苹果数十亿美元协议推动了美国芯片制造
正文翻译
Apple is beginning to bring its semiconductor manufacturing supply chain back to the United States. Nearly all of the most advanced chips are made in Taiwan, which China has threatened to annex. Concentrating chip supplies on an island that could be invaded, or face steep U.S. tariffs from Trump, is a big risk to Apple’s business.
To find out how far the company still has to go, WSJ reporter Rolfe Winkler visited several of the company’s suppliers including TSMC, ASML and Foxconn in the Southwest.
苹果公司正在将其半导体制造供应链逐步带回美国。几乎所有最先进的芯片都在台湾（地区）生产，而中国已WEIxiE要TUN并台湾（地区）。将芯片供应集中在一个可能遭到入Qin的岛屿上，或者面临特朗普政府的高额关税，这对苹果的业务来说是一个巨大的风险。
为了了解公司还需要多远才能实现这一目标，《华尔街日报》记者Rolfe Winkler访问了公司的一些供应商，包括台积电、ASML和富士康，地点位于美国西南部。
Apple is beginning to bring its semiconductor manufacturing supply chain back to the United States. Nearly all of the most advanced chips are made in Taiwan, which China has threatened to annex. Concentrating chip supplies on an island that could be invaded, or face steep U.S. tariffs from Trump, is a big risk to Apple’s business.
To find out how far the company still has to go, WSJ reporter Rolfe Winkler visited several of the company’s suppliers including TSMC, ASML and Foxconn in the Southwest.
苹果公司正在将其半导体制造供应链逐步带回美国。几乎所有最先进的芯片都在台湾（地区）生产，而中国已WEIxiE要TUN并台湾（地区）。将芯片供应集中在一个可能遭到入Qin的岛屿上，或者面临特朗普政府的高额关税，这对苹果的业务来说是一个巨大的风险。
为了了解公司还需要多远才能实现这一目标，《华尔街日报》记者Rolfe Winkler访问了公司的一些供应商，包括台积电、ASML和富士康，地点位于美国西南部。
评论翻译
@appleblows1
Apple is pushing now since it is no longer the largest customer of TSMC. Nvidia is now getting the first dibs on all of TSMC's wafers.
苹果现在在施压，因为它不再是台积电最大的客户。Nvidia现在优先获得所有台积电的晶圆。
@nnmdioxyde
I wonder if the new factory would have the safety nets out side of windows as they do in Asia.
我想知道新工厂是否会像亚洲那样在窗户外面安装安全网。
@RAZ423
I worked at a semiconductor fab run by a Korean company in Oregon during the 90's. It did not work out well. There was a huge cultural gulf between the Asians and the Americans and it is the cultural differences that make the Asians better at the kind of work involved in semiconductor manufacturing. Watching the TSMC saga play out in Phoenix is Déjà vu, almost comically so.
我在90年代曾在一家韩国公司运营的半导体厂工作过，结果并不理想。亚洲人和美国人之间存在巨大的文化差异，而这种文化差异使得亚洲人在半导体制造方面的工作表现更好。观看台积电在凤凰城的故事上演，让我有种似曾相识的感觉，几乎是喜剧般的。
@melih-
We are seeing a time when the risk of dependence on overseas production outweighs the cost difference of building and operating local facilities.
我们正处在一个依赖海外生产的风险超过建设和运营本地设施成本差异的时代。
@radeksparowski7174
they would have to import people to work in the factories as americans have barely the background to do the groundkeepers work
他们必须引进工人来工厂工作，因为美国人几乎没有背景来做这些基础工作。
@electricaltimelapsetest5713
At least alot of construction workers are getting work. Those tilt-up buildings used to be my company's bread and butter.
至少很多建筑工人找到了工作。这些倾斜建筑曾是我们公司的主要业务。
@stevevlahos1
We need to abandon the mentality that we must have the greatest profits, and focus on what’s best for the country. Covid shown that making everything overseas was a very bad thing and leaves you vulnerable. Partnerships are key.
我们需要摒弃追求最大利润的心态，专注于对国家最有利的事情。新冠疫情表明，将所有生产都外包到海外是非常糟糕的事情，这会让你变得脆弱。合作伙伴关系至关重要。
@Master_Paladin
I don't think Americans know how sweatshop like chip manufacturing is, TSMC has face significant problems with conflicting work ethic in Arizona, it's long hours, high stress and you work shifts with close to no flexibility for negotiation
我认为美国人并不知道芯片制造有多像血汗工厂，台积电在亚利桑那州面临着严重的工作伦理冲突问题，工时长、压力大，工作班次几乎没有谈判灵活性。
@robertyoung2661
The US is now supposed to have a future of making Tshirts, assembling cars, and printing computer chips. Manual labor that can be done in Thailand also. Inevitably, US wages will have to move to Thailand levels then.
现在美国似乎的未来是做T恤、组装汽车和打印计算机芯片。这些体力劳动也可以在泰国完成。不可避免地，美国的工资水平将不得不降到泰国水平。
@slamman9887
Not one mention of Fluorite, acid grade flurospar, without it, Apple cannot make anything they just showed.
没有提到氟矿石、酸级氟石，没有它，苹果就无法制造他们刚展示的任何东西。
@Ayo22210
Apple has got to try and build an AI agent for MacOS, and it can do tasks for us on the computer.
苹果必须尝试为MacOS开发一个AI助手，它可以为我们在电脑上执行任务。
@bmwfraulein1538
Why in the world are we making this information available to our enemies? There are some things that should be kept behind a curtain. This is one of them.
我们为什么要把这些信息提供给我们的敌人？有些事情应该保密，这是其中之一。
@TundishSkul
It is very inaccurate to state that the majority of these chips have been made overseas for decades. It’s been a much more fairly recent thing.
说这些芯片大多数已经在海外生产了几十年是不准确的。其实这只是最近才成为常态。
@sanpoisson1934
A percentage of any critical commodity for any country should be manufactured in that country and positioned to scale up when needed if most is offshore regardless of cost due to its national needs and risks. No one should be held hostage either geopolitically or environmentally.
任何国家的关键商品的百分比应该在该国生产，并且在需要时能够扩大规模。如果大部分生产都在海外，不论成本如何，出于国家需要和风险的考虑，都应该在国内有一定比例的生产。无论是地缘政治还是环境问题，没人应该被当作人质。
@jose4167-i9v
we'll see if it actually happens. too often company runs out and parades good laurels that haven't yet happened to buy credit, bump stock price, or goodwill. only to not follow through.
我们看看这是否真的会发生。公司太多时候展示尚未实现的好成果，以此来买取信用、提高股价或建立好意，却最终没有兑现。
@MrFACTS-mk1ib
I know we haven't seen anything related to Apple Manufacturing before, but this seems pushed by apple a bit that they are really investing in the US so trump doesn't impose another layer of tarrifs and tanks the company's profits
我知道我们之前没看到过关于苹果制造的任何信息，但这看起来有点像苹果在推动自己，表示他们真的在美国投资，以免特朗普再加征关税，摧毁公司的利润。
@davidwelty9763
The Apple and Foxconn guys never gave a straight answer on anything related to how much production is coming to the US
苹果和富士康的人从来没有给出关于生产多少会转移到美国的直接答案。
@SuccessMindset2180
Apple still needs to handle memory chip shortages and making a memory manufacturing deal with Samsung seems to be the only realistic solution
苹果仍然需要解决内存芯片的短缺问题，而与三星达成内存生产合作似乎是唯一现实的解决方案。
@abercrombie4lyfe
The engineering behind that ASML machine is insane and took over 20 years to make it affordable enough for commercial production. It's simply a marvel of technology.
那个ASML机器背后的工程真是疯狂，花了超过20年才让它足够经济，能够进行商业生产。简直是科技的奇迹。
@ThompsonClint
Sounds like we need to also recreate the machines that make the wafers locally as well. This should have all been done back when Steve Jobs was still alive.
听起来我们还需要在本地重新制造这些生产晶圆的机器。其实这一切应该在史蒂夫·乔布斯还活着的时候就做完了
@hbwi73jnctrwoo7r
When did apple start making chips? They always order them from TSMC. If they wanted they could place an order of Intel chips, which are US made.
苹果什么时候开始生产芯片的？他们一直都是从台积电订购的。如果他们想要的话，可以下单订购英特尔的芯片，那是美国生产的。
@aldine_KSP
we need more jobs like this onshored. This is the type of high end manufacturing we can use to create meaningful jobs and meaningful pay. Its not white collar but its a respectable and well paying job.
我们需要将更多这样的工作带回国内。这是我们可以用来创造有意义的工作和收入的高端制造业。这不是白领工作，但它是一个值得尊敬且薪水不错的工作。
@jnoahentertainment
The Netherlands makes the best machines in the world, so why doesn’t the Netherlands just make the chips itself?
荷兰生产世界上最好的机器，那么为什么荷兰自己不生产这些芯片呢？
@desepticon4
This is interesting but fabrication is only half the equation. What apple needs is a ready to go logistics and labor system that can spin up for the newest production in a matter of weeks. That already exists in Asia and I’m not sure if it’s even possible replicate here.
这很有趣，但芯片制造只是问题的一半。苹果需要的是一个现成的物流和劳动力系统，能够在几周内迅速启动最新的生产。这在亚洲已经存在，我不确定在这里是否有可能复制。
@rjackstheartofwealth6152
This is stupid nobody other than TSMC can make the sub four nanometer chips it's just not possible anybody talking about this is being purposefully deceptive
这太愚蠢了，除了台积电，没人能生产四纳米以下的芯片，这根本不可能。任何谈论这个的人都是故意误导。
@Curfingil
If the most current generation of chips were ever produced in a facility on U.S. soil, Taiwan would lose its largest bargaining chip when it comes to defense alliances regarding China.
如果最新一代芯片曾经在美国境内的工厂生产，台湾（地区）在涉及中国的防务联盟方面将失去最大的谈判筹码。
@kelliemcnulty5792
It seems a good habit, when handling something so valuable and pristine that warranted wearing gloves to not mar it, to hand delicate items back to their owner and not put it back on the shelf oneself.
处理如此珍贵和完美无瑕的物品时，戴上手套以免弄脏是一个好习惯，应该将这些精细的物品交还给其所有者，而不是自己把它放回架子上。
@DanielVazquez
Just by looking who works inside these American facilities there is no doubt why new US grads and domestic talent have a hard time landing jobs both software and hardware tech companies. Look at what happened at a Hyundai plant in Georgia, they promised to generate jobs for Americans, but even after years they kept importing workers from abroad.
单看这些美国工厂里的员工，毫无疑问，为什么新毕业的美国大学生和国内人才在软件和硬件科技公司找工作这么难。看看乔治亚州现代汽车厂发生了什么，他们曾承诺为美国人创造就业机会，但即使多年过去了，他们仍然不断从国外引进工人。
@drew90
I would be proud to have the opportunity to build or even own an iPhone that was created and assembled in the US. I hope to see it in the future one day.
如果有机会打造甚至拥有一部在美国制造和组装的iPhone，我会感到非常自豪。希望未来某一天能看到这一幕。
@theSUBVERSIVE
the us stopped reinvesting in innovation long ago the catch up won't be enough because the culture is about maximizing investor's money, paying big sums of bonus to ceos instead of being on top of innovation
美国早就停止了对创新的再投资，追赶的步伐不够，因为文化是为了最大化投资者的利益，把大笔奖金给CEO，而不是站在创新的前沿。
@ullabastory
The American currency is too strong if it wants to compete in the industry, product prices will be expensive for users around the world unless America does not strengthen its currency.
如果美国想在工业上竞争，货币太强势了，产品价格对全球用户来说会变得昂贵，除非美国不再加强其货币。
@slydog55
Please remember that Apple decided to have their chip production in Taiwan for cost issue. Maybe they should have never left the US to start with but the bottom line was more important to them than national security apparently.
请记住，苹果选择在台湾（地区）生产芯片是出于成本考虑。也许他们根本就不应该离开美国，但显然对他们来说，底线比国家安全更重要。
@milk_chemistry
The reason why Intel stopped making them in the US is because it's not affordable for people, Intel can't compete with amd while paying US wages and most likely apple won't be able to either
英特尔之所以停止在美国生产芯片，是因为这对人们来说负担不起，英特尔无法在支付美国工资的情况下与AMD竞争，而苹果很可能也做不到这一点。
@johnlucas6683
It's one thing if the US can make them locally, but the cost will be a whole other thing, and will be the ultimate factor if this will even push through.
如果美国能够在本地生产芯片，那是一回事，但成本将是另一个问题，这将是是否能推进的最终因素。
@darkpondz
I’m surprised China hasn’t invaded already even just a war of attrition, it would cripple America and the world with the chip maker under siege. Let’s not forget it would pop the Ai bubble causing insane economic effects in the process
我很惊讶中国还没有入侵，即使只是消耗战，这将使美国和世界陷入困境，因为芯片制造商会受到围攻。别忘了，这会导致AI泡沫破裂，从而造成疯狂的经济影响。
@DeEmperor1
If not for capitalism and corporate greed, several US companies can afford to join forces, set up a chip manufacturing company and work together on that goal. This nonsense they are trying to do won't work for reasons they already know. TSMC isn't having it easy trying to setup manufacturing in America. Neither is Samsung. Does reasons won't disappear overnight. Plus cost factor is another thing. Devices will go up in price if chips are being manufactured in US. How does that help with competitions from China? But if companies join hands, they may figure out better ways to make it work.
如果不是因为资本主义和企业贪婪，几家美国公司本可以联合起来，成立一家芯片制造公司，并共同努力实现这个目标。他们正在尝试的这些无稽之谈不会奏效，原因他们自己已经知道。台积电在美国设立制造厂并不容易，三星也是如此。这些原因不会在一夜之间消失。此外，成本因素也是一个问题。如果芯片在美国制造，设备的价格将会上涨。这如何帮助与中国的竞争？但如果公司团结合作，他们或许能找到更好的解决办法。
@Pro2997
Apple cares about cutting costs more than anyone. That factory in the video doesn’t even look fully set up yet but honestly feels more like a test or showpiece production site. Wouldn’t be surprised if they’re just waiting for the right time to move things back to China.
苹果比任何人都更关注削减成本。视频中的那个工厂看起来甚至还没有完全建立起来，但老实说，更像是一个测试或者展示用的生产基地。如果他们只是等着合适的时机将生产搬回中国，我不会感到惊讶。
@maemilev
The next iphone will be quality products. Not those junk ones from China that auto shutdown when detected cold or hot environments.
下一个iPhone将是高质量的产品。不是那些来自中国的LAJI产品，遇到冷热环境就自动关机。
@MorganFleurDeLys
There are entire other videos that explain the logistics of iPhone production, and specifically the worker component. It’s not possible to assemble them here.
有其他完整的视频解释了iPhone生产的物流，特别是工人部分。在这里组装是不可能的。
@pimaxuma
US chip manufacturing cannot match Asia, simply because if every iPhone component was made in the US, then iPhone prices would soar higher. If only the super wealthy get to buy those pricey iPhones, then Samsung and xiaomi's affordable smartphones could take market share away from Apple.
美国的芯片制造无法与亚洲竞争，简单来说，如果每个iPhone的组件都在美国制造，iPhone的价格将会飙升。如果只有超级富人才能购买这些昂贵的iPhone，那么三星和小米的高性价比智能手机可能会夺取苹果的市场份额。
@Jeffy702
Anyone else notice all the computers used in the chip factory was windows? Apple needs windows to stay alive it seems.
有没有人注意到芯片工厂里所有使用的电脑都是Windows系统？看来苹果需要Windows才能生存。
@brentsrx7
One more nail in the coffin of an integrated world economy built on economic prosperity. One more log on the smoldering fire of world war.
这是为建立在经济繁荣基础上的全球一体化经济再添一根钉子。这是世界大战燃烧中的又一根木柴。
@LoanwordEggcorn
The science and engineering of the chip making machines is insane.
Glad to see at least some manufacturing re-shoring. Remember most of these things were invented in the U.S.
芯片制造机器的科学和工程真是疯狂。很高兴看到至少有一些制造业回流。记住，这些东西大多数最初是在美国发明的。
@darinherrick9224
I think the main thing you need to remember is if they build in three USA they have to import workers because there's no one in three USA with the skills needed and they sure aren't going to train Americans to do this.
我认为你需要记住的主要问题是，如果他们在美国建立工厂，他们必须进口工人，因为美国没有具备所需技能的人，他们当然不会训练美国人来做这个。
@onlineacct8776
The reason they manufacture them outside of the US is because it is cheaper to produce them there. The cost will be greatly affected when they start making them in the US. This cost will then in turn be passed on to consumers
他们在美国以外地方制造芯片的原因是那里生产成本更低。当他们开始在美国制造时，成本会大大增加，这些成本最终会转嫁给消费者。
@jordancunningham7253
I hope the goal/laws for the upcoming factories built in the United States will be owned and operated by United States companies and U.S. citizens and not a foreign company or government.
我希望未来在美国建立的工厂的目标和法律是由美国公司和美国公民拥有和运营，而不是由外国公司或政府来掌控。
@cuzr702
We need to figure out how to match Taiwan or we are going to be set back a decade or more when China invades. China is working overtime to replicate Taiwan grade chips. The facilities we are building in the US cannot make any of the cutting edge chips. Is this what Biden wasted all our money on? We will be lucky if we can put together a Nokia phone with these factories. The whole point was to have a backup for Taiwan. Once again we good hoodwinked and our money down the toilet.
我们需要弄清楚如何赶上台湾（地区），否则在中国入Qin时我们将落后十年或更久。中国正在加班加点复制台湾（地区）级别的芯片。我们在美国建立的这些设施无法生产任何前沿的芯片。这就是拜登浪费我们所有钱的原因吗？如果我们能用这些工厂组装一部诺基亚手机，那就算幸运了。建立这些工厂的初衷是为了台湾（地区）提供备份。我们又一次被忽悠了，钱也打了水漂。
@dadanifit
Great. And that is why tariffs and weakening the dollar help for the purpose of relocating factories to american soil and building data centers .
很好。这就是关税和削弱美元有助于将工厂迁回美国并建立数据中心的原因。
@drewfasa
What are the chances this is just a minimal investment sop to the current administration that will be mothballed once the political winds change?
这种情况的可能性有多大？是不是仅仅是为了当前政府做的一个最小投资行为，一旦政治风向改变就会被搁置？
@ejonesss
i hope for the sake of keeping the costs down that only the most mission critical chips in the iphone are american made like the encryption chips and uses the mask rom tech similar to sony MechaCon chip used on the ps2 gaming console to secure the game disks and if there is a bug a whole new chip had to be made and solder swapped meaning you had to bring in your phone to apple.
the rest of the chips that are not missional critical like the mp3 and mp4 codecs can be made with firmware and foreign sources.
为了保持成本低，我希望iPhone中只有最关键的芯片是美国制造的，比如加密芯片，使用类似索尼PS2游戏机上MechaCon芯片的掩膜ROM技术来保护游戏光盘。如果出现故障，必须制造全新的芯片并更换焊接，这意味着你必须将手机带到苹果那里。其他那些不是关键任务的芯片，比如MP3和MP4编解码器，可以用固件和外国来源来制造。
@vaticinus
The US can't build anything competitively anymore. Inequality is too high. Too much Greed at the top. Refuse to educate its people. Rather spend on prisons, police and guns.
美国现在再也不能有竞争力地建造任何东西了。不平等太严重了。顶层的贪婪太多。拒绝教育人民。宁愿花钱在监狱、警察和枪支上
Apple is pushing now since it is no longer the largest customer of TSMC. Nvidia is now getting the first dibs on all of TSMC's wafers.
苹果现在在施压，因为它不再是台积电最大的客户。Nvidia现在优先获得所有台积电的晶圆。
@nnmdioxyde
I wonder if the new factory would have the safety nets out side of windows as they do in Asia.
我想知道新工厂是否会像亚洲那样在窗户外面安装安全网。
@RAZ423
I worked at a semiconductor fab run by a Korean company in Oregon during the 90's. It did not work out well. There was a huge cultural gulf between the Asians and the Americans and it is the cultural differences that make the Asians better at the kind of work involved in semiconductor manufacturing. Watching the TSMC saga play out in Phoenix is Déjà vu, almost comically so.
我在90年代曾在一家韩国公司运营的半导体厂工作过，结果并不理想。亚洲人和美国人之间存在巨大的文化差异，而这种文化差异使得亚洲人在半导体制造方面的工作表现更好。观看台积电在凤凰城的故事上演，让我有种似曾相识的感觉，几乎是喜剧般的。
@melih-
We are seeing a time when the risk of dependence on overseas production outweighs the cost difference of building and operating local facilities.
我们正处在一个依赖海外生产的风险超过建设和运营本地设施成本差异的时代。
@radeksparowski7174
they would have to import people to work in the factories as americans have barely the background to do the groundkeepers work
他们必须引进工人来工厂工作，因为美国人几乎没有背景来做这些基础工作。
@electricaltimelapsetest5713
At least alot of construction workers are getting work. Those tilt-up buildings used to be my company's bread and butter.
至少很多建筑工人找到了工作。这些倾斜建筑曾是我们公司的主要业务。
@stevevlahos1
We need to abandon the mentality that we must have the greatest profits, and focus on what’s best for the country. Covid shown that making everything overseas was a very bad thing and leaves you vulnerable. Partnerships are key.
我们需要摒弃追求最大利润的心态，专注于对国家最有利的事情。新冠疫情表明，将所有生产都外包到海外是非常糟糕的事情，这会让你变得脆弱。合作伙伴关系至关重要。
@Master_Paladin
I don't think Americans know how sweatshop like chip manufacturing is, TSMC has face significant problems with conflicting work ethic in Arizona, it's long hours, high stress and you work shifts with close to no flexibility for negotiation
我认为美国人并不知道芯片制造有多像血汗工厂，台积电在亚利桑那州面临着严重的工作伦理冲突问题，工时长、压力大，工作班次几乎没有谈判灵活性。
@robertyoung2661
The US is now supposed to have a future of making Tshirts, assembling cars, and printing computer chips. Manual labor that can be done in Thailand also. Inevitably, US wages will have to move to Thailand levels then.
现在美国似乎的未来是做T恤、组装汽车和打印计算机芯片。这些体力劳动也可以在泰国完成。不可避免地，美国的工资水平将不得不降到泰国水平。
@slamman9887
Not one mention of Fluorite, acid grade flurospar, without it, Apple cannot make anything they just showed.
没有提到氟矿石、酸级氟石，没有它，苹果就无法制造他们刚展示的任何东西。
@Ayo22210
Apple has got to try and build an AI agent for MacOS, and it can do tasks for us on the computer.
苹果必须尝试为MacOS开发一个AI助手，它可以为我们在电脑上执行任务。
@bmwfraulein1538
Why in the world are we making this information available to our enemies? There are some things that should be kept behind a curtain. This is one of them.
我们为什么要把这些信息提供给我们的敌人？有些事情应该保密，这是其中之一。
@TundishSkul
It is very inaccurate to state that the majority of these chips have been made overseas for decades. It’s been a much more fairly recent thing.
说这些芯片大多数已经在海外生产了几十年是不准确的。其实这只是最近才成为常态。
@sanpoisson1934
A percentage of any critical commodity for any country should be manufactured in that country and positioned to scale up when needed if most is offshore regardless of cost due to its national needs and risks. No one should be held hostage either geopolitically or environmentally.
任何国家的关键商品的百分比应该在该国生产，并且在需要时能够扩大规模。如果大部分生产都在海外，不论成本如何，出于国家需要和风险的考虑，都应该在国内有一定比例的生产。无论是地缘政治还是环境问题，没人应该被当作人质。
@jose4167-i9v
we'll see if it actually happens. too often company runs out and parades good laurels that haven't yet happened to buy credit, bump stock price, or goodwill. only to not follow through.
我们看看这是否真的会发生。公司太多时候展示尚未实现的好成果，以此来买取信用、提高股价或建立好意，却最终没有兑现。
@MrFACTS-mk1ib
I know we haven't seen anything related to Apple Manufacturing before, but this seems pushed by apple a bit that they are really investing in the US so trump doesn't impose another layer of tarrifs and tanks the company's profits
我知道我们之前没看到过关于苹果制造的任何信息，但这看起来有点像苹果在推动自己，表示他们真的在美国投资，以免特朗普再加征关税，摧毁公司的利润。
@davidwelty9763
The Apple and Foxconn guys never gave a straight answer on anything related to how much production is coming to the US
苹果和富士康的人从来没有给出关于生产多少会转移到美国的直接答案。
@SuccessMindset2180
Apple still needs to handle memory chip shortages and making a memory manufacturing deal with Samsung seems to be the only realistic solution
苹果仍然需要解决内存芯片的短缺问题，而与三星达成内存生产合作似乎是唯一现实的解决方案。
@abercrombie4lyfe
The engineering behind that ASML machine is insane and took over 20 years to make it affordable enough for commercial production. It's simply a marvel of technology.
那个ASML机器背后的工程真是疯狂，花了超过20年才让它足够经济，能够进行商业生产。简直是科技的奇迹。
@ThompsonClint
Sounds like we need to also recreate the machines that make the wafers locally as well. This should have all been done back when Steve Jobs was still alive.
听起来我们还需要在本地重新制造这些生产晶圆的机器。其实这一切应该在史蒂夫·乔布斯还活着的时候就做完了
@hbwi73jnctrwoo7r
When did apple start making chips? They always order them from TSMC. If they wanted they could place an order of Intel chips, which are US made.
苹果什么时候开始生产芯片的？他们一直都是从台积电订购的。如果他们想要的话，可以下单订购英特尔的芯片，那是美国生产的。
@aldine_KSP
we need more jobs like this onshored. This is the type of high end manufacturing we can use to create meaningful jobs and meaningful pay. Its not white collar but its a respectable and well paying job.
我们需要将更多这样的工作带回国内。这是我们可以用来创造有意义的工作和收入的高端制造业。这不是白领工作，但它是一个值得尊敬且薪水不错的工作。
@jnoahentertainment
The Netherlands makes the best machines in the world, so why doesn’t the Netherlands just make the chips itself?
荷兰生产世界上最好的机器，那么为什么荷兰自己不生产这些芯片呢？
@desepticon4
This is interesting but fabrication is only half the equation. What apple needs is a ready to go logistics and labor system that can spin up for the newest production in a matter of weeks. That already exists in Asia and I’m not sure if it’s even possible replicate here.
这很有趣，但芯片制造只是问题的一半。苹果需要的是一个现成的物流和劳动力系统，能够在几周内迅速启动最新的生产。这在亚洲已经存在，我不确定在这里是否有可能复制。
@rjackstheartofwealth6152
This is stupid nobody other than TSMC can make the sub four nanometer chips it's just not possible anybody talking about this is being purposefully deceptive
这太愚蠢了，除了台积电，没人能生产四纳米以下的芯片，这根本不可能。任何谈论这个的人都是故意误导。
@Curfingil
If the most current generation of chips were ever produced in a facility on U.S. soil, Taiwan would lose its largest bargaining chip when it comes to defense alliances regarding China.
如果最新一代芯片曾经在美国境内的工厂生产，台湾（地区）在涉及中国的防务联盟方面将失去最大的谈判筹码。
@kelliemcnulty5792
It seems a good habit, when handling something so valuable and pristine that warranted wearing gloves to not mar it, to hand delicate items back to their owner and not put it back on the shelf oneself.
处理如此珍贵和完美无瑕的物品时，戴上手套以免弄脏是一个好习惯，应该将这些精细的物品交还给其所有者，而不是自己把它放回架子上。
@DanielVazquez
Just by looking who works inside these American facilities there is no doubt why new US grads and domestic talent have a hard time landing jobs both software and hardware tech companies. Look at what happened at a Hyundai plant in Georgia, they promised to generate jobs for Americans, but even after years they kept importing workers from abroad.
单看这些美国工厂里的员工，毫无疑问，为什么新毕业的美国大学生和国内人才在软件和硬件科技公司找工作这么难。看看乔治亚州现代汽车厂发生了什么，他们曾承诺为美国人创造就业机会，但即使多年过去了，他们仍然不断从国外引进工人。
@drew90
I would be proud to have the opportunity to build or even own an iPhone that was created and assembled in the US. I hope to see it in the future one day.
如果有机会打造甚至拥有一部在美国制造和组装的iPhone，我会感到非常自豪。希望未来某一天能看到这一幕。
@theSUBVERSIVE
the us stopped reinvesting in innovation long ago the catch up won't be enough because the culture is about maximizing investor's money, paying big sums of bonus to ceos instead of being on top of innovation
美国早就停止了对创新的再投资，追赶的步伐不够，因为文化是为了最大化投资者的利益，把大笔奖金给CEO，而不是站在创新的前沿。
@ullabastory
The American currency is too strong if it wants to compete in the industry, product prices will be expensive for users around the world unless America does not strengthen its currency.
如果美国想在工业上竞争，货币太强势了，产品价格对全球用户来说会变得昂贵，除非美国不再加强其货币。
@slydog55
Please remember that Apple decided to have their chip production in Taiwan for cost issue. Maybe they should have never left the US to start with but the bottom line was more important to them than national security apparently.
请记住，苹果选择在台湾（地区）生产芯片是出于成本考虑。也许他们根本就不应该离开美国，但显然对他们来说，底线比国家安全更重要。
@milk_chemistry
The reason why Intel stopped making them in the US is because it's not affordable for people, Intel can't compete with amd while paying US wages and most likely apple won't be able to either
英特尔之所以停止在美国生产芯片，是因为这对人们来说负担不起，英特尔无法在支付美国工资的情况下与AMD竞争，而苹果很可能也做不到这一点。
@johnlucas6683
It's one thing if the US can make them locally, but the cost will be a whole other thing, and will be the ultimate factor if this will even push through.
如果美国能够在本地生产芯片，那是一回事，但成本将是另一个问题，这将是是否能推进的最终因素。
@darkpondz
I’m surprised China hasn’t invaded already even just a war of attrition, it would cripple America and the world with the chip maker under siege. Let’s not forget it would pop the Ai bubble causing insane economic effects in the process
我很惊讶中国还没有入侵，即使只是消耗战，这将使美国和世界陷入困境，因为芯片制造商会受到围攻。别忘了，这会导致AI泡沫破裂，从而造成疯狂的经济影响。
@DeEmperor1
If not for capitalism and corporate greed, several US companies can afford to join forces, set up a chip manufacturing company and work together on that goal. This nonsense they are trying to do won't work for reasons they already know. TSMC isn't having it easy trying to setup manufacturing in America. Neither is Samsung. Does reasons won't disappear overnight. Plus cost factor is another thing. Devices will go up in price if chips are being manufactured in US. How does that help with competitions from China? But if companies join hands, they may figure out better ways to make it work.
如果不是因为资本主义和企业贪婪，几家美国公司本可以联合起来，成立一家芯片制造公司，并共同努力实现这个目标。他们正在尝试的这些无稽之谈不会奏效，原因他们自己已经知道。台积电在美国设立制造厂并不容易，三星也是如此。这些原因不会在一夜之间消失。此外，成本因素也是一个问题。如果芯片在美国制造，设备的价格将会上涨。这如何帮助与中国的竞争？但如果公司团结合作，他们或许能找到更好的解决办法。
@Pro2997
Apple cares about cutting costs more than anyone. That factory in the video doesn’t even look fully set up yet but honestly feels more like a test or showpiece production site. Wouldn’t be surprised if they’re just waiting for the right time to move things back to China.
苹果比任何人都更关注削减成本。视频中的那个工厂看起来甚至还没有完全建立起来，但老实说，更像是一个测试或者展示用的生产基地。如果他们只是等着合适的时机将生产搬回中国，我不会感到惊讶。
@maemilev
The next iphone will be quality products. Not those junk ones from China that auto shutdown when detected cold or hot environments.
下一个iPhone将是高质量的产品。不是那些来自中国的LAJI产品，遇到冷热环境就自动关机。
@MorganFleurDeLys
There are entire other videos that explain the logistics of iPhone production, and specifically the worker component. It’s not possible to assemble them here.
有其他完整的视频解释了iPhone生产的物流，特别是工人部分。在这里组装是不可能的。
@pimaxuma
US chip manufacturing cannot match Asia, simply because if every iPhone component was made in the US, then iPhone prices would soar higher. If only the super wealthy get to buy those pricey iPhones, then Samsung and xiaomi's affordable smartphones could take market share away from Apple.
美国的芯片制造无法与亚洲竞争，简单来说，如果每个iPhone的组件都在美国制造，iPhone的价格将会飙升。如果只有超级富人才能购买这些昂贵的iPhone，那么三星和小米的高性价比智能手机可能会夺取苹果的市场份额。
@Jeffy702
Anyone else notice all the computers used in the chip factory was windows? Apple needs windows to stay alive it seems.
有没有人注意到芯片工厂里所有使用的电脑都是Windows系统？看来苹果需要Windows才能生存。
@brentsrx7
One more nail in the coffin of an integrated world economy built on economic prosperity. One more log on the smoldering fire of world war.
这是为建立在经济繁荣基础上的全球一体化经济再添一根钉子。这是世界大战燃烧中的又一根木柴。
@LoanwordEggcorn
The science and engineering of the chip making machines is insane.
Glad to see at least some manufacturing re-shoring. Remember most of these things were invented in the U.S.
芯片制造机器的科学和工程真是疯狂。很高兴看到至少有一些制造业回流。记住，这些东西大多数最初是在美国发明的。
@darinherrick9224
I think the main thing you need to remember is if they build in three USA they have to import workers because there's no one in three USA with the skills needed and they sure aren't going to train Americans to do this.
我认为你需要记住的主要问题是，如果他们在美国建立工厂，他们必须进口工人，因为美国没有具备所需技能的人，他们当然不会训练美国人来做这个。
@onlineacct8776
The reason they manufacture them outside of the US is because it is cheaper to produce them there. The cost will be greatly affected when they start making them in the US. This cost will then in turn be passed on to consumers
他们在美国以外地方制造芯片的原因是那里生产成本更低。当他们开始在美国制造时，成本会大大增加，这些成本最终会转嫁给消费者。
@jordancunningham7253
I hope the goal/laws for the upcoming factories built in the United States will be owned and operated by United States companies and U.S. citizens and not a foreign company or government.
我希望未来在美国建立的工厂的目标和法律是由美国公司和美国公民拥有和运营，而不是由外国公司或政府来掌控。
@cuzr702
We need to figure out how to match Taiwan or we are going to be set back a decade or more when China invades. China is working overtime to replicate Taiwan grade chips. The facilities we are building in the US cannot make any of the cutting edge chips. Is this what Biden wasted all our money on? We will be lucky if we can put together a Nokia phone with these factories. The whole point was to have a backup for Taiwan. Once again we good hoodwinked and our money down the toilet.
我们需要弄清楚如何赶上台湾（地区），否则在中国入Qin时我们将落后十年或更久。中国正在加班加点复制台湾（地区）级别的芯片。我们在美国建立的这些设施无法生产任何前沿的芯片。这就是拜登浪费我们所有钱的原因吗？如果我们能用这些工厂组装一部诺基亚手机，那就算幸运了。建立这些工厂的初衷是为了台湾（地区）提供备份。我们又一次被忽悠了，钱也打了水漂。
@dadanifit
Great. And that is why tariffs and weakening the dollar help for the purpose of relocating factories to american soil and building data centers .
很好。这就是关税和削弱美元有助于将工厂迁回美国并建立数据中心的原因。
@drewfasa
What are the chances this is just a minimal investment sop to the current administration that will be mothballed once the political winds change?
这种情况的可能性有多大？是不是仅仅是为了当前政府做的一个最小投资行为，一旦政治风向改变就会被搁置？
@ejonesss
i hope for the sake of keeping the costs down that only the most mission critical chips in the iphone are american made like the encryption chips and uses the mask rom tech similar to sony MechaCon chip used on the ps2 gaming console to secure the game disks and if there is a bug a whole new chip had to be made and solder swapped meaning you had to bring in your phone to apple.
the rest of the chips that are not missional critical like the mp3 and mp4 codecs can be made with firmware and foreign sources.
为了保持成本低，我希望iPhone中只有最关键的芯片是美国制造的，比如加密芯片，使用类似索尼PS2游戏机上MechaCon芯片的掩膜ROM技术来保护游戏光盘。如果出现故障，必须制造全新的芯片并更换焊接，这意味着你必须将手机带到苹果那里。其他那些不是关键任务的芯片，比如MP3和MP4编解码器，可以用固件和外国来源来制造。
@vaticinus
The US can't build anything competitively anymore. Inequality is too high. Too much Greed at the top. Refuse to educate its people. Rather spend on prisons, police and guns.
美国现在再也不能有竞争力地建造任何东西了。不平等太严重了。顶层的贪婪太多。拒绝教育人民。宁愿花钱在监狱、警察和枪支上
