英里。

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The government officials of Brandenburg welcome Tesla very much, because it will bring huge taxes and tens of thousands of job opportunities to the local area.
It can also bring hundreds of thousands of related jobs through the industry chain.
The benefits are too much. So they sold a 300 hectare plot of land to Tesla.

勃兰登堡州政府官员非常欢迎特斯拉,因为它将给当地带来巨额税收和数万个就业机会。
它还可以通过产业链带来数十万个相关就业岗位。
好处太多了。于是他们把一块300公顷的土地卖给了特斯拉。

China built the Tesla Gigafactory in just 10 months?
Brandenburg State Minister of Economic Affairs Jörg Steinbach said:
"The Tesla team here is determined to beat the team in China, in a few weeks."
It seems that everything is developing in a better direction.

中国仅用10个月建成特斯拉超级工厂?
勃兰登堡州经济事务部长 Jörg Steinbach 表示:
“这里的特斯拉团队决心在几周内击败中国的团队。”
似乎一切都在朝着更好的方向发展。

As a result, Musk did not expect that this was the beginning of a nightmare.
The land that Tesla took was ordinary, but it was not abandoned, and some artificial economic forests were planted on it.

结果,马斯克没想到,这是噩梦的开始。
特斯拉占用的土地很普通,但并没有废弃,上面还种植了一些人工经济林。

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After acquiring the land, first level the ground, that is, cut down these economic forests, and then cause trouble.
Environmentalists immediately came out to protest and took Tesla to court, saying that these trees cannot be cut down.

拿到土地后,先平整地面,也就是砍伐这些经济林,然后再闹事。
环保人士立即出来抗议,并将特斯拉告上法庭,称这些树不能砍。

The man-made economic forest is also forest.
How could Tesla cut it casually? This is a serious damage to the local ecological environment.

人造经济林也是森林。
特斯拉怎么可能随便砍呢?这对当地生态环境造成了严重破坏。

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After repeated negotiations, Tesla promised to replant more than three times the economic forest in other places, and finally settled the matter.
Then can the land be leveled?
Of course not.

经过反复协商,特斯拉承诺在其他地方重新种植三倍以上的经济林,最终解决了此事。
那么土地能平整吗?
当然不是。

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Environmentalists also found that the Tesla Gigafactory consumes about 3.6 million cubic meters of water each year, which accounts for 30% of the local water supply.
Therefore, environmentalists say that the establishment of the Tesla factory will seriously consume the local water reserves.
And held a protest demonstration on January 18.

环保人士还发现,特斯拉超级工厂每年消耗约360万立方米水,占当地供水量的30%。
因此,环保人士表示,特斯拉工厂的建立将严重消耗当地的水资源储备。
并于1月18日举行抗议示威。

It seems that Tesla uses a lot of water, but there are actually only 8,700 residents in the area, and the Tesla factory alone has 12,000 employees in production.
Using 30% of the water does not seem excessive.
Not to mention that this is production water, not domestic water.

看似特斯拉用水量很大,但实际上该地区只有8700名居民,仅特斯拉工厂就有12000名员工在生产。
使用30%的水似乎并不过分。
更何况这是生产用水,不是生活用水。

On the contrary, those 8,700 residents want 70% of the water, which I personally think is a bit too much.
But it doesn't make sense, because the topic of water resources is regarded by some local political parties as an excellent opportunity to get the attention and votes, and they don't care whether Tesla is dead or not.

相反,那8700名居民想要70%的水,我个人认为这有点太多了。
但这没有意义,因为水资源话题被当地一些政党视为获得关注和选票的绝佳机会,而他们并不在乎特斯拉是否死了。

Christian Rechholz, chairman of the German Eco-Democratic Party, delivered a speech in various media, claiming that he was very disappointed with the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology:
"This confirms our biggest worry. Now there are even more land that will be poured with concrete without submitting an application. Tesla is trying to realize its own interests at the expense of European taxpayers. The protection of water, people, and nature is slowly disappearing like the rule of law!” “How can Peter Altmaier (the current German Minister of Economy) ignore the concerns of Brandenburg citizens about drinking water and nature reserves and let this family American companies have once again "temporarily started construction" at their own risk? We should not forget that their electric car factory has not yet obtained the final construction permit." "With the addition of the world's largest battery factory, Brandon Fort and Berlin will eventually become dry land. You cannot simply sacrifice our precious drinking water for profit. This huge fanaticism is threatening people and nature."

德国生态民主党主席克里斯蒂安·雷赫霍尔茨在多家媒体发表讲话,声称对德国联邦经济技术部非常失望:
“这证实了我们最大的担忧。现在有更多的土地在没有提交申请的情况下就浇筑混凝土。特斯拉试图以牺牲欧洲纳税人的利益为代价来实现自己的利益。对水、人类和自然的保护正在慢慢发生。”就像法治一样消失了!” “彼得·阿尔特迈尔(现任德国经济部长)怎么能无视勃兰登堡市民对饮用水和自然保护区的担忧,让这家美国企业自担风险再次“临时开工”?我们不应该忘记,他们电动汽车工厂尚未获得最终的建设许可证。” “随着世界上最大的电池工厂的加入,布兰登堡和柏林最终将变成旱地。你不能简单地牺牲我们宝贵的饮用水来换取利益。这种巨大的狂热正在威胁着人类和自然。”

In short, some ordinary German citizens who have not even graduated from high school think that the chairman of the German Ecological Democratic Party is a good person, and sincerely considers the future of Germany, he must be voted for next time.
As a result, the voice of anti-Tesla became louder.

总之,一些连高中都没毕业的普通德国公民都认为德国生态民主党主席是个好人,真诚地考虑德国的未来,下次一定要投票给他。
由此,反对特斯拉的声音越来越大。

What to do?
After repeated negotiations, Tesla promised to reduce its water consumption.
Can you start work then?
Of course it still can't.

该怎么办?
经过反复协商,特斯拉承诺减少用水量。
那你可以开始工作吗?
当然还是不行。

Environmentalists also claimed that the woods cut down by Tesla is a habitat for bats.
January 2020 is the hibernation season for them.
They should not be disturbed, otherwise they will die in large numbers. After the hibernation is over, the bats will enter the mating season, and then breed babies, so it can't be disturbed. You need to wait for the bat babies to grow up before cutting down the woods to give them time to move.

环保人士还声称,特斯拉砍伐的树林是蝙蝠的栖息地。
2020年1月是它们的冬眠季节。
不应该打扰它们,否则它们会大量死亡。冬眠结束后,蝙蝠就会进入交配季节,然后繁殖幼崽,所以不能受到打扰。你需要等待蝙蝠宝宝长大后再砍伐树林,让它们有时间移动。

原创翻译:龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


There is no way to negotiate this, and Tesla will blamed as a cold-blooded butcher in everything it says.
Therefore, Tesla urgently hired the German environmental protection agency to conduct a species survey on the entire forest area.
The investigation report showed that there were only 2 bats in the entire forest area.

这是没有办法协商的,特斯拉所说的一切都会被指责为冷血屠夫。
因此,特斯拉紧急聘请德国环保局对整个森林地区进行物种调查。
调查报告显示,整个林区只有2只蝙蝠。

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Therefore, Tesla claims that the construction of the factory will not cause any particularly serious impact.
On February 13, 2020, Tesla felt that he had done everything, and started logging wood and preparing to build a factory.
Then, environmentalists found in the species survey list that there are wolves, lizards, and even ants in this area, all of which must be protected.

因此,特斯拉声称工厂的建设不会造成任何特别严重的影响。
2020年2月13日,特斯拉觉得自己已经做好了一切,开始伐木准备建工厂。
然后,环保人士在物种调查清单中发现,这个地区有狼、蜥蜴,甚至蚂蚁,都必须受到保护。

Yes, Tesla must properly relocate the ant colony in this woods as required.
In short, environmentalists will never allow Tesla to completely clean up this forest, but after repeated negotiations and efforts, first level a small part of the land, and leave the rest to be negotiated later.

是的,特斯拉必须按照要求妥善安置这片树林中的蚁群。
总之,环保人士绝对不会允许特斯拉彻底清理这片森林,而是经过反复协商和努力,先平整一小部分土地,剩下的留待以后再协商。

In April 2020, the first small piece of land was finally leveled.
The Tesla German team, which claimed to surpass the Chinese team, took a full 5 months to complete the land leveling step and leveled only part of the land. Dear, can we start?
Of course it is still not possible, because Tesla has to wait for construction permits.

2020年4月,第一小块土地终于平整。
号称超越中国队的特斯拉德国队,用了整整5个月的时间才完成了土地平整步骤,并且只平整了部分土地。亲爱的,我们可以开始了吗?
当然还是不可能,因为特斯拉还要等待施工许可。

The Tesla German team expects to obtain the construction permit in 7 months, and they will do their best to achieve this goal.
The reason why we have to wait so long is because the establishment of the Tesla factory is a political achievement for some government officials, but it is a source of trouble for some government officials. No one wants to get in trouble for Tesla.
For example, the Brandenburg State Department of Agriculture requires Tesla to use a special material during construction to protect groundwater sources.

特斯拉德国团队预计在7个月内获得施工许可,他们将竭尽全力实现这一目标。
之所以要等这么久,是因为特斯拉工厂的建立对于一些政府官员来说是政治成就,但对于一些政府官员来说却是麻烦之源。没有人愿意给特斯拉惹麻烦。
例如,勃兰登堡州农业部要求特斯拉在施工过程中使用特殊材料,以保护地下水源。

Regarding the issue of groundwater protection, it took Tesla a month and a half to obtain the construction permit.
For example, the German environmental protection department believes that the vibration of the pile driver may affect the surrounding railways during the construction of the Tesla factory.
Therefore, Tesla must provide a safe construction plan and submit it for review.
This item took another month. There are also various construction permit approvals, and Tesla needs to meet the requirements of various government departments.

关于地下水保护问题,特斯拉花了一个半月的时间才拿到施工许可证。
例如,德国环保部门认为,特斯拉工厂建设过程中打桩机的振动可能会影响周边铁路。
因此,特斯拉必须提供安全施工方案并提交审核。
这个项目又花了一个月的时间。还有各种施工许可审批,特斯拉需要满足各个政府部门的要求。

In short, by November 2020, Tesla, which took 7 months to go through the formalities, still has not obtained all the construction permits, and was forced to postpone the start date.
On December 7, 2020, when the remaining construction permits had not yet been obtained, environmentalists again found a hibernating snake underground in Tesla's woodland. . .

总之,到2020年11月,耗时7个月办理手续的特斯拉仍未获得全部施工许可,被迫推迟开工日期。
2020年12月7日,在剩余的施工许可证尚未获得时,环保人士再次在特斯拉的林地地下发现了一条冬眠的蛇。。。

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Oh my god, it's pretty good.
How can I interfere with Master Snake's hibernation in order to build a broken factory?
You have to wait for the end of Snake's hibernation to start work.
On December 8, 2020, the environmental protection organization received an emergency construction prohibition order from the court. . .
As a result, Tesla's dream of building a factory shattered again, although it was still a blank place as of December.

天啊,这真是太好了。
怎样才能干扰蛇大人的冬眠,才能建造一座破烂的工厂呢?
你必须等待蛇的冬眠结束才能开始工作。
2020年12月8日,环保组织收到法院紧急禁止施工令。。。
结果,特斯拉建厂的梦想再次破灭,尽管截至12月仍是一片空白。

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On February 21, 2021, Lord Snake finally woke up.
The head of Tesla's German team was almost crying with excitement, so he ordered logging as soon as possible.
but. . .

2021年2月21日,蛇大人终于醒了。
特斯拉德国团队负责人激动得几乎要哭了,于是他下令尽快伐木。
但。。。

In April 2021, the Water Authority discovered that some of Tesla's water pipes had been installed without permission, and ordered Tesla to suspend work for rectification.
In May 2021, the German regulatory agency found that the construction permit for the 4680 battery production line at the Tesla factory lacked a so-called permit that can be used as a power battery, and ordered Tesla to apply for a special permit.
In June 2021, the environmental protection organization protested and suspected that Tesla could not control the toxic gas generated during construction. The environmental protection department asked Tesla to explain this and stop work for rectification.
In July 2021, someone found some so-called chemical cans that were exposed at the Tesla construction site. This thing was not on the application documents and had not been approved by the government. So work was suspended, fined, and rectification ordered.
The reason why it is so easy to stop Tesla’s work is because Tesla has not obtained a complete construction permit until today, and various approvals have not been completed.

2021年4月,水务局发现特斯拉部分水管未经许可安装,责令特斯拉停工整顿。
2021年5月,德国监管机构发现特斯拉工厂4680电池生产线的建设许可证缺乏所谓可用作动力电池的许可证,并责令特斯拉申请特别许可证。
2021年6月,环保组织提出抗议,怀疑特斯拉无法控制施工过程中产生的有毒气体。环保部门要求特斯拉对此作出解释并停工整改。
2021年7月,有人在特斯拉工地发现了一些暴露的所谓化学罐。这个东西没有在申请文件上,也没有得到政府的批准。于是被停工、罚款、责令整改。
之所以这么容易叫停特斯拉的工作,是因为特斯拉直到今天才获得完整的施工许可证,各种审批都没有完成。

The Tesla German team has only obtained temporary construction permits for many activities.
Therefore, any government department can stop the construction progress of the Tesla Gigafactory.
In July of this year, Musk had set the latest completion date for the factory. (And just to apply for an environmental protection permit, the thickness of the information reaches as much as 11,000 pages.)

特斯拉德国团队仅获得了许多活动的临时施工许可。
因此,任何政府部门都可以阻止特斯拉超级工厂的建设进度。
今年7月,马斯克确定了工厂最晚的竣工日期。(而仅申请环保许可证,信息厚度就达11000页之多。)

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As a result, Tesla's German factory was still seriously delayed.
From the beginning of land acquisition in November 2019, to July 2021, a total of 20 months have passed.
Not to mention the completion, Tesla has not yet obtained the official construction permit from the German government!
Tesla sneakily engaged in a small project, and barely covered the building shell, but the inside was completely empty.

结果,特斯拉德国工厂仍然严重延误。
从2019年11月开始征地,到2021年7月,一共过去了20个月。
别说竣工,特斯拉还没有获得德国政府的正式施工许可!
特斯拉偷偷搞了个小工程,勉强盖起了建筑外壳,但里面却空空如也。

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It is really too difficult to build a Tesla factory in Germany.

在德国建特斯拉工厂实在是太难了。

评论翻译
特斯拉上海工厂让马斯克爱上中国,德国工厂让特斯拉无语凝噎


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